The paper establishes a correlation between nihilism and history from the premise of the end of metaphysics in the age of the technosphere. In presenting the genealogy of the postmodern turn in ...contemporary philosophical thinking, the author critically deals with Vattimo’s thesis that Heidegger’s notion of overcoming metaphysics (Verwindung) is the key to understanding postmodernity. Despite its close proximity to Nietzsche and Heidegger, it is undeniable that the main notion must be derived from late Wittgenstein’s thinking, as Lyotard did in his analysis of the “postmodern condition”. It is a notion of “language games” that introduces into consideration the relationship between the pragmatics of knowledge, the performativity of language and the event horizon. In this way, it will be shown that postmodernity cannot be any “new” epoch but rather a re-actualization of the condition determined by the rule of technoscience, cybernetics and plural patterns of culture in post-industrial society. Based on his previous analyses of this problem, collected in the books The Postmodern Game of the World, Identity Politics, The Posthuman Condition, and Technosphere I–V, the author believes that only extensive analysis and interpretation of Lyotard’s premises allows one to reach the right philosophical path to the answer to the question of the essence of nihilism in the face of Being, and the technosphere as computation, planning, and construction of the inhuman. In contemporary times, what is left of postmodernity is neither “telling stories” about the stylistic tendencies of the modern and neomodern, the avant-garde and the neo-avant-garde, nor, more so, the conflict of the universality and particularity of society and culture. All that remains is the feature of the unwavering “fate” of this nihilism of the technosphere: from the postmodern condition to the posthuman condition, thought is confronted with the challenge of an event that goes beyond anything seen in the history of Western metaphysics. When the image precedes the language and the writing to speaking, we find ourselves in a closed circle of turns and reversals of metaphysics. It is time to step out of this “vicious circle” in which the living becomes non-living, the Being becomes the information, the system of objects replaces society, and the human-too-human with inhuman as such.
Imenica shimu (师母, u prijevodu učiteljeva supruga) u kineskom jeziku definira se kao tzv. honorifik (chengwei yu,称谓语) i jedna je od mnogih koje se koriste u akademskom i obrazovnom kontekstu ...općenito. Ovu riječ analiziramo kroz kinesku filologiju (wenzi xue, 文字学), odnosno znanost o pisanome jeziku i znakovima te kroz antropološku lingvistiku. Uporaba honorifika u kineskoj kulturi zasniva se na kineskom poimanju uljudnosti te na konfucijanskoj filozofiji i shvaćanju hijerarhije u kineskom društvu. Zatim se ukratko osvrćemo na pragmatične i antropolingvističke informacije u svezi s uporabom honorifika shimu (师母),
koje je važno usvojiti pri učenju kineskoga jezika kao stranoga, a od kojih su neke prenosive i na uporabu honorifika u kineskom jeziku uopćeno, te na istraživanja o ovom honorifiku u kineskoj kulturi i tradiciji, te u modernom kineskom društvu (posebno u kontekstu uporabe rodno-osjetljivoga jezika). Na kraju dajemo i kratku analizu učestalosti uporabe honorifika shimu, zasnovane na primjerima iz suvremenoga kineskog korpusa BCC, koji je razvilo Sveučilište za jezik i kulturu u Pekingu.
U radu se skicira moguće područje preklapanja stilistike i pragmatike kako bi se oblikovao novi hermeneutički model za interpretaciju lirskoga teksta. Na početku se nude osnovne infomacije o ...pragmatici kao disciplini, njezinim začetnicima (H. P. Griceu i J. L. Austinu) i temeljnim konceptima (deiksi i govornim činovima) iz kojih se derivira opća teza o performativnosti književnoga diskurza (Sh. Felman) s kojom je povezana i performativna hipoteza na kojoj se ustrojava lirska komunikacija (S. Levin). U središnjem dijelu rada nudi se pragmastilističko čitanje pjesme Kad mi svega bude dosta Ivana Slamniga. Pjesmu se najprije smješta u kontekst Slamnigova lirskog opusa te krugovaške poetike, a potom se izdvajaju i opisuju njezina osnovna stilska obilježja: prividna „lakoća” i komunikativnost, utjecaj ‘kolokvijalnog’ stila, uredna i simetrična kompozicija, metrički i versifikacijski postupci (trohejski osmerac, leoninska rima, izosilabičnost). Teza od koje analiza polazi jest da pjesma, koja se na prvi pogled čini pristupačnom i razumljivom, iz pragmastilističke perspektive izgleda bitno drukčije: njezina se „lakoća” pokazuje kao iluzija jer lirski subjekt specifičnim jezičnim i stilskim izborima (govornim činovima komisivima, specifičnom upotrebom deikse, foričkim odnosima i glagolskim vremenima) otežava (čak opstruira) lirsku komunikaciju. Interpretacija je stoga ponajviše usredotočena na autoreferencijalnost i performativnost Slamnigova pjesničkog diskurza nasuprot tradicionalnim konstativnim interpretacijama zaokupljenima dešifriranjem tekstualnih značenja
The paper sketches out the potential overlap of stylistics and pragmatics in order to come up with a new hermeneutic model for the interpretation of a lyrical text. The introduction lays down the basic information on pragmatics as a discipline, its founders (H. P. Grice and J. L. Austin) and its main concepts (deixis and speech acts) from which a general hypothesis of the performativity of literary discourse (Sh. Felman) is derived as well as the performative hypothesis (S. Levin) upon which literary communication is built. The central part of the paper offers the pragmastylistic reading of Ivan Slamnig’s poem Kad mi svega bude dosta. The poem is first put in the context of Slamnig’s poetry and then subjected to the stylistic analysis of its main features: the apparent ”lightness” and communicativeness, the influence of the ”colloquial” style, a neat and symmetrical composition, metrical procedures (trochaic tetrameter, internal rhyme, isosyllabic verse). The main hypothesis upon which interpretation is built is that the poem, which at the first glance appears easily accessible and comprehensible, when approached from the pragmastylistic perspective, seems quite different: its ”lightness” is unmasked as an illusion due to the fact that the lyrical subject makes specific linguistic and stylistic choices (commissive speech acts and deixis) in order to obstruct lyrical communication. The interpretation thus primarily focuses on the self-reflexivity and performativity of Slamnig’s poetic discourse to distinguish itself from traditional constative interpretations which dwell on deciphering the poem’s textual meanings
This textbook series provides advanced introductions to the main areas of study in contemporary Applied Linguistics, with a principal focus on the theory and practice of language teaching and ...language learning and on the processes and problems of language in use.
This book contains a collection of ten chapters by philosophers and linguists on how semantics and pragmatics relate to one another. Some discuss the distinction directly; others approach it ...indirectly by arguing for specific semantic or pragmatic treatments of linguistic phenomena in the twilight zone, such as focus, presupposition, or anaphora.
The characteristics of verbal communication, nonverbal communication, and pragmatics are largely determined by the culture and social expectations of a particular society. The evaluation of ...communication features is important in the diagnostics of numerous developmental disorders, particularly autism spectrum disorder, and in recent years the need for the cultural adaptation of both screening and diagnostics scales for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is emphasized. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of verbal communication, nonverbal communication, and pragmatics in Croatian typically developing preschool children (5- and 6-year-olds), and code them according to the American scale Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2, module 3). The results showed that Croatian preschool children show typical features of verbal communication (characteristics of language production and speech), but show some atypical features in non-verbal communication, and, to a large extent, atypical features of pragmatics. The differences are mostly noticed in the amount of spontaneous use of gestures and all pragmatics variables that take into account the amount of initiatives in communication (e.g., spontaneously asking for information or giving information). For example, only 15% of the children in the sample requested information at a frequency that is expected by code 0 (typical behavior) of ADOS-2. Although significant individual differences were observed among the children, the amount of “deviating” behavioral characteristics of non-verbal communication and pragmatics emphasizes the need to review the set of codes and adjust criteria in different cultures.
Charles Peirce, the founder of pragmatism, was a thinker of extraordinary depth and range - he wrote on philosophy, mathematics, psychology, physics, logic, phenomenology, semiotics, religion and ...ethics - but his writings are difficult and fragmentary. This book provides a clear and comprehensive explanation of Peirce's thought. His philosophy is presented as a systematic response to 'nominalism', the philosophy which he most despised and which he regarded as the underpinning of the dominant philosophical worldview of his time. The book explains Peirce's challenge to nominalism as a theory of meaning and shows its implications for his views of knowledge, truth, the nature of reality, and ethics. It will be essential reading both for Peirce scholars and for those new to his work.
Monografie Pragmatika v cetine se z hlediska ceského jazyka zabývá jevy, pro které se v lingvistice vilo souhrnné oznacení pragmatika". Oproti 1. vydání (Olomouc 2006, ji nekolik let rozebráno) ...obsahuje nove vymezené teoretické stanovisko (tzv. umírnená pragmatika) a nove koncipované tematické okruhy. Poprvé pro cetinu je zde zpracována problematika casové a prostorové deixe, v rámci kapitoly o recových / mluvních aktech se nove probírá podstata tzv. performativnosti, teorie implikatur rovne bere v úvahu témata prezentovaná v ceské lingvistice poprvé. Pozornost je venována také novému vývoji v teorii ne/zdvorilosti a metapragmatice. Okruhy jsou usporádány tak, aby na sebe pohledy na pragmatické jevy pokud mono smysluplne navazovaly a postupne se na sebe vrstvily. Jde o první a dosud jedinou soustavnou pragmatiku cetiny v ceské lingvistice.
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