Great and interdisciplinary research efforts have been devoted to the biomedical applications of 2D materials because of their unique planar structure and prominent physiochemical properties. ...Generally, ceramic‐based biomaterials, fabricated by high‐temperature solid‐phase reactions, are preferred as bone scaffolds in hard tissue engineering because of their controllable biocompatibility and satisfactory mechanical property, but their potential biomedical applications in disease theranostics are paid much less attention, mainly due to their lack of related material functionalities for possibly entering and circulating within the vascular system. The emerging 2D MXenes, a family of ultrathin atomic nanosheet materials derived from MAX phase ceramics, are currently booming as novel inorganic nanosystems for biologic and biomedical applications. The metallic conductivity, hydrophilic nature, and other unique physiochemical performances make it possible for the 2D MXenes to meet the strict requirements of biomedicine. This work introduces the very recent progress and novel paradigms of 2D MXenes for state‐of‐the‐art biomedical applications, focusing on the design/synthesis strategies, therapeutic modalities, diagnostic imaging, biosensing, antimicrobial, and biosafety issues. It is highly expected that the elaborately engineered ultrathin MXenes nanosheets will become one of the most attractive biocompatible inorganic nanoplatforms for multiple and extensive biomedical applications to profit the clinical translation of nanomedicine.
Emerging 2D MXenes in nanomedicine highlight the current progress in the design of pristine and functionalized MXenes and their composites, with particular emphasis on their biological and biomedical applications. The advances in 2D MXenes include the use of their intrinsic physiochemical nature, such as controllable in‐plane component, transformable multidimension, and tunable terminating species, which are of multifunctionality, programmability, and biocompatibility.
The Assembly of MXenes from 2D to 3D Wu, Zhitan; Shang, Tongxin; Deng, Yaqian ...
Advanced science,
04/2020, Letnik:
7, Številka:
7
Journal Article
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Since their discovery in 2011, transition metal carbides or nitrides (MXenes) have attracted a wide range of attention due to their unique properties and promise for use in a variety of applications. ...However, the low accessible surface area and poor processability of MXene nanosheets caused by their restacking have severely hindered their practical use, and this is expected to be solved by integrating them into macroscopic assemblies. Here, recent progress in the construction of MXene assemblies from 2D to 3D at the macro and/or microlevel is summarized. The mechanisms of their assembly are also discussed to better understand the relationship between performance and assembled structure. The possible uses of MXene assemblies in energy conversion and storage, electromagnetic interference shielding and absorption, and other applications are summarized.
The MXene assemblies are promising for broadening the applications of MXenes and promoting their realization in practice. Herein, the MXene assemblies from 2D to 3D at macro and/or microlevels are reviewed. The corresponding assembly mechanisms and applications are also summarized to better deepen the cognition of relationships between assembled structures and specific applications.
The synthesis strategy, structural characteristics and stability, proton conducting features and mechanism of COFs in the past five years were fully reviewed. Future design ideas, research priorities ...and application prospects for such promising COFs are highlighted.
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•Proton conductive covalent organic frameworks were reviewed.•COFs are classified and described according to the type of linkages.•Proton conductivity and conducting mechanism were discussed.•The future development trend of such COFs is prospected.
As a new class of promising crystalline solid materials, the preparation and application of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have aroused great interest in recent years. In this review, we will focus on the recent research achievements of COFs in the field of proton conductivity from the aspects of design strategies, structural characteristics, proton conducting features and mechanism, application research, etc. Finally, we will present a forward-looking view on the future development and challenges of such functional materials as well as preparation techniques and strategies.
Recent advances of plasmonic nanoparticles include fascinating developments in the fields of energy, catalyst chemistry, optics, biotechnology, and medicine. The plasmonic photothermal properties of ...metallic nanoparticles are of enormous interest in biomedical fields because of their strong and tunable optical response and the capability to manipulate the photothermal effect by an external light source. To date, most biomedical applications using photothermal nanoparticles have focused on photothermal therapy; however, to fully realize the potential of these particles for clinical and other applications, the fundamental properties of photothermal nanoparticles need to be better understood and controlled, and the photothermal effect‐based diagnosis, treatment, and theranostics should be thoroughly explored. This Progress Report summarizes recent advances in the understanding and applications of plasmonic photothermal nanoparticles, particularly for sensing, imaging, therapy, and drug delivery, and discusses the future directions of these fields.
Photothermally active plasmonic nanoparticles are of great interest in biomedical science due to their tunable resonance wavelength, high spatiotemporal resolution, photothermal therapeutic potential, and remote‐controllability by an external light source. Fundamentals in the design, synthesis, and properties of photothermal nanomaterials and the recent key advances in their biomedical applications, including in biosensors, imaging, therapy, drug delivery, and theranostics, are summarized and discussed.
Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy provides a noninvasive and highly sensitive route for fingerprint and label‐free detection of a wide range of molecules. Recently, flexible SERS ...has attracted increasingly tremendous research interest due to its unique advantages compared to rigid substrate‐based SERS. Here, the latest advances in flexible substrate‐based SERS diagnostic devices are investigated in‐depth. First, the intriguing prospect of point‐of‐care diagnostics is briefly described, followed by an introduction to the cutting‐edge SERS technique. Then, the focus is moved from conventional rigid substrate‐based SERS to the emerging flexible SERS technique. The main part of this report highlights the recent three categories of flexible SERS substrates, including actively tunable SERS, swab‐sampling strategy, and the in situ SERS detection approach. Furthermore, other promising means of flexible SERS are also introduced. The flexible SERS substrates with low‐cost, batch‐fabrication, and easy‐to‐operate characteristics can be integrated into portable Raman spectroscopes for point‐of‐care diagnostics, which are conceivable to penetrate global markets and households as next‐generation wearable sensors in the near future.
Flexible surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors have attracted great research attention owing to their distinct superiorities that the traditional rigid SERS substrates are not accessible to. Recent innovative strategies in developing flexible SERS sensors based on actively tunable plasmonic resonance, swab‐sampling route, and the in situ detection approach are highlighted, which affords unprecedented opportunities to realize point‐of‐care diagnostics in diverse applications.
With the rapid development of nanotechnology, stimuli‐responsive nanomaterials have provided an alternative for designing controllable drug delivery systems due to their spatiotemporally controllable ...properties. As a new type of porous material, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely used in biomedical applications, especially drug delivery systems, owing to their tunable pore size, high surface area and pore volume, and easy surface modification. Here, recent progress in MOF‐based stimuli‐responsive systems is presented, including pH‐, magnetic‐, ion‐, temperature‐, pressure‐, light‐, humidity‐, redox‐, and multiple stimuli‐responsive systems for the delivery of anticancer drugs. The remaining challenges and suggestions for future directions for the rational design of MOF‐based nanomedicines are also discussed.
Reaching the advanced drug delivery potential of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) featuring spatiotemporally controllable properties is of utmost importance. MOFs have the advantages of high drug loading capacities, easy functionalization, and good biocompatibility. The development of MOF‐based stimuli‐responsive drug delivery systems provides a means of designing exciting nanoformulations for clinical translation in future nanomedicines.
Kill your ancestors Sanchez, Andrew
American ethnologist,
August 2023, Letnik:
50, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
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This essay explains why debates about the decolonization of anthropology tend to become reactive and confrontational, and outlines a model for why productive critique is central to intellectual ...progress. In a small, young discipline that values subjectivity and the questioning of ethnocentrism, the decolonial critique of tradition is more likely to be felt as a personalized war on one's professional community and sense of self. Further, the tendency toward factionalism in anthropology is driven by an emphasis on charismatic and individualistic intellectual work. The essay argues that decolonization should not be conceived as a discrete generational war that can be definitively won. Rather, it should be understood as an ongoing collective transformation that expresses the logics of social progress and is consistent with the ethnographic imperative.
In the past few years, soft robotics has rapidly become an emerging research topic, opening new possibilities for addressing real‐world tasks. Perception can enable robots to effectively explore the ...unknown world, and interact safely with humans and the environment. Among all extero‐ and proprioception modalities, the detection of mechanical cues is vital, as with living beings. A variety of soft sensing technologies are available today, but there is still a gap to effectively utilize them in soft robots for practical applications. Here, the developments in soft robots with mechanical sensing are summarized to provide a comprehensive understanding of the state of the art in this field. Promising sensing technologies for mechanically perceptive soft robots are described, categorized, and their pros and cons are discussed. Strategies for designing soft sensors and criteria to evaluate their performance are outlined from the perspective of soft robotic applications. Challenges and trends in developing multimodal sensors, stretchable conductive materials and electronic interfaces, modeling techniques, and data interpretation for soft robotic sensing are highlighted. The knowledge gap and promising solutions toward perceptive soft robots are discussed and analyzed to provide a perspective in this field.
Proprioception and tactile sensing in soft robots are needed for real‐world applications. Various soft sensing technologies that hold promise for inventing sensorized soft robots are available today. However, innovations in robust and high‐performance multimodal sensors, stretchable conductors for electrodes and interconnections, fully integrated and/or wireless electronic interfaces, modeling, and data interpretation methods are highly demanded.
Measuring Progress and Well-Being Barrington-Leigh, Christopher; Escande, Alice
Social indicators research,
02/2018, Letnik:
135, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
We provide a new database sampling well-being and progress indicators implemented since the 1970s at all geographic scales. Starting from an empirical assessment, we describe and quantify trends in ...the institutional basis, methodology, and content of indicators which are intended to capture the broadest conceptions of human social progress. We pay special attention to the roles of sustainability and subjective well-being in these efforts, and find that certain types of indicators are more successful in terms of transparency, accountability, as well as longevity. Our taxonomy encompasses money-denominated accounts of “progress”, unaggregated collections of indicators, indices, and measures oriented around subjective well-being. We find that a most promising innovation is the indices whose weights are accountable to empirical data, in particular through models of subjective well-being. We conclude by amplifying others’ advocacy for the appropriate separation of current well-being from environmental indicators, and for the avoidance of aggregation except where it is meaningful.
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