Piano dell'opera VOLUME IScritti giovanilia cura di Pietro Antonio Carnemolla VOLUME IILa fondazione romanistica. Scritti di storia e di diritto romanoa cura di Patrizia Giunti VOLUME IIIPrincipi ...contro i totalitarismi e rifondazione costituzionalea cura di Ugo De Siervo VOLUME IVLa città e la persona umana. Scritti sociali, politici e amministrativia cura di Pier Luigi Ballini, Giulio Conticelli VOLUME VLa costruzione della pace. Scritti di politica internazionalea cura di Bruna Bagnato VOLUME VIIl credente e la Chiesa. Scritti di vita religiosa ed ecclesialea cura di Bruna Bocchini, Augusto D'Angelo.
VOLUME VIIIndici dell'Edizione Nazionale delle Opere di Giorgio La Pira Commissione Ministeriale per l'Edizione Nazionale delle Opere di Giorgio La Pira Bruna Bagnato; Pierluigi Ballini; Bruna Bocchini; Lucilla Conigliello,segretaria tesoriera; Giulio Conticelli; Augusto D'Angelo; Ugo De Siervo; Piero Fiorelli; Patrizia Giunti; Silvano Nistri; Mario Primicerio; Andrea Riccardi; Diana Marta Toccafondi,presidenteHanno fatto parte della Commissione: Francesco Adorno; Francesco Paolo Casavola; Carla Guiducci Bonanni; Fioretta Mazzei; Mario Scotti; Antinesca Rabissi Tilli Testo dell'editore
Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is currently the most important bacterial disease of shrimp that has caused enormous losses to the shrimp industry worldwide. The causative agent of ...AHPND are Vibrio spp. Carrying plasmids containing the pirA and pirB genes which encode binary toxins, PirAB. Currently, AHPND is mostly diagnosed by PCR-based platforms which require the use of sophisticated laboratory instrumentation and are not suitable for a point-of-care diagnostics. Therefore, the availability of an alternative method based on isothermal amplification would be suitable for AHPND detection outside a laboratory setting and extremely useful at a pond side location. Isothermal amplification is based on the nucleic acid amplification at a single temperature and does not require the use of a thermal cycler. In this study, we developed an isothermal Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) assay for AHPND detection targeting both pirA and pirB genes, simultaneously and evaluated the specificity and sensitivity of the assay. The assay could detect AHPND without any cross-reaction with other microbial pathogens and Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) shrimp. The limit of detection of the assay was 5 copies of pirAB genes. To evaluate the reliability of the assay in detecting AHPND, DNA from Penaeus vannamei shrimp displaying acute and chronic infection were analyzed by the RPA assay and the results were compared with SYBR Green real-time PCR assay. While there was a 100% conformity between the two assay while detecting acute phase infection, RPA appeared to be more sensitive in detecting chronic phase infection. The data suggest that RPA assay described here would be a reliable method in detecting AHPND outside a standard laboratory setting.
•A highly sensitive RPA assay was developed for the detection of AHPND in Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei.•The assay could detect both acute and chronic phase infections in AHPND.•The RPA assay detected simultaneously pirA and pirB toxin genes.
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•Individual PirAt and PirB, and PirA-PirB from Photorhabdus akhurstii were heterologously expressed and characterized.•Individually purified PirAt or PirB were not toxic to mosquito ...larvae.•PirA-PirB proteins from pir operon were toxic to Aedes and Culex larvae with LC50 of 991 & 614 ng/ml, respectively.•The DNA sequences between two orfs, pirA and pirB, of the operon could play an important role in solubility and toxicity.
Photorhabdus insect related proteins A & B (PirA, PirB) from Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus bacteria exhibit both oral and injectable toxicity against lepidopteran and dipteran insect pest. The pirA, pirAt (encoding 6 N-terminal truncated PirA), pirB genes, pirA-pirB (with ERIC sequences), pirA-pirB-mERIC (modified pirA-pirB with mutated ERIC sequences) and polycistronic-pirAB were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. However, PirA protein was expressed in insoluble form and therefore the pirA gene was modified to produce PirAt. Moreover, pirA-pirB-mERIC, polycistronic-pirAB and co-transformed pirA/pirB genes were not expressed in the studied prokaryotic expression systems. None of the single purified proteins or mixtures of the individually expressed and purified proteins were toxic to mosquito larvae of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. However, PirA-PirB protein mixtures purified from pirA-pirB operon plasmid were toxic to A. aegypti and C. quinquefasciatus larvae with LC50 values of 991 and 614 ng/ml, respectively. The presence of ERIC sequences between the two orfs of the pirA-pirB operon could help to obtain the proteins in biologically active form. Further, results confirm that PirA-PirB proteins of P. akhurstii subsp. akhurstii K-1 are binary insecticidal toxins and ERIC sequences could play an important role in expression of Pir proteins. Reports of biophysical characterization of individually purified PirAt, PirB and expressed PirA-PirB toxin mixture could provide the structural insight into these proteins.
Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is highly effective in reducing new inflammatory activity in aggressive multiple sclerosis (MS). A remarkable decrease of serum ...neurofilament light chains (sNfL) concentration, a marker of axonal damage, was reported in MS following high-intensity regimen AHSCT, but hints for potential neurotoxicity had emerged. sNfL and brain atrophy were therefore analysed in a cohort of patients with aggressive MS treated with intermediate-intensity AHSCT, exploring whether sNfL might be a reliable marker of disability progression independent from new inflammation (i.e. relapses and/or new/gadolinium-enhancing MRI focal lesions).
sNfL concentrations were measured using SIMOA methodology in peripheral blood from relapsing-remitting (RR-) or secondary-progressive (SP-) MS patients undergoing AHSCT (MS AHSCT), collected before transplant and at months 6 and 24 following the procedure. sNfL measured at a single timepoint in SP-MS patients not treated with AHSCT without recent inflammatory activity (SP-MS CTRL) and healthy subjects (HD) were used as controls. The rate of brain volume loss (AR-BVL) was also evaluated by MRI in MS AHSCT cases.
Thirty-eight MS AHSCT (28 RR-MS; 10 SP-MS), 22 SP-MS CTRL and 19 HD were included. Baseline median sNfL concentrations were remarkably higher in the MS AHSCT than in the SP-MS CTRL and HD groups (
= 0.005 and <0.0001, respectively), and levels correlated with recent inflammatory activity. After a marginal (not significant) median increase observed at month 6, at month 24 following AHSCT sNfL concentrations decreased compared to baseline by median 42.8 pg/mL (range 2.4-217.3;
= 0.039), reducing by at least 50% in 13 cases, and did not differ from SP-MS CTRL (
= 0.110) but were still higher than in HD (
< 0.0001). Post-AHSCT AR-BVL normalised in 55% of RR-MS and in 30% of SP-MS. The effectiveness and safety of AHSCT were aligned with the literature.
sNfL concentrations correlated with recent inflammatory activity and were massively and persistently reduced by intermediate-intensity AHSCT. Association with response to treatment assessed by clinical or MRI outcomes was not observed, suggesting a good sensitivity of sNfL for recent inflammatory activity but low sensitivity in detecting ongoing axonal damage independent from new focal inflammation.
In Southeast Asia, the penaeid shrimp aquaculture production faces a new pandemic bacterial disease called acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND). The highly profitable pacific white shrimp,
...Litopenaeus vannamei
, has become a challenging species due to severe lethal infections. Recent research has identified a critical pathogen,
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
, which caused significant loss in the shrimp industry. The disease pathway involves a virulence plasmid encoding binary protein toxins (PirA/B) that cause cell death. The protein toxins were inherited and conjugatively transferred to other
Vibrio
species through a post-segregational killing system. In this study, “in silico” (Glide, 2021) analysis identified four phytocompounds as myricetin (Myr), ( +)-taxifolin (TF), (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and strychnine (STN) which could be most effective against both the toxins concerning its docking score and affinity. The interactions of complexes and the critical amino acids involved in docking were analyzed using the Discovery Studio (version 2016). Molecular dynamic studies showed lower root mean square deviations (RMSD) and improved stabilization of ( +)-taxifolin (TF) and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) against both the protein toxins
.
The antibacterial potential of all four selected compounds had tested against pathogenic strains of
V. parahaemolyticus
through minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The best MBC results were observed at concentrations of 1 mg/mL for EGCG and 1.25 mg/mL for TF. Moreover, the complete reduction of viable cell counts in the in vitro bactericidal activity had recorded after 24 h of incubation.
The Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA), one of the best known and most researched terrorist organizations in history, has been comparatively assessed alongside various terrorist outfits from ...around the world. However, it has never been systematically compared with its most immediate rival, neighbour, and competitor, the lesser known Official Irish Republican Army (OIRA). This article addresses this scholarly gap and presents a thematic assessment of the similarities and differences between the two organisations in their respective post-ceasefire periods of 1972 and 1994. It proposes a new comparative approach to studying terrorist organisations in which knowledge about a better known entity (here, the PIRA) and its future trajectory is generated through a detailed assessment of the activities and developments of a not only more obscure case (here, the OIRA) but also, in many aspects, the most comparable case or cases. Such an approach could yield interesting results for the field of terrorism studies, which could still profit from in-depth, internal, case study analyses of specific terrorist organizations.
•Even among MS patients considered mildly affected, most showed disease activity•Driven by MRI activity, loss of NEDA-3 was the most frequent marker of disease activity•PIRA occurred in 50% of ...patients and was often not accompanied by loss of NEDA-3•MRI and clinical measurements often did not show disease activity simultaneously•Measuring different disease activity outcome measures could improve monitoring
The current range of disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) has placed more importance on the accurate monitoring of disease progression for timely and appropriate treatment decisions. With a rising number of measurements for disease progression, it is currently unclear how well these measurements or combinations of them can monitor more mildly affected RRMS patients.
To investigate several composite measures for monitoring disease activity and their potential relation to the biomarker neurofilament light chain (NfL) in a clearly defined early RRMS patient cohort with a milder disease course.
From a total of 301 RRMS patients, a subset of 46 patients being treated with a continuous first-line therapy was analyzed for loss of no evidence of disease activity (lo-NEDA-3) status, relapse-associated worsening (RAW) and progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA), up to seven years after treatment initialization. Kaplan-Meier estimates were used for time-to-event analysis. Additionally, a Cox regression model was used to analyze the effect of NfL levels on outcome measures in this cohort.
In this mildly affected cohort, both lo-NEDA-3 and PIRA frequently occurred over a median observational period of 67.2 months and were observed in 39 (84.8%) and 23 (50.0%) patients, respectively. Additionally, 12 out of 26 PIRA manifestations (46.2%) were observed without a corresponding lo-NEDA-3 status. Jointly, either PIRA or lo-NEDA-3 showed disease activity in all patients followed-up for at least the median duration (67.2 months). NfL values demonstrated an association with the occurrence of relapses and RAW.
The complementary use of different disease progression measures helps mirror ongoing disease activity in mildly affected early RRMS patients being treated with continuous first-line therapy.
U radu se govori o Sredozemlju (Mediteranu) kao „mjestu susreta i mira“. Naime, na poziv Talijanske biskupske konferencije održan je u Bariju od 19. do 23. veljače 2020. susret katoličkih biskupa iz ...područja zemalja koje su povezane sa Sredozemljem. Na susret koji je organiziran prvi put u povijesti došlo je 58 predstavnika iz 20 „mediteranskih zemalja“. Na pitanje zašto je organiziran ovaj susret odgovorio je predsjednik Talijanske biskupske konferencije kardinal Gualtiero Bassetti: „Ovom inicijativom nismo se htjeli svrstati s prorocima nedaće koji dižu ruke kad su neredi i ratovi u pitanju.., jer vjerujemo da ljubav jača od mržnje, dijalog od fundamentalizma i pravda od bezakonja“. A projekt susretu Crkava iz Sredozemlja ima povijesne korijene koji su vezani uz „proročko viđenje“ gradonačelnika Firence, Giorgia La Pire, koji je pedesetih godina prošloga stoljeća organizirao „Mediteranske razgovore“. On je Mediteran nazvao „Tiberijadskim jezerom“ oko kojega su smješteni narodi koji pripadaju „trostrukoj Abrahamovoj obitelji“. Ovoga puta poziv je upućen katoličkim biskupima sa Sredozemlja da dođu u Bari na „susret, razgovor i molitvu“ koja je završila euharistijskim slavljem s Papom Franjom, u nedjelju 23. veljače 2020. godine.
Premda susret nije bio „znanstveni skup“, ali bio je povijesni i zapažen medijski događaj na kojem su biskupi na „sinodalan način“ govorili o znakovima vremena za ovo naše doba, te izmijenili bogatu i raznoliku liturgijsku, eklezijalnu i duhovnu crkvenu tradiciju. Okupljeni oko pape Franje, s kojim je završio ovaj susret, osjetilo se „proročke riječi“ Svetoga Oca kojima nas usmjerava i potiče da preko ekumenskih i međureligijskih susret „budemo mirotvorci i promicatelji dijaloga među ljudima i narodima“. U tom vidu pisanje i djelovanje „sluge Božjega La Pire o Mediteranu kao „mostu koji povezuje prostore i ljude“, povezano s „teologijom koja ima biti u službi mira i kulture dijaloga“, imalo je osobito značenje na susretu biskupa u Bariju s temom „Sredozemlje kao mjestu susreta i mira“.
To tell the «chapters» of life of Giorgio La Pira (Pozzallo 1904-Florence 1977), we chose to follow a chronological order. Based on meticulous research and proposing extensive unpublished ...documentation, we describe the many commitments that – year after year – the Professor has found himself assuming and the various fields of his action, starting from his early years in Sicily. A very young university professor of Roman Law, intellectually engaged in the fight against fascism, constituent, parliamentarian, mayor, president of the World Federation of United Cities, La Pira has characterised his testimony in all these areas with fidelity to his deep faith and with concrete attention to the least, to the poor, to the defence of work, the right to housing, of social justice; and of the basic right to freedom and peace. For each year a summary of all the Professor’s activities is reported. The work is accompanied by over a thousand biographical cards and an extensive bibliography. A solid base to start new research from, and also a useful tool for reflection and study of the life and thoughts of Giorgio La Pira.
Due to its rapid lethal effect in the early development stage of shrimp, acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) has been causing great economic losses, since its first outbreak in southeast ...China in 2009. Vibrio parahaemolyticus, carrying the pirA and pirB toxin genes is known to cause AHPND in shrimp. The overall objective of this study was to sequence the whole genome of AHPND positive V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from shrimp (Peneaus monodon) of the south-west region of Bangladesh in 2016 and 2017 and characterize the genomic features and emergence pattern of this marine pathogen.
Two targeted AHPND positive V. parahaemolyticus strains were confirmed using PCR with 16S rRNA, ldh, AP3 and AP4 primers. The assembled genomes of strain MSR16 and MSR17 were comprised of a total of 5,393,740 bp and 5,241,592 bp, respectively. From annotation, several virulence genes involved in chemotaxis and motility, EPS type II secretion system, Type III secretion system-1 (T3SS-1) and its secreted effectors, thermolabile hemolysin were found in both strains. Importantly, the ~ 69 kb plasmid was identified in both MSR16 and MSR17 strains containing the two toxin genes pirA and pirB. Antibiotic resistance genes were predicted against β-lactam, fluoroquinolone, tetracycline and macrolide groups in both MSR16 and MSR17 strains.
The findings of this research may facilitate the tracking of pathogenic and/or antibiotic-resistant V. parahaemolyticus isolates between production sites, and the identification of candidate strains for the production of vaccines as an aid to control of this devastating disease. Also, the emergence pattern of this pathogen can be highlighted to determine the characteristic differences of other strains found all over the world.
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