U radu se na pragmatičko-semantičkoj razini istražuje prividno nereferencijalna uporaba zamjeničke imenice čovjek i zamjenice man u funkciji subjekta za izražavanje neodređene osobnosti u hrvatskom i ...njemačkom jeziku. Prividno nereferencijalna uporaba navedenih izraza podrazumijeva njihovu uporabu u situacijama kada se isti referiraju na konkretne, ali prikrivene referente, neovisno o njihovu spolu. Cilj je rada prikazati na koji način takva uporaba subjektivne perspektive govornika može biti zamijenjena objektivn(ij)om te koje su pragmatičke implikacije takve zamjene. Metodologija rada uključuje analizu primjera prividno nerefencijalne uporabe zamjeničke imenice čovjek i zamjenice man na građi koja je ekscerpirana iz hrvatskih i njemačkih tiskovina (Jutarnji list, Večernji list, 24 sata, Spiegel, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Süddeutsche Zeitung), iz pripovjetke Das Verbrechen (Grijeh) Mele Hartwig i romana Na rubu pameti Miroslava Krleže. Analizirani primjeri uporabe kategoriziraju se sukladno vlastitoj dvojnoj tipologiji i pristupu temi prividne nereferencijalnosti. Rezultati analize pokazuju da prividno nereferencijalna uporaba izraza čovjek i man može predstavljati snažan mehanizam provedbe strategije imunizacije subjekta (govornika, činitelja, doživljača, pisca, odnosno naratora), koji stječe imunitet tako što se distancira od svog iskaza, odmiče od vlastitog iskustva uopćavajući ga, prikriva egocentričnost te neizravno pomiče svoju odgovornost na druge kolektivne entitete.
U ovom radu se na temelju više tekstova Berislava Žarnića iz filozofije prava i općenito studija normativnih sustava rekonstruira njegova pozicija u odnosu na dominantne poglede na modeliranje ...normativnih sustava te očuvanje njihove stabilnosti (konzistentnosti). Polazište je rada ono o jedinstvenosti Žarnićeva pristupa u domaćoj (formalno-pragmatički pristup) filozofiji prava (ali i inozemnoj), i to bez pretenzija na tvrdnju o cjelovitosti njegove pravnofilozofske koncepcije.
In this paper views held by Berislav Žarnić in philosophy of law are reconstructed on the basis of several of his works in philosophy of law and his general study of normative systems. These views are contrasted to dominant views on modelling normative systems and preservation of their stability (consistency). Starting point of this paper is one on uniqueness of Žarnić’s approach within domestic philosophy of law (formal pragmatic approach), but also within international setting, however without any pretension to claim completeness of Žarnić’ s account of philosophy of law.
Razzprava izpostavi epistemološka vprašanja, ki zastavljajo, če skušamo artikulirati bahtinovsko problematiko tujega govora v znanostih o jeziku. Osredotoči se na vidikih, ki problematizirajo ...neopozitivistično formulacijo razmerja med semantiko in pragmatiko.
A Linguistic Handbook of French for Translators and Language Students offers the reader an in-depth contrastive study of French and English based on recent theories of linguistics and discourse ...analysis.
A feltételes, valamint a megengedő/ellentétes jelentéstartalom
rendszeres funkcionális alternatíváiként terjedtek el a 16. századtól (a
középmagyar korszak sajátosságaként) a határozói igeneves ...szerkezetek. A
variáció szintaktikai és pragmatikai természetűnek bizonyult.
Megvizsgálandó, hogy milyen külső tényezők hathattak az újabb variáns
választására. Jelen tanulmány annak vizsgálatához járul hozzá, hogy a közös
regiszterbe tartozó írásokban egységesebb lehet-e az innovatív variánsok
használata a szöveghagyomány részévé válva, vagy pedig a formálisabb
művekben – ezúttal a korszak gyakorlati, magyarázó jellegű szövegtípusaiban
– több egyéni, stílusbeli sajátosság mutatkozik, az élőnyelvközeli
forrásokhoz képest szélsőségesebb arányokkal. Az eredmények az utóbbit
erősítik meg, ahogy azt is, hogy az egyes regiszterek meghatározásának
finomhangolására szükség lehet, figyelembe véve a szövegtípus célkitűzését,
a leírások, magyarázatok felépítésének különbségeit is.
As variables for ’if’ (and ’although’) clauses, the conditional (and
concessive) function of adverbial participle constructions was spreading
from the 16th century – turning into one of the characteristics of the
Middle Hungarian Period. This variation had both syntactic and pragmatic
nature. The external factors that may have an effect on the diffusion of
the new variant still need to be explored. The present paper investigates
whether a group of texts show a more stable use of the innovative variant
(emerging to a traditional feature of the text type itself), or more formal
registers – in this case expository texts, such as collections of culinary
and medical recipes of the period – may advance more the spread of variants
with larger individual differences than informal, speech-related registers.
The analysis confirms the latter hypothesis, also that it is necessary to
fine-tune the definition of a particular register, considering the
differences in the aims and inner structures of the text types.
According to the dominant position among philosophers of language today, we can legitimately ascribe determinate contents (such as truth-conditions) to natural language sentences, independently of ...what the speaker actually means. This view contrasts with that held by ordinary language philosophers fifty years ago: according to them, speech acts, not sentences, are the primary bearers of content. François Recanati argues for the relevance of this controversy to the current debate about semantics and pragmatics. Is 'what is said' (as opposed to merely implied) determined by linguistic conventions, or is it an aspect of 'speaker's meaning'? Do we need pragmatics to fix truth-conditions? What is 'literal meaning'? To what extent is semantic composition a creative process? How pervasive is context-sensitivity? Recanati provides an original and insightful defence of 'contextualism', and offers an informed survey of the spectrum of positions held by linguists and philosophers working at the semantics/pragmatics interface.
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