The unprecedented changes in our society because of COVID-19 and the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) shows that our healthcare system and the medical approach to psychotherapy can no longer meet ...the mental health needs of society. This paper first described the negative impact of COVID-19 and 4IR on our mental health. Then, following a brief critique of the medical model, this paper proposes that the future of psychotherapy needs to be based on the more inclusive and integrative framework of existential positive psychology (PP 2.0), which emphasizes flourishing through suffering. Finally, the paper emphasizes Viktor Frankl's cure and Wong's integrative meaning therapy. It concludes that integrative meaning therapy represents the future of psychotherapy, because it is situated in the area of interactions of at least three traditions: Clinical psychology, existential psychology, and positive psychology. This integrative model is holistic, recognising humans as bio-psycho-social-spiritual beings and considers several theoretical perspectives in both diagnosis and treatment.
The global COVID-19 pandemic has created a crisis of suffering. We conceptualize suffering as a deeply existential issue that fundamentally changes people indelible ways and for which there are no ...easy solutions. To better understand its effects and how people can flourish in the midst of this crisis, we formally introduce and elaborate on an Existential Positive Psychology Model of Suffering (EPPMS) and apply that to the COVID-19 global pandemic. Our model has three core propositions: (a) suffering reveals existential concerns, (b) existential anxiety impairs one's ability to find meaning, and (c) cultivating meaning is the primary way to address suffering and allay existential anxiety, eventually leading to flourishing (and potentially growth). We apply this model to the COVID-19 pandemic, including how to build meaning, and discuss clinical implications.
El estado de la cuestión del optimismo en el deporte Francisco Batista Espinosa; Roberto Ruiz Barquín; Ricardo dela Vega Marcos
Revista de Psicología Aplicada al Deporte y al Ejercicio Físico (Online),
06/2022, Letnik:
7, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
El optimismo es un recurso psicológico positivo que tiene una gran relevancia en cuanto a que es una variable predictora de buena salud, mejores conductas adaptativas de afrontamiento ante eventos ...estresantes, menor vulnerabilidad a enfermedades físicas, mejor funcionamiento inmunológico y mejor rendimiento académico y deportivo. En concreto en el ámbito deportivo, se encuentra que los deportistas son más optimistas que los no deportistas, tienen menos ansiedad estado-rasgo y mayor autoconfianza, así como mayor percepción de logro personal en su rendimiento y menos agotamiento emocional. Por todo esto, el optimismo es una variable predictora de éxito deportivo y se conforma con un recurso psicológico destacado para ser estudiado por su alto poder predictivo de cara al bienestar psicológico de población general y de deportistas. A lo largo del crecimiento de la psicología positiva, se han desarrollado varios instrumentos para su evaluación, presentando la mayoría de ellos, limitaciones a nivel metodológico y teórico. En concreto en el ámbito deportivo, se estudia el LOT-Sport (LOT-S) que presenta las mismas limitaciones que su test homónimo para población general (LOT-R), inadecuada validez de contenido y bajos e inestable índice de fiabilidad, sobre todo en población joven. Teniendo en cuenta este contexto se propone la creación de nuevas medidas que vayan orientadas en la línea de paliar las limitaciones de los instrumentos actuales y de optimizar la medición del optimismo, potenciando su validez de constructo y contemplando diferentes enfoques o modelos teóricos análogos a los utilizados hoy en día. Para así, poder delimitar y definir con la mayor especificidad posible, el estudio de un recurso psicológico positivo que tiene un potente poder predictivo en el éxito deportivo y bienestar de las personas.
The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a gratitude intervention on a community sample of adults in relation to aspects involving well-being and mental health.
A randomized clinical ...trial was conducted with 1,337 participants, composed of an intervention group (Gratitude group,
= 446), and two control groups (Hassles group,
= 444 and Neutral Events group,
= 447). Participants assigned to the intervention condition were asked to write daily gratitude lists for 14 days, listing moments they had been grateful for during the day. The outcomes analyzed were affect, depression, happiness and life satisfaction. Participants completed the positive affect and negative affect schedule (PANAS), center for epidemiological studies depression scale (CES-D), subjective happiness scale (SHS), and satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) three times: pre- and post-intervention and at 14 days after the end of the intervention. Due to attrition, the number of participants analyzed was 410.
Before the intervention, the groups did not differ in any of the variables examined, and loss to follow-up was random among the three groups. The gratitude intervention managed to increase positive affect, subjective happiness and life satisfaction, and reduce negative affect and depression symptoms. This change was greater than the changes in the control groups in relation to positive affect. In the other outcomes analyzed, similar changes were observed in the gratitude intervention and the neutral events intervention.
Some similarities were found between the Gratitude and the Neutral Events groups probably because participants in the last group usually recorded positive events from their days on the lists, turning it into an activity very similar to that proposed to the gratitude group. Some limitations of the study are discussed, such as the high dropout rate for self-performed online interventions. It is necessary to investigate which characteristics of an intervention ensure better results when the intervention is performed online.
The study is registered in the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry, under No. RBR-9j9myd. Trial URL: http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-9j9myd/.
Background: This study aims to examine the effectiveness of flourishing training based on positive psychology on the anxiety and depression of female gifted students. Methods: This is a ...quasi-experimental study using a pre-test/post-test design a control group. Participants were 50 female gifted students in Torbat-e Heydariyeh, Iran. They were randomly divided into two groups of training (n=25) and control (n=25). For the training group, flourishing training was presented at 14 sessions of 60 minutes, while the control group did not receive any education. The 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale was used for collecting data. Data were analyzed in SPSS v 26 software using ANCOVA. Results: The results showed that the effect of flourishing training on anxiety (F=206.1, P<0.001) and depression (F=42.96, P<0.001) was significant. Flourishing training reduced anxiety and depression in the training group compared to the control group. Conclusion: Flourishing training based on positive psychology can be effective in reducing anxiety and depression in female gifted students.
A decade of research has produced substantial results but the theorization of memorable tourism experience, often drawing on positive and environmental psychology, remains fuzzy and fragmented. ...Adopting state‐of‐the art practices, this study systematically reviews, synthesizes, and integrates the extant body of knowledge across multiple literature streams on memorable tourism experience. Our review indicates that research in this field has a geographical bias, largely neglects negative experiences, and mainly employs quantitative methods. We identify several gaps in the literature and propose the following seven recommendations for future research: (1) caution when using the memorable tourism experience scale; (2) the need for cross‐cultural studies; (3) positive and negative dimensions in conceptualizing memorable tourism experience; (4) overcoming the limitations of self‐report measures; (5) engaging in mixed methods research; (6) integrating suppliers' perspectives; and (7) combining theories, concepts, and disciplines. This study serves as a foundation for researchers and provides a holistic understanding of memorable tourism experience.
Recent advances in the science of meaning in life have taught us a great deal about the nature of the experience of meaning in life, its antecedents and consequences, and its potential functions. ...Conclusions based on self-report measures of meaning in life indicate that, as might be expected, it is associated with many aspects of positive functioning. However, this research also indicates that the experience of meaning in life may come from unexpectedly quotidian sources, including positive mood and coherent life experiences. Moreover, the experience of meaning in life may be quite a bit more commonplace than is often portrayed. Attending to the emerging science of meaning in life suggests not only potentially surprising conclusions but new directions for research on this important aspect of well-being.
The past years have seen a growing interest in the study of positive psychology interventions. Meta-analytic evidence suggests that they are effective in enhancing happiness and ameliorating ...depression. However, far less is known on why and how they work. We test two proposed working mechanisms: An attentional shift to the positive, and savoring positive emotions. The proposed mechanisms are tested by manipulating the time focus (past, present, or future) in the instruction of a one-week online humor-based positive intervention (three funny things). A sample of 695 adults was randomly assigned to one of the intervention condition or a placebo control condition. All three variants were effective in enhancing happiness and ameliorating depressive symptoms from pre- to post-intervention compared to the placebo control condition. As expected, the present variant was associated with both mechanisms, while the past variant was more strongly associated with the savoring mechanism, and the future variant more strongly with the attentional shift mechanism. This initial study provides first support for the potential working mechanisms of effective positive interventions.
•Research interest in positive psychology interventions increases steadily.•Basic working mechanisms are less well-studied.•Instructions for a humor-based activity were altered (past, present, future).•Manipulation allows disentangling an attentional shift and savoring mechanism.•Interventions triggering more than one mechanism are more effective.
Seligman recently introduced the PERMA model with five core elements of psychological well-being: positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment. We empirically tested this ...multidimensional theory with 516 Australian male students (age 13-18). From an extensive well-being assessment, we selected a subset of items theoretically relevant to PERMA. Factor analyses recovered four of the five PERMA elements, and two ill-being factors (depression and anxiety). We then explored the nomological net surrounding each factor by examining cross-sectional associations with life satisfaction, hope, gratitude, school engagement, growth mindset, spirituality, physical vitality, physical activity, somatic symptoms, and stressful life events. Factors differentially related to these correlates, offering support for the multidimensional approach to measuring well-being. Directly assessing subjective well-being across multiple domains offers the potential for schools to more systematically understand and promote well-being.
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