Energy Systems Engineering is one of the most exciting and fastest growing fields in engineering. Modeling and simulation plays a key role in Energy Systems Engineering because it is the primary ...basis on which energy system design, control, optimization, and analysis are based. This book contains a specially curated collection of recent research articles on the modeling and simulation of energy systems written by top experts around the world from universities and research labs, such as Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Yale University, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, National Energy Technology Laboratory of the US Department of Energy, University of Technology Sydney, McMaster University, Queens University, Purdue University, the University of Connecticut, Technical University of Denmark, the University of Toronto, Technische Universität Berlin, Texas A&M, the University of Pennsylvania, and many more. The key research themes covered include energy systems design, control systems, flexible operations, operational strategies, and systems analysis. The addressed areas of application include electric power generation, refrigeration cycles, natural gas liquefaction, shale gas treatment, concentrated solar power, waste-to-energy systems, micro-gas turbines, carbon dioxide capture systems, energy storage, petroleum refinery unit operations, Brayton cycles, to name but a few.
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•A survey of the state-of-the-art process systems engineering (PSE) approaches for process intensification.•An overview of the development of various process intensification ...technologies.•Survey of recent advances in modeling, design, and synthesis of intensified systems.•Assessment methods for the controllability/operability/safety performance of intensified process systems.
Process intensification offers the potential to drastically reduce the energy consumption and cost of producing chemicals from both bulk and distributed feedstocks. This review article aims to offer an extensive survey on state-of-the-art process systems engineering (PSE) approaches for process intensification. From both academic and industrial perspectives, this paper provides an overview of the development of various process intensification technologies, specifically those under the categories of separation, reaction, hybrid reaction/separation, and alternative energy sources. A current status analysis in the areas of modeling and simulation is then provided. An indicative list of PSE publications specialized on process intensification is presented to illustrate the progresses made so far towards the deployment of novel process intensification technologies. We also highlight some recent advances for the modeling, design, and synthesis of intensified systems, as well as for the assessment of their controllability/operability/safety performance. Key open questions in these areas include: (i) how to systematically derive intensified designs, and (ii) how to ensure the operability and optimality of the derived intensified structures while delivering their expected functionality.
Negative Binomial Process Count and Mixture Modeling Zhou, Mingyuan; Carin, Lawrence
IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence,
2015-Feb., 2015-Feb, 2015-2-00, 20150201, Letnik:
37, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The seemingly disjoint problems of count and mixture modeling are united under the negative binomial (NB) process. A gamma process is employed to model the rate measure of a Poisson process, whose ...normalization provides a random probability measure for mixture modeling and whose marginalization leads to an NB process for count modeling. A draw from the NB process consists of a Poisson distributed finite number of distinct atoms, each of which is associated with a logarithmic distributed number of data samples. We reveal relationships between various count- and mixture-modeling distributions and construct a Poisson-logarithmic bivariate distribution that connects the NB and Chinese restaurant table distributions. Fundamental properties of the models are developed, and we derive efficient Bayesian inference. It is shown that with augmentation and normalization, the NB process and gamma-NB process can be reduced to the Dirichlet process and hierarchical Dirichlet process, respectively. These relationships highlight theoretical, structural, and computational advantages of the NB process. A variety of NB processes, including the beta-geometric, beta-NB, marked-beta-NB, marked-gamma-NB and zero-inflated-NB processes, with distinct sharing mechanisms, are also constructed. These models are applied to topic modeling, with connections made to existing algorithms under Poisson factor analysis. Example results show the importance of inferring both the NB dispersion and probability parameters.
•This paper analyzes the interconnection of fault detection and diagnosis, risk assessment and abnormal situation management.•The paper reviews the existing methods and models related to fault ...detection and diagnosis, abnormal situation management, and risk.•The paper also present authors’ thoughts on the research direction in the area of process safety in industrial 4.0.•This paper aims to serve as a road map for process safety research to enable safer and sustainable development.
Industry 4.0 provides substantial opportunities to ensure a safer environment through online monitoring, early detection of faults, and preventing the faults to failures transitions. Decision making is an important step in abnormal situation management. Assigning risk based on the consequences may provide additional information for abnormal situation management decisions to prevent the accident before it occurs. This paper analyzes the interconnections between the three essential aspects of process safety: fault detection and diagnosis (FDD), risk assessment (RA), and abnormal situation management (ASM) in the context of the current and next generation of process systems. The authors present their thoughts on research directions in process safety in Industry 4.0. This article aims to serve as a road map for the next generation of process safety research to enable safer and sustainable process operations and development.
The nature of nutrition Simpson, Stephen J; Simpson, Stephen J; Raubenheimer, David
2012., 20120722, 2012, 2012-07-22
eBook
Nutrition has long been considered more the domain of medicine and agriculture than of the biological sciences, yet it touches and shapes all aspects of the natural world. The need for nutrients ...determines whether wild animals thrive, how populations evolve and decline, and how ecological communities are structured.The Nature of Nutritionis the first book to address nutrition's enormously complex role in biology, both at the level of individual organisms and in their broader ecological interactions.
Stephen Simpson and David Raubenheimer provide a comprehensive theoretical approach to the analysis of nutrition--the Geometric Framework. They show how it can help us to understand the links between nutrition and the biology of individual animals, including the physiological mechanisms that determine the nutritional interactions of the animal with its environment, and the consequences of these interactions in terms of health, immune responses, and lifespan. Simpson and Raubenheimer explain how these effects translate into the collective behavior of groups and societies, and in turn influence food webs and the structure of ecosystems. Then they demonstrate how the Geometric Framework can be used to tackle issues in applied nutrition, such as the problem of optimizing diets for livestock and endangered species, and how it can also help to address the epidemic of human obesity and metabolic disease
Drawing on a wealth of examples from slime molds to humans,The Nature of Nutritionhas important applications in ecology, evolution, and physiology, and offers promising solutions for human health, conservation, and agriculture.
From local trial courts to the United States Supreme Court, judges' decisions affect the fates of individual litigants and the fate of the nation as a whole. Scholars have long discussed and debated ...explanations of judicial behavior. This book examines the major issues in the debates over how best to understand judicial behavior and assesses what we actually know about how judges decide cases. It concludes that we are far from understanding why judges choose the positions they take in court.
Lawrence Baum considers three issues in examining judicial behavior. First, the author considers the balance between the judges' interest in the outcome of particular cases and their interest in other goals such as personal popularity and lighter workloads. Second, Baum considers the relative importance of good law and good policy as bases for judges' choices. Finally Baum looks at the extent to which judges act strategically, choosing their own positions after taking into account the positions that their fellow judges and other policy makers might adopt. Baum argues that the evidence on each of these issues is inconclusive and that there remains considerable room for debate about the sources of judges' decisions. Baum concludes that this lack of resolution is not the result of weaknesses in the scholarship but from the difficulty in explaining human behavior. He makes a plea for diversity in research.
This book will be of interest to political scientists and scholars in law and courts as well as attorneys who are interested in understanding judges as decision makers and who want to understand what we can learn from scholarly research about judicial behavior.
Lawrence Baum is Professor of Political Science, Ohio State University.
This review addresses the most important results arising from the combination of multivariate curve resolution − alternating least-squares (MCR-ALS) with both spectroscopic and chromatographic data ...acquired throughout the real-time monitoring of the evolution of distinct multi-component processes. The word “process” should be interpreted as any event occurring in an evolving system, such as a (bio)chemical reaction, a physical transformation, or a chromatographic elution. This work aims to review the progress and evolving stages that took place in real-time process monitoring and control between the closely related process analytical chemistry (PAC) and process analytical technology (PAT), from the perspective of the utilization of spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques coupled to MCR-ALS. The selection of MCR-ALS model is eminently supported by the ability of its internal algorithms to provide uniquely resolved pure concentration profiles and spectral signatures of each involved components with physicochemical meaning regarding the in-situ monitored process, establishing the definite quality-by-design (QbD) approach. These chemically interpretable insights of evolving multi-component processes are attained after successful data decomposition of the full acquired signals with the aid of the so-called second-order advantage, even when handling first-order data. This data decomposition, carried out by using MCR-ALS, can assist process chemists, PAT scientists, analytical chemists, and process engineers in the implementation of productive pioneering modeling under both the PAC and PAT frameworks via real-time processing of workflow data acquired during the entire monitored process in order to gain in-depth process understanding. In this sense, emphasis is directed to significant advances reached at distinct fields, such as: i) the curing process of epoxy resins; ii) biodiesel production; iii) degradation and removal of high concern emerging contaminants in environmental samples; iv) pharmaceutical co-crystallization process; v) polymorphic phase transitions occurring during the processing/storage of solid dosage forms; vi) polymorphic transformations endured by a solid pharmaceutical drug during its dissolution process. The previously mentioned topics are addressed seeking to establish a well-defined state-of-the-art of the implemented approaches, which are expected to inspire future research trends in real-time process monitoring under the scope of the emerging digital manufacturing process, which is a declared milestone of the forthcoming Industry 4.0 or fourth industrial revolution.
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•MCR-ALS is applied to real-time process data, establishing a quality-by-design (QbD) approach.•PAC and PAT are differentially addressed on evolving multi-component processes.•MCR-ALS is properly initialized to extract uniquely resolved profiles of process events.•Reports integrating workflow data acquisition with MCR-ALS as PAC/PAT tools are critically reviewed.•PAC and PAT will be two sustaining pillars of the emerging digital manufacturing process.
Tunicate Eco‐Evo‐Devo laboratory in IMS‐METU Karahan, Arzu
Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000),
November 2023, 2023-Nov, 2023-11-00, 20231101, Letnik:
61, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Summary
I completed my undergraduate education in Atatürk University, Education Faculty, Biology Department. Then pursued my graduate education at the Biology Department of Mersin University. Both my ...master's and PhD theses were on the biological and population genetics features of various fish species. My initial encounter with tunicates dates back to my Postdoc at Israel Oceanographic and Limnologic Research Institute (IOLR) in 2011, where I was working on a DNA barcoding project. During that time, the entire institute was actively engaged in research on tunicates, and discussions during lunchtime often revolved around this fascinating group of organisms. Prof. Rinkevich usually only spoke seriously about tunicate biology but 1 day he told me “You know Botryllus schlosseri is riding horse in Black Sea coasts of Turkiye.” I was totally surprised and was trying to understand the meaning of this comment from a scientific perspective. He then showed me the picture of a B. schlosseri colony attached to a seahorse. Following several more Postdoc experiences, I began working as a Principal Investigator at Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University (IMS‐METU) in 2017. Since then, my team and I have been working on tunicate biodiversity, evolutionary biology, genomics, DNA barcoding, metabarcoding, metabolomics, whole‐body regeneration (WBR) and aging related pathways.
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