The aim of this paper is the concept of the settlement of criminal cases committed Din Minimi Group. The amnesty is the prerogative of the President specified in the Constitution of 1945. Amnesty NRI ...is a form of pardon to political prisoners to be free from legal sanctions. The legal basis for amnesty stipulated in the Emergency Law No. 11 of 1954 on Amnesty and Abolition. The method used in this paper is a conceptual approach. Related to peace efforts in Aceh, the President has issued Presidential Decree No. 22 of 2005 on Amnesty and Abolition against GAM members. Once that happens again insurgency by Din Minimi caused dissatisfaction with the policy of the Governing of Aceh. Counterinsurgency is done by giving amnesty to the group Din Minimi so willing to surrender. When viewed in this aspect of the law, amnesty if forced to give to Din Minimi, it is destructive to the prevailing laws in Indonesia. Do not rule out the possibility of regulation will hit Indonesia polemic, so the solution had to pay attention to various aspects of both of the victim, the offender, and the community by not disregard the rule of law and justice.
The article deals with the possibilities of monitoring of information communities and their members' cognitive activity in order to analyze and forecast the actions of these individuals with the use ...of the method of automated structuring of their real political interests and of detection of inner- and inter-class connections in a digital super system. Analysis is a relevant method to detect tendencies of the political positioning of groups of people that are forming digital information assets as well as of the management of the organizational risks that emerge.
Governments do not exclusively buy from the cheapest bidder and increasingly use public procurement as a policy instrument to achieve wider environmental, innovative and social objectives. Past ...studies have shown the process of government contracting to be connected to political factors. This paper studies the extent to which politicians' preferences for price and non-price criteria in the contract awarding stage are associated with politicians' ideological reasoning (the Citizen Candidate model), and strategic reasoning (the Downsian approach). Politicians' preferences are analysed through a discrete choice experiment. We find that politicians' preferences for non-price criteria are strongly connected to ideological reasoning and to a limited extent to strategic reasoning. We also observe that, regardless of their political ideology and financial situation of the municipality, politicians are willing to look beyond price, and consider environmental, innovative and social criteria when awarding contracts.
Parenthood and political engagement Grechyna, Daryna
European Journal of Political Economy,
January 2023, 2023-01-00, Letnik:
76
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This paper analyzes the impact of parenthood on political engagement using the longitudinal British survey data and a repeated cross-sectional European Social survey. I construct a political ...engagement measure by applying confirmatory factor analysis to observable indicators of several different aspects of political engagement. Then, I estimate the impact of becoming a parent on political engagement based on an event study around the birth of an individual’s first child, using UK data. The results indicate that having children reduces the political engagement of female parents but does not significantly affect the political engagement of male parents. The impact on women is temporary and disappears several years after the birth of their first child. The analysis of the impact of additional children on political engagement suggests that women’s political engagement is reduced by the fact of becoming a mother rather than by the number of children. The results are confirmed using repeated cross-sectional data for European regions, controlling for fixed regional characteristics. The policy implications of these findings are discussed.
•Estimate the impact of becoming a parent on political engagement.•An event study around the birth of an individual’s first child, using UK data.•Children reduces the political engagement of mothers.•The impact is temporary and disappears several years after the birth of the child.•The results are confirmed using repeated cross-sectional data for European regions.
Youth in democratic activities has changed the political scenario of Pakistan. The current study was aimed to identify the youngsters towards their participation in democratic paractices and ...political activities. The novelity of presnt study is to introduce a new theory of 'Youth-Inn' which indicated the continuous youth participation and involvement in community problem solving, peers motivation, influence public to do vote, and other political matters. The phenomena of this study are based on the present political scenario of Pakistan and youth participation in building the political structure. The study was quantitative in nature and data were collected through random sampling techniques, hundreds of respondents participated from two provinces of Pakistan, which are Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The objective of the study is to highlight the performance of youth activities, contribution to the political participation, their role in political parties and interests in political and social matters. The findings of the study suggest that youth in Pakistan are increasingly participating in democratic, social and political activities, which are their basic and core responsibility to take apart and do sufficient steps for the country.
China's Free Trade Area strategy and its global network of free trade areas are providing new impetus to its rise at systemic (global) and sub-systemic (regional) levels. The research objectives of ...the paper are to explore China's Free Trade Area strategy and its motivations and methods. It contributes to the scholarly discussion by analyzing China's Free Trade Area strategy in the greater picture of China's rise in the global power hierarchy and examining its global network of free trade areas in a comprehensive way. The paper finds that China's free trade areas provide a convenient path to increasing economic cooperation and trade between China and its partners. China is able to obtain growing benefits from its free trade areas by intensifying economic, and by extension, political relations with its global partners and create an environment conducive to its peaceful rise. The paper concludes that given the enormous benefits, China's partners gradually accept its concept of "peaceful rise" by viewing its rise as an "opportunity" for their growth. In this sense, China's Free Trade Area strategy and its network of free trade areas may help China reap not only economic but also geopolitical interest.
Although they produced vastly more turmoil, the uprisings in the Arab world shared many characteristics with other early 21st-century popular protests on both the left and the right, from Spain’s ...Indignados and Occupy Wall Street to the anti-elite votes for Brexit and Trump. The conviction that political elites and the states they rule, which were once responsible for welfare and development, now ignore and demean the interests and concerns of ordinary citizens takes many forms, but is virtually universal. The Arab world was only one site of this discontent, but the story of the Arab Spring insurrections provides a cautionary illustration of the perils in abdication of political authority and accountability and provokes questions about how we understand historical moments when passions outstrip interests.
Aspects of the political economy of the policy of economic sanctions are addressed. Given the fact that decisions taken in both sender and target countries depend on the interaction of numerous ...groups of political and economic agents, sanctions research can be productive only if such behavior is explicitly modelled given the objective functions and institutional context they face. It is shown that the political economy approach can help resolve a number of paradoxes common in sanctions research, i.e., paradoxes related to the inefficiency of sanctions, a pro-conflict reaction to sanctions by target countries, escalation of inefficient sanctions by sender countries, and retaliatory measures. Analysis shows that escalation of economic sanctions against the Russian Federation cannot shift the country’s foreign policy in the direction preferred by the sender countries. On the contrary, higher sanction costs for the Russian economy fuel domestic political support for current foreign policy decisions. Consequently, conflict resolution should rely upon multilateral political dialogue rather than economic sanctions.
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