Plagiarism is a misconduct, which refers to the use of scientific and literary content contained in other sources without reference to them. Today, the rise of plagiarism has become a serious problem ...for publishers and researchers. Many researchers have discussed this problem and tried to identify types of plagiarism; however, most of these methods are not effective in detecting intelligent plagiarism. In other words, most of these methods focus on direct copying. Therefore, in this study, two methods are proposed to identify Extrinsic plagiarism. In both methods, to limit the search space, two stages of filtering based on the bag of word (BoW) technique are used at the document level and at the sentence level, and plagiarism is investigated only in the outputs of these two stages. In the first method to detect similarities in suspicious documents and sentences, the combination of pre-trained network technique of words embedding FastText and TF-IDF weighting technique to form two structural and semantic matrices and in the second method to form the two matrices, WordNet ontology and weighting TF-IDF is used. After forming the above matrices and calculating the similarity between the pairs of matrices of each sentence, using the Dice similarity and the structural similarity of the weighted composition, two similarity values are calculated. By comparing the similarity of suspicious sentences with the minimum threshold, the document containing the suspicious sentence receives the label of plagiarism or non-plagiarism. Experimental results on the PAN-PC-11 database show that the first method has achieved 95.1% precision and the second method 93.8% precision, which shows that the use of word embedding network compared to WordNet ontology can be more successful in detecting Extrinsic plagiarism.
The literature on academic misconduct has seen unprecedented growth over the past 20 years. As the research into this vital topic has grown, there have been a few reviews attempting to consolidate ...the literature. While the extant reviews have been insightful, a careful analysis reveals that these have somewhat different emphases, methods, and time intervals. Our study employs a bibliometric analysis approach on a large set of studies (779) published between 2000 and 2020. The analysis uncovers the key clusters, countries' co-authorship and evolution of research over the past two decades. It enriches contemporary knowledge on multifaceted issues of academic misconduct and offers resonant insights for academics, students, and policymakers. The paper concludes with several promising opportunities for future research.
For researchers and journal editors, AI-based systems will enable more complex problems to be addressed, based on input from multiple sources of information, an approach that is not possible or would ...be impossibly slow without assistance from AI. The first period (from 1879 to 2004) was dominated by Index Medicus and essentially involved having to go to the library to look for a precise reference in the large Index books, finding the relevant issue of the journal (if stocked) on the library shelf, and then making a ‘xerox copy.’ The post-publication impact of articles and spread of information will also be facilitated, by automatic identification of the important novel aspects of published research, leading to more rapid application of effective new concepts and/or meaningful improvements in practice.
Advent development of anti-plagiarism solutions has supported varied range of elementary forms of textual recycling, however, considering the magnum of content that is being generated, a tool alone ...might be ineffective in preventing complex forms of plagiarism. Some of the issues that are envisaged with the plagiarized articles in many of the open-access journals emphasize the point that critical deficiencies of varied kind of solutions that are existing aren’t being resourceful in identifying the manipulation that is taking place in the form of paraphrasing and editing. Manipulative editing has become a major menace even in the case of predatory journals and is leading to issues of publication ethics. Certain preventive strategies that have evolved in the recent past are relying on semantic solutions, comprehensive texts evaluation, graphics, reference lists, key words, digital technologies. It is right time for enforcing adherence to global editorial guidance and towards implementing a comprehensive set of strategies to address the issue of plagiarism.
In programming learning environments, the pressure of delivering many programming assignments makes plagiarism the easiest solution. This highly threatens the learning process; therefore, the need of ...an automatic, fast, and accurate detection of source code plagiarism becomes essential. To detect whether a pair of Java files is plagiarized, this paper proposes four classification feature sets: (i) structural histogram features, histogram-based features for summarizing similarity matrices; (ii) lexical per-class features, extracted from a lexical similarity matrix between the classes of the two compared files based on character 3-grams; (iii) structural counting features, twelve counting features representing the code structure; and (iv) modified original features: a set of modifications on the features of the used baseline. The results show that the best feature sets in F-measure are the structural histogram features and the lexical per-class features combined, which improve the F-measure by 4% compared to the baseline. The added features slow down the execution time. However, it is still efficient, given that it can classify 70k pairs in 23 min. In addition, we partially re-annotated the SOurce COde Re-use dataset. After the re-annotation, the F-measure of both the baseline and our work is improved, and our work achieves an F-measure of 93.6%, which is 7.5% higher than the new F-measure of the baseline. In addition, some remarks and recommendations are provided for using the SOurce COde Re-use dataset as a benchmark.
El acceso a Internet y a las tecnologías digitales se ha convertido en la fuente fundamental en la búsqueda de información para la elaboración de trabajos académicos y por ello, de acuerdo con ...numerosos estudios, es una de las causas con mayor incidencia en la comisión de ciberplagio. En este estudio se pretende verificar si el tipo de soporte (papel/electrónico) empleado por el alumnado universitario para hacer sus trabajos presenta diferencias en cuanto a la comisión de plagio o ciberplagio. Partiendo de una metodología cuantitativa, se caracteriza la investigación como exploratoria, descriptiva y explicativa, utilizando el cuestionario como instrumento para la recogida de la información. La muestra, de carácter no probabilístico, intencional y por conveniencia, se compone de un total de 8.943 estudiantes de la Comunidad Autónoma de Galicia. Los resultados muestran el empleo preferente del formato electrónico. Se exceptúan varios casos en los cuales se aprecian diferencias estadísticamente significativas tanto en las actuaciones de plagio que se ponen en marcha como en cuanto a las principales causas establecidas para justificar dicha comisión. Se realiza una discusión de los resultados relacionando los hallazgos de la investigación con el análisis de estudios precedentes en esta temática y se establecen conclusiones centradas en la necesidad de formar al alumnado en competencias informacionales para no incurrir en plagio a través del empleo de Internet. PALABRAS CLAVE Ciberplagio, educación universitaria, Internet, escritura académica, citación, ética académica. Access to the Internet and digital technologies has become the primary source of information used in academic papers, and, according to numerous studies, is therefore accountable for the greatest number of cases of cyber-plagiarism. The aim of this study is to determine whether the type of format used by university students for their academic papers (paper/electronic) has an influence on plagiarism or cyber-plagiarism. The research is based on a quantitative methodology, and it is characterized as exploratory, descriptive, and explanatory, using the questionnaire as a tool for data collection. Purposive non- probability convenience sampling provided a sample of 8,943 students from the Autonomous Community of Galicia. The findings show a preference for the use of the electronic format for submitting academic work. Exceptions are made in several cases in which statistically significant differences are observed both in the acts of plagiarism that are initiated and in the main reasons given to justify such acts. A discussion of the findings correlates the findings of the research with the analysis of previous studies in this area, and the conclusions focus on the need to train students in informational skills so as not to commit plagiarism when using the Internet as an academic source. KEYWORDS Cyber-plagiarism, university education, Internet, academic writing, citation, academic ethics.
The ethics of publishing in medical journals Isaacs, David; Elliot, Chris; Kilham, Henry ...
Paediatric respiratory reviews,
September 2021, 2021-09-00, 20210901, Letnik:
39
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Ethics has been defined as the way we ought to behave. Medical publishing essentially exists to broadcast current and new medical knowledge to aid in the practice of medicine. In this review article ...we consider many of the aspects of medical publishing with regard to ‘what we ought to do’ and, equally, ‘what we ought not to do’ from the perspective of various ethical frameworks. Although ethics is not the law or a set of rules, nor a code of conduct, an ethical lens can be useful when developing good general guidelines for medical publishing.
Plagiarism has become a recurrent challenge in higher education institutions, threatening the integrity of universities and their academic standards. The exacerbation of this issue can be largely ...linked to the escalating presence of online resources, which are easily accessible to knowledge and information communities worldwide. Many universities have thus instituted reactive measures that focus on detecting and policing plagiarism with little consideration of proactive and educational measures that can address the primary reasons for plagiarism and foster a community of academic integrity on their campuses. The purpose of this paper is, therefore, to interrogate the treatment of plagiarism in universities, and provide recommendations for better educational approaches to address this issue in proactive ways that also acknowledge the complex, contextual background of the South African higher education landscape. Understanding the primary reasons students plagiarise is critical in finding educational rather than punitive solutions to address the issue.
PDF
