With this contribution (which is designed as a positioning), the author pleads for a more consistent consideration of structural influences in the discussion of mortality in (textbook) population ...geography, and for a critical discussion of these influences. He refers to various conceptions that already have fixed places in human geography – but not in population geography – and that offer starting points for corresponding discussions.
Re-thinking residential mobility Coulter, Rory; Ham, Maarten van; Findlay, Allan M.
Progress in human geography,
06/2016, Letnik:
40, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
While researchers are increasingly re-conceptualizing international migration, far less attention has been devoted to re-thinking short-distance residential mobility and immobility. In this paper we ...harness the life course approach to propose a new conceptual framework for residential mobility research. We contend that residential mobility and immobility should be re-conceptualized as relational practices that link lives through time and space while connecting people to structural conditions. Re-thinking and re-assessing residential mobility by exploiting new developments in longitudinal analysis will allow geographers to understand, critique and address pressing societal challenges.
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is an important grain and forage crop grown across the US. In some areas, sorghum can become feral along roadsides and other ruderal areas, as a result of seed spill during ...harvest or transport. In some of these situations, feral sorghum grows in or near established johnsongrass (S. halepense) populations. Johnsongrass, a wild relative of sorghum and an incredibly noxious weed, is capable of hybridizing with cultivated sorghum. Because commercial hybrid sorghum cultivars are produced with cytoplasmic male sterility, progeny of the hybrid crop which compose the founder feral populations also segregate for male sterility. Consequently, male sterility in feral sorghum may increase the risk of outcrossing with johnsongrass. Using field surveys and spatial modelling, the present study aimed at documenting the occurrence of feral sorghum and understanding the anthropogenic and environmental factors that influence its distribution. Further, this research documented the sympatry of feral sorghum and johnsongrass in the roadside habitat. A total of 2077 sites were visited during a systematic field survey conducted in fall 2014 in South Texas. Feral sorghum and johnsongrass were found in 360 and 939 sites, while the species co-existed at 48 sites (2.3% of all surveyed sites). The binary logistic analysis showed a significant association between the presence of feral sorghum and road type, road body-type, micro-topography of the sampling site, nearby land use, and the presence of johnsongrass, but no association with the distance to the nearest grain sorting facility. The probability of finding feral sorghum away from johnsongrass patches was generally higher than finding them co-occur in the same location. A probability map for spatial distribution of feral sorghum was developed using the nearby land use type and the regional habitat suitability for johnsongrass as two key predictors. Overall, results show that feral sorghum and johnsongrass co-occur at low frequencies in the roadside habitats of South Texas, but these low levels still present a significant opportunity for hybridization between the two species outside of cultivated fields.
Black women are three to four times more likely to die during childbirth than white women. Research in population geography and demography highlight factors such as educational background or access ...to health services as social determinants of fertility, to better understand these reproductive inequalities. Notwithstanding these determinants are key causes for reproductive outcomes, the question of how these determinants are embedded in global power relations remains mainly unresolved. As a feminist science intervention, this article develops two impetuses for a power-sensitive, intersectional knowledge production in the field of population geographies. Therefore, the article cursorily refers to current activist protests in the name of reproductive justice, a concept developed by black feminists in the US. It argues that a multi-scalar analysis of reproductive relations helps to shift the focus from the demographic question „who is born?“ to „how are life chances unevenly distributed?“.
Reproductive justice suggests that smaller scales such as the body or the
womb constitute helpful analytical entry points to disentangle the powerful
webs, within which reproductive outcomes are embedded. Finally, the article
outlines a future research design towards geographies of reproductive
justice.
This research presents a new "intelligent" dasymetric mapping technique (IDM), which combines an analyst's domain knowledge with a data-driven methodology to specify the functional relationship of ...the ancillary classes with the underlying statistical surface being mapped. The data-driven component of IDM employs a flexible empirical sampling approach to acquire information on the data densities of individual ancillary classes, and it uses the ratio of class densities to redistribute population to sub-source zone areas. A summary statistics table characterizing the resulting dasymetric map can be used to compare the quality of the output of different IDM parameterizations. A case study of four population variables is used to demonstrate IDM and provide a visual and quantitative error assessment comparing various IDM parameterizations with areal weighting and conventional "binary" dasymetric mapping. Intelligent dasymetric mapping outperforms areal weighting, and certain IDM parameterizations outperform binary dasymetric mapping.
Abstract
Various significant anniversaries for population geography as a recognisable subdiscipline fall round about now, in 2023, serving as fitting prompts for reflecting upon its character, ...history and possible futures. This paper offers such a reflection, taking an interview transcript between the two authors as its basis, the format here offering a directness of address not always possible in standard academic papers. Arguments are advanced about widening the focus of the subdiscipline, centring on the complexity of what is taken to constitute a ‘population’ and its ‘demographics’—asking about who and what is being counted, how and why—and considering the many ways in which matters of geography, space and place enter into the ‘biopolitics’ of life and death, nurturance and eradication, survival and abandonment, inclusion and exclusion. Concurrently, claims are made about the value of being outward‐looking, drawing on diverse philosophies, theories, literatures and insights only fleetingly represented in the subdiscipline to date. More specifically, the paper is rooted in one author's intensive use of the present journal,
Population, Space and Place
, for undergraduate teaching, with commentary and scholarly endnotes (cross‐referencing past contributions to the journal) demonstrating the journal generative role in the past, present and future of population geography.
•The adaptation concept is booming in the climate change literature.•How vulnerability is conceived influences how adaptation is conceived.•The hazards school’s notion of adaptation as adjustment ...dominates the literature.•Political economic views of adaptation as transformation have been less influential.•The adaptation debate underscores the politics of vulnerability and risk analysis.
This paper reflects on the resurgence and meaning of the adaptation concept in the current climate change literature. We explore the extent to which the early political economic critique of the adaptation concept has influenced how it is used in this literature. That is, has the current conceptualization been enriched by the political economic critique of the 1970s and 1980s and thus represent something new? Or is the concept used in a way today that echoes previous debates; that is, is this a déjà vu experience? To answer this question, we review the early political economic critique of the natural hazards school’s interpretations of vulnerability and adaptation. We then examine the revival of the adaptation concept in the climate change literature and discuss its main interpretations. For the purposes of this paper, the climate change literature encompasses the four IPCC reports and adaptation-focused articles in four scholarly journals: Global Environmental Change, Climatic Change, Climate and Development, and Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change. Our content analysis shows the dominance (70%) of “adjustment adaptation” approaches, which view climate impacts as the main source of vulnerability. A much smaller percentage (3%) of articles focus on the social roots of vulnerability and the necessity for political–economic change to achieve “transformative adaptation.” A larger share (27%) locates risk in both society and the biophysical hazard. It promotes “reformist adaptation,” typically through “development,” to reduce vulnerability within the prevailing system. We conclude with a discussion of continuity and change in the conceptualization of adaptation, and point to new research directions.
Everyday terrorism Pain, Rachel
Progress in human geography,
08/2014, Letnik:
38, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This paper remaps the geographies of terrorism. Everyday terrorism (domestic violence) and global terrorism are related attempts to exert political control through fear. Geographical research on ...violence neatly reflects the disproportionate recognition and resourcing that global terrorism receives from the state. The paper explores the parallels, shared foundations and direct points of connection between everyday and global terrorisms. It does so across four interrelated themes: multiscalar politics and securities, fear and trauma, public recognition and recovery, and the inequitable nature of counter-terrorisms. It concludes with implications for addressing terrorisms and for future research.
The article considers in detail the stages of formation and establishment of geodemography as a modern scientific direction of population geography. At the first stage, the central place in the ...system of knowledge about population belongs to demography. At the second stage, the interaction of demography with neighboring sciences, in particular with geography, is strengthened. At their junction, a new discipline is being formed – the geography of the population. At the third stage, a new direction of population geography is formed, focused on the study of regional differeces in population and settlement, and the development of regional demographic policy, which we call geodemography.
PDF
