Quantitative evaluation of building technology Ginevicius, R; Podvezko, V; Andruskevicius, A
International journal of technology management,
01/2007, Letnik:
40, Številka:
1-3
Journal Article
Analiza kretanja rasadničke proizvodnje šumskog sadnog materijala doprinosi kvalitetnijem planiranju proizvodnog programa kao i radova u uzgajanju šuma. Dostupnost sadnog materijala ključna je za ...mnoge dionike šumarskog sektora kako u šumarskoj znanosti tako i u šumarskoj praksi. Hrvatski šumarski institut tijekom stručnog nadzora rasadničke proizvodnje, stavljanja na tržište i/ili kakvoće šumskog sadnog materijala sakuplja podatke o kretanju proizvodnje svih rasadnika u Republici Hrvatskoj. To je omogućilo statističku analizu proizvedenog šumskog sadnog materijala prema rasadnicima, vlasništvu i vrstama šumskog drveća u aktualnom petogodišnjem razdoblju. Cjelokupni pregledi i analize rasadničke proizvodnje tek su u manjoj mjeri dostupni posljednja tri desetljeća, a uočava se i nedostatak recentnih znanstvenih publikacija i aktivnije znanstveno-istraživačke djelatnosti. Ciljevi rada su: (I) dati pregled proizvodnje prema vrstama, vlasništvu te rasadniku; (II) utvrditi je li količinom i programom proizvodnja bjelogorice usklađena s rastućim potrebama u šumarskoj praksi i recentnim međunarodnim znanstvenim kretanjima; (III) dati opće preporuke za planiranje proizvodnog programa za bjelogorične vrste u Republici Hrvatskoj. Provedena analiza ukazuje na mali broj vrsta u proizvodnom programu (hrast kitnjak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.), hrast lužnjak (Quercus robur L.), obična bukva (Fagus sylvatica L.), poljski jasen (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.)), što ukazuje na sve veće oslanjanje prirodne obnove šuma na rasadničku proizvodnju, dok je neznatan udio ostalih vrsta u proizvodnji (manje od 5 %). Udio voćkarica, alohtonih vrsta (pa čak i onih visoko produktivnih i otpornijih prema različitim ugrozama u usporedbi s domaćim vrstama) te pionirskih vrsta koje se koriste za rastuće potrebe biološke sanacije je nizak. Ističe se i važnost kvalitetnog šumskog sjemena kao preduvjeta za uspješnu rasadničku proizvodnju, kao i odabira optimalnih vrsta, provenijencija i karakteristika sadnog materijala. Potrebno je uskladiti proizvodni program s novim izazovima i ugrozama koji stoje pred šumarskim sektorom i šumama u Republici Hrvatskoj. Program treba uskladiti i s međunarodnim, znanstvenim i stručnim kretanjima i politikama Europske Unije, kao i bolje osigurati šumski sadni materijal za druge grane privrede. Karakter suvremenih šumskouzgojnih rješenja mora odražavati brzinu i učinkovitost provođenja zahvata, jer sve učestalije i intenzivnije prirodne nepogode, imaju odlučujući utjecaj na uspjeh sadnje tj. potrebu ponavljanja ovoga skupog i zahtjevnog procesa. Iako su teško predvidive, ugroze su neminovne, pa je pored kvalitetnog proizvodnog programa, kvalitetan, višegodišnji proizvodni plan potrebniji nego ikad. Plan je utoliko kvalitetniji što prepoznaje trenutne i predstojeće obveze i međunarodna kretanja, recentne znanstvene spoznaje, višegodišnje potrebe praktičnog šumarstva i ostalih grana privrede, predviđanja predstojećih ugroza i pomaka areala vrsta te suvremenih rješenja prilagodbe šuma na predstojeće ugroze i izazove.
Analysis of nursery production contributes to better planning of production and silvicultural activities. Availability of planting material is crucial for many actors in forestry science and practice. According to Law on forest reproductive material Croatian Forest Research Institute conducts expert supervision and collects data on production programme and process for every nursery in Croatia (Figure 1). This enabled statistical analysis of total amounts of planting material production per nursery, ownership and tree species in recent five-year period. Comprehensive ovierviews and analysis of nursery production are limited for the last three decades, while there is also a lack o recent scientific publications and activities dealing with nursery production issues in Croatia. Aims of this paper are: (1) to give a production overview according to tree species, ownership and nursery, (II) to determine if amount and production programme is harmonised with growing needs of practical forestry and recent international scientific knowledge, (III) to give general guidelines for planning of production programmes for broadleaves in Croatia. Nursery production data used for production analysis is part of electronic database, which was established (based on expert supervision documentation) in period 2009-2011 by Đodan and Perić. Croatian Forests Ltd. are sigle producer of forest planting material in Croatia. Figure 2 gives overview of the size of nurseries in Croatia. Production of broadleaves planting material in respected period drops, while more detailed insight of production per nursery points to Cernik, Limbuš, Oštarije, Zdenački gaj and Višnjevac as the biggest producer in Croatia (Figure 3). Total broadeleaves production in five year period spannes from 12.373.091 pcs. (2021) to 21.654.920 pcs. (2019) (Table 1), with slight drop. Total production of Quercus spp. in respected period amounts to 62.245.950 pcs., while pedunculate and sessile oak participate in total oak production with 98,49% share. Other oaks in production are Quercus pubescens Willd., Quercus cerris L. and Quercus ilex L. In the same period total of 12.574.160 of Narrowed leaved ash was produced, with continuous annual increase. In 2021, due to significant dieback of transplanted ash seedlings (during restoration activities) Croatian Forests Ltd. limit and then stop ash production. Share of European beech varies (from 5,5% in 2018 to 13,8% in 2017) and with its total production of 7.505.337 seedlings takes forth place in braodleaves production. Conducted analysis showed predominance of small nuber of tree species in production (pedunculate oak, sessile oak, common beach and narrow-leaved ash), which points to the conclusion that natural regeneration is strongly dependant on nursery production. Only small share (less than 5 %) of other tree species is represented in production. Share of forest fruits, non native tree species (even highly productive and more resistant then domestic ones), pioneer species (used for growing needs of forest restoration) is relatively low. Importance of quality forest seed as prerequisite of successful nursery production is high, as well as importance of selection of apporpriate provenances and feature of forest planting material. Nursery production programmes need to be harmonised with real needs in practical forestry. Nevertheless, there is even stronger need of setting quality, multi-year nursery production plans, which will include a strong response to forthcoming challenges and threats, reduce risks in practical forestry and take into account international (scientific and expert) efforts, actual EU policies and growing needs of forestry and other sectors.
Among young children in Burkina Faso, anemia and chronic and acute undernutrition are widespread.
This study assessed the impact of Helen Keller International's (HKI) 2-y integrated agriculture ...homestead food production (HFP) and nutrition and health behavior change communication (BCC) program, targeted to women, on children's (3-12.9 mo old at baseline) anthropometry (stunting, wasting, and underweight), mean hemoglobin (Hb), anemia (Hb < 11 g/dL), and diarrhea prevalence.
We used a cluster-randomized controlled trial, with 55 villages randomly assigned to a control group (n = 25) or 1 of 2 treatment groups (n = 15 each), which differed by who delivered the BCC messages older women leaders or health committee (HC) members. We used difference-in-difference (DID) estimates to assess impacts on child outcomes.
We found marginally significant (P < 0.10) impacts on Hb (DID: 0.51 g/dL; P = 0.07) and wasting DID: -8.8 percentage point (pp); P = 0.08 and statistically significant (P < 0.05) impacts on diarrhea (-15.9 pp; P = 0.00) in HC compared with control villages among children aged 3-12.9 mo and larger impacts for anemia (DID: -14.6 pp; P = 0.03) and mean Hb (DID: 0.74 g/dL; P = 0.03) among younger children (aged 3-5.9 mo). However, we found no significant impacts on stunting or underweight prevalence. Plausibility was supported by greater improvements in women's agricultural production and maternal infant and young child feeding and care knowledge and practices in HC compared with control villages.
HKI's 2-y integrated HFP+BCC program (HC group) significantly improved several child outcomes, including wasting (marginal), diarrhea, Hb, and anemia, especially among the youngest children. This is the first cluster-randomized controlled trial of an HFP program that documents statistically significant positive effects on these child nutrition outcomes. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01825226.
Background: Among young children in Burkina Faso, anemia and chronic and acute undernutrition are widespread.
Objective: This study assessed the impact of Helen Keller International’s (HKI) 2-y ...integrated agriculture homestead food production (HFP) and nutrition and health behavior change communication (BCC) program, targeted to women, on children’s (3–12.9 mo old at baseline) anthropometry (stunting, wasting, and underweight), mean hemoglobin (Hb), anemia (Hb < 11 g/dL), and diarrhea prevalence.
Methods: We used a cluster-randomized controlled trial, with 55 villages randomly assigned to a control group (n = 25) or 1 of 2 treatment groups (n = 15 each), which differed by who delivered the BCC messages older women leaders or health committee (HC) members. We used difference-in-difference (DID) estimates to assess impacts on child outcomes.
Results: We found marginally significant (P < 0.10) impacts on Hb (DID: 0.51 g/dL; P = 0.07) and wasting DID: −8.8 percentage point (pp); P = 0.08 and statistically significant (P < 0.05) impacts on diarrhea (−15.9 pp; P = 0.00) in HC compared with control villages among children aged 3–12.9 mo and larger impacts for anemia (DID: −14.6 pp; P = 0.03) and mean Hb (DID: 0.74 g/dL; P = 0.03) among younger children (aged 3–5.9 mo). However, we found no significant impacts on stunting or underweight prevalence. Plausibility was supported by greater improvements in women’s agricultural production and maternal infant and young child feeding and care knowledge and practices in HC compared with control villages.
Conclusions: HKI’s 2-y integrated HFP+BCC program (HC group) significantly improved several child outcomes, including wasting (marginal), diarrhea, Hb, and anemia, especially among the youngest children. This is the first cluster-randomized controlled trial of an HFP program that documents statistically significant positive effects on these child nutrition outcomes. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01825226.
Many production plants are pursuing responsiveness (i.e., timely purposeful change guided by external demands) as one of their main performance priorities and are looking for ways for their ...responsiveness to be improved. One of the ways that they are currently trying to do this is through the flexibility provided by production practices. On the other hand, other systems are also being now developed based on reconfigurability (such as reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMSs)) which can enhance a company׳s technological ability to respond to market requirements by reconfiguring its products and processes. This paper analyses how current production programmes can be a prior step to achieving reconfigurability. The analysis uses a holistic framework that considers a number of linkages or combinations of practices (technology, JIT, TQ, HR, TPM and production strategy) and how these enhance performance in terms of cost, quality and responsiveness. The framework is tested with data collected from a survey of 314 plants worldwide using a series of canonical correlation analyses. The results confirm not only the importance of practice linkages that do not only include technology as the launch pad for reconfigurability, but also that in their pursuit of responsiveness it is vital for plants to implement practices in the technology programme as well as to link them to organisational programmes. The framework presents a contribution to both theory and practice. It offers novel insights into the programme and production practices involved in transitioning from flexibility to reconfigurability in the pursuit of responsiveness and provide a basis for future research.
Background
Evidence of the impact of homestead food production programs on nutrition outcomes such as anemia and growth is scant. In the absence of information on program impact pathways, it is ...difficult to understand why these programs, which have been successful in increasing intake of micronutrient-rich foods, have had such limited documented impact on nutrition outcomes.
Objective
To conduct a process evaluation of Helen Keller International's (HKI's) homestead food production program in Cambodia to assess whether the program was operating as planned (in terms of design, delivery, and utilization) and to identify ways in which the program might need to be strengthened in order to increase its potential for impact.
Methods
A program theory framework, which laid out the primary components along the hypothesized program impact pathways, was developed in collaboration with HKI and used to design the research. Semistructured interviews and focus group discussions with program beneficiaries (n = 36 and 12, respectively), nonbeneficiaries (n = 12), and program implementers (n = 17 and 2, respectively) and observations of key program delivery points, including health and nutrition training sessions (n = 6), village model farms (n = 6), and household gardens of beneficiaries (n = 36) and nonbeneficiaries (n = 12), were conducted to assess the delivery and utilization of the primary program components along the impact pathways.
Results
The majority of program components were being delivered and utilized as planned. However, challenges with some of the key components posited to improve outcomes such as anemia and growth were noted. Among these were a gap in the expected pathway from poultry production to increased intake of eggs and poultry meat, and some weaknesses in the delivery of the health and nutrition training sessions and related improvements in knowledge among the village health volunteers and beneficiaries.
Conclusions
Although the program has been successful in delivering the majority of the program components as planned and has documented achievements in improving household production and intake of micronutrient-rich foods, it is likely that strengthening delivery and increasing utilization of some program components would increase its potential for nutritional impacts. This research has highlighted the importance of designing a program theory framework and assessing the components that lie along the primary program impact pathways to optimize program service delivery and utilization and, in turn, potential for impact.
An approach is outlined for strategic management decisions within the production program at individual Russian high-tech enterprises, including research and development work. This approach is ...formalized in an event–resource representation.
This special issue of the Journal of Cleaner Production was initiated as a result of the 5th and 6th meetings of the Asia Pacific Roundtable for Sustainable Consumption and Production (APRSCP), which ...were held in Melbourne, Australia and Hanoi, Vietnam, respectively. A need identified at those meetings was to create another means of communicating the best ideas and papers being presented, to a wider audience. The Asia Pacific region has special development needs given its rapid emergence as a global production hub, but coupled to that are also the rapid social adjustments and shifts in patterns of consumption and production which aren't positive for the environment. This special issue contains eight papers covering the implementation of cleaner production and life cycle principles at the systems and regional planning level. These articles cover urban development, corporate CP programs, supply chain management, eco-industrial networks, and industrial parks, recycling, and understanding the role of human factors in bringing about environmental change.
International trade and cooperation are increasingly affecting what we experience in the national and local media. This development is rapidly evolving with live televised events, like Idols and ...Dancing with the Stars, and here I pursue why (and how) this is so. I engage specifically with the ways in which licensed international programme formats intervene in existing programme traditions, and affect the repertoire and capacity of national television producers. I trace the practices of the two largest Norwegian broadcasters over the last two decades. The question is not only how licensed formats affect different industry sectors, in this case license-funded NRK and commercial TV 2, but also how different units within the broadcasters are impacted. The article calls for heightened sensitivity to new forms of control and collaboration in creative processes, and new routines for premeditating live events. It suggests that format exchange should be evaluated along a continuum from open to closed; a continuum that can bring nuance to discussions of cultural colonisation.
International trade and cooperation are increasingly affecting what we experience in the national and local media. This development is rapidly evolving with live televised events, like Idols and ...Dancing with the Stars, and here I pursue why (and how) this is so. I engage specifically with the ways in which licensed international programme formats intervene in existing programme traditions, and affect the repertoire and capacity of national television producers. I trace the practices of the two largest Norwegian broadcasters over the last two decades. The question is not only how licensed formats affect different industry sectors, in this case license-funded NRK and commercial TV 2, but also how different units within the broadcasters are impacted. The article calls for heightened sensitivity to new forms of control and collaboration in creative processes, and new routines for premeditating live events. It suggests that format exchange should be evaluated along a continuum from open to closed; a continuum that can bring nuance to discussions of cultural colonisation.
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