Introduction:Liver exposure to toxic substances will disrupt the metabolic system. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a hepatotoxic substance causing a liver damage. Continuous multi-stage countercurrent ...extraction(CMCE) propolis extract contains active balsamic substances, caffeic acid, phenethyl esters and flavonoids.Objective: to prove the effect of CMCE propolis extract on IL-1 levels and the hepatocyte histopathology findingsof male wistar rats induced by CCl4.Methods:In the posttest only control group design, the total sample of 28 rats was divided into 4 groups: positive control group (K-0; standard feed); group P-1 (propolis3.6 mg/200 g); P-2 (propolis7.2mg/200gr and P-3 (propolis14.4mg/200g) were respectively given for 14 days,yet those on the 14thday were given CCl4. The IL-1 level was measured with the ELISA method, while the male wistar rats hepatocyte histopathology findings was determined by the HE staining methods. IL-1 levelswere analyzed usingOne Way Anova test,followed by the Post Hoc LSD test. Hepatic cell histopathology was analyzed usingKruskal Wallis, followed by Mann-Whitney U.Results:Post Hoc LSD analysis shows that the levels of IL-1 in P-1 (983.54 19.67), P-2 (841.58 19.47), and P-3 (755.50 31.63) are significantlylower thanthosein K-0 (1131.69 14.91) withp<0.05. Mann-Whitney U analysis shows that the hepatocyte histopathology in the P-1 group (2.55 0.39), P-2 (1.24 0.94) and P-3 (1.20 0.93) is significantlylower thanthatinK-0 (2.94 0.16) with p<0.05.Conclusion: The administration of CMCE propolis extract may reduce IL-1 levels and improve the male wistar rats hepatic cell histopathologyinduced with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4).
Through the clinical epidemiological observation of gastric cancer, the potential anti-cancer efficacy of the biosynthesized gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) against the SNU-16 human cancer cell line was ...studied in details. The MTT investigations on cell viability confirmed the cytotoxic properties of the green formed Au-NPs versus gastric cancer in humans. Propolis was utilized in the synthesis of Au-NPs through an effective biogenic technique in the study. The physiochemical characters of prepared NPs were examined using TEM, UV-Vis spectroscopy and XRD instruments. The electrochemical As(III) sensing capability of the Au-NPs was also investigated with the modification of a screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE). The measuring of As(III) was conducted using the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) method under closed-circuit mode. A sensitive response for As(III) ions in the concentration range of 0.7 to 60 ppb was acquired using the designed sensor. The modified SPCE was applicable for detection of As(III) in mineral water, tap water and rice flour samples. The achieved results confirm that the biosynthesized Au-NPs pretreated in this research have potential to be employed for electrochemical sensing of toxic heavy metal ions. Moreover, the finding results provide a novel evidence-based medical approach for the prevention and treatment of cancer.
Display omitted
•Gold nanoparticles were successfully fabricated using propolis extract.•The modified electrode with Au-NPs indicates low detection limit towards As(III).•The biosynthesized Au-NPs exhibited a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect against the SNU-16 cell line.
•Chinese propolis extract (CPE) shows antibacterial effects against Clostridium perfringens.•CPE induces morphological changes in C. perfringens.•UHPLC-QTOF/MS analysis enlightened metabolites ...changes in C. perfringens.•CPE triggered different metabolic pathways in C. perfringens.•CPE can be used to prevent C. perfringens infection.
Propolis is a natural resinous substance that is collected by honeybees (Apis mellifera) with promising antibacterial effects. Here, we examined the antibacterial activity of Chinese propolis against Clostridium perfringens, a bacterial pathogen that threatens food safety and causes intestinal erosion. The inhibitory effects of the ethanolic extract of Chinese propolis (CPE) on human-associated C. perfringens strains were determined by using the circle of inhibition, the minimum inhibitory concentrations, and bactericidal concentrations. CPE also induced morphological elongation, bacterial cell wall damage, and intracellular material leakage in C. perfringens. Untargeted HPLC-qTOF-MS-based metabolomics analysis of the bacterial metabolic compounds revealed that propolis triggered glycerophospholipid metabolism, one carbon pool by folate, and d-glutamine and d-glutamate metabolism alterations in C. perfringens. Finally, caffeic acid phenethyl ester was identified as the key active ingredient in CPE. This study suggested the usage of propolis as an alternative to antibiotics in controlling C. perfringens.
•Sodium alginate (SA) films with green propolis extract (PE) and SiO2 were prepared.•The addition of PE to SA-based films improved their UV-light barrier.•PE incorporation provided SA and SA/SiO2 ...films with antioxidant activity.•The addition of SiO2 to SA/PE films improved the mechanical properties.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of green propolis extract (PE) and silica nanoparticles (SiO2) on the structure of sodium alginate-based films (SA), as well as their physical and antioxidant properties. Control samples (only SA), films with SA and PE (SA/PE3%), as well as films simultaneously containing SA, PE and SiO2 (SA/PE3%/SiO25% and SA/PE3%/SiO210%) were systematically evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy revealed homogenous distribution of PE and SiO2 within the film matrix. The addition of both compounds increased tensile strength from 12.9 ± 1.2 (control) to 19.6 ± 1.4 MPa (SA/PE3%/SiO210%), without noting any extreme changes in elongation at break or modulus of elasticity. Additionally, the incorporation of PE provided an outstanding UV light blocking effect, and strong DPPH radical-scavenging activity for all samples, therefore, suggesting their potential for future application in active food packaging.
Display omitted
The ever-increasing demand for natural products and biotechnology derived from bees and ultra-modernization of various analytical devices has facilitated the rational and planned development of ...biotechnology products with a focus on human health to treat chronic and neglected diseases. The aim of the present study was to prepare and characterize polymeric nanoparticles loaded with Brazilian red propolis extract and evaluate the cytotoxic activity of “multiple-constituent extract in co-delivery system” for antileishmanial therapies. The polymeric nanoparticles loaded with red propolis extract were prepared with a combination of poly-ε-caprolactone and pluronic using nanoprecipitation method and characterized by different analytical techniques, antioxidant and leishmanicidal assay. The red propolis nanoparticles in aqueous medium presented particle size (200–280 nm) in nanometric scale and zeta analysis (−20 to −26 mV) revealed stability of the nanoparticles without aggregation phenomenon during 1 month. After freeze-drying method using cryoprotectant (sodium starch glycolate), it was possible to observe particles with smooth and spherical shape and apparent size of 200 to 400 nm. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and thermal analysis revealed the encapsulation of the flavonoids from the red propolis extract into the polymeric matrix. Ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector (UPLC-DAD) identified the flavonoids liquiritigenin, pinobanksin, isoliquiritigenin, formononetin and biochanin A in ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) and nanoparticles of red propolis extract (NRPE). The efficiency of encapsulation was determinate, and median values (75.0 %) were calculated using UPLC-DAD. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl method showed antioxidant activity to EEP and red propolis nanoparticles. Compared to negative control, EEP and NRPE exhibited leishmanicidal activity with an IC50 value of ≅38.0 μg/mL and 31.3 μg/mL, 47.2 μg/mL, 154.2μg/mL and 193.2 μg/mL for NRPE A1, NRPE A2, NRPE A3 and NRPE A4, respectively. Nanoparticles loaded with red propolis extract in co-delivery system and EEP presented cytotoxic activity on
Leishmania (V.) braziliensis
. Red propolis extract loaded in nanoparticles has shown to be potential candidates as intermediate products for preparation of various pharmaceutical dosage forms containing red propolis extract in the therapy against negligible diseases such as leishmaniasis.
Graphical Abstract
Some biochemical mechanisms of cellular debridement of
Leishmania (V.) braziliensis
species by the flavonoids of red propolis extract (EEP) or NRPE loaded with red propolis extract
Background: One purpose of operative dentistry is the maintenance of healthy pulp by reducing the need for root canal treatment and the possibility of undesirable scenarios such as tooth loss. ...Propolis is a plant-derived substance that contains a resin produced by honeybees belonging to the Apis mellifera species. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of a combination of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and propolis extract on odontoblast-like cell proliferation in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). Methods: This research constituted a true experimental laboratory-based investigation with post-test control group design. Thirty Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups. The first molar pulp of each sample was perforated on occlusal surfaces using a low speed round bur. On day 3, the samples were divided into six groups (n=10): Group I: control; Group II: Ca(OH)2 + 11%; propolis extract; Group III: Ca(OH)2 + aquadest, and on day 7: Group IV: control; Group V: Ca(OH)2 + 11% propolis extract; Group VI: Ca(OH)2 + aquadest. All samples were filled with restorative material. They were subsequently sacrificed after 3 and 7 days post-pulp capping administration and the afflicted tooth extracted for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The resulting data was subjected to statistical analysis to ascertain the proliferation of odontoblast-like cells. The significance of differences between the groups was determined by a one-way ANOVA test followed by a post hoc Tuckey HSD. A p-value <0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: On day 3, a significant difference existed between group II (Ca(OH)2–propolis) and group I (control group) and group III (Ca(OH)2–aquades), whereas Ca(OH)2–propolis revealed that the proliferation of odontoblast-like cells was higher. Meanwhile, on day 7, there was a significant difference between all groups whereas, with regard to Ca(OH)2–propolis, the proliferation of odontoblast-like cells in group V was higher. Conclusion: Application of combination of Ca(OH)2-propolis extract can increase the proliferation of odontoblast-like cells in pulp tissue on days 3 and 7.
•Cyclolaudenol was the major constituent of the green propolis extract.•Brazilian green propolis showed great potencial for fish bilayer coating.•Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of propolis ...aid in the conservation of fish fillets.•The sodium alginate bilayer coating showed high sensorial acceptance.
Fish deterioration imposes great economic losses and serious human health hazards. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of a sodium alginate bilayer coating incorporated to the green propolis extract in shelf-life, physical–chemical properties, microbiological properties and sensory acceptance of Colossoma macropomum fillets. Additionally, the chemical composition, along with the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Brazilian green propolis extract (GPE) were investigated. GPE showed promising antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Twenty-seven metabolites were identified by gas chromatography (GC–MS), which mainly comprised terpenoids (52.14%). Cyclolaudenol was the major constituent of the GPE and it is described for the first time in green propolis extracts. C. macropomum fillets treated with the sodium alginate bilayer coating showed high sensory acceptance, reduced microbial deterioration and extended shelf-life (up to 11 days) during cold storage. Taken together, these results show that GPE can be a great alternative of a natural preservative for fish coating.
This current study aims to optimize, characterize, and observe the stability of the self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) of propolis extract (PE) for improving the immune response. ...Optimization of the selected composition of SNEDDS was conducted using a D-optimal mixture design. SNEDDS was prepared by loading 150 mg/mL of PE in oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant phases. The thermodynamic stability test was carried out with phase separation parameters followed by the robustness to dilution and accelerated stability test. The immunostimulant activity was examined in vitro and in vivo by determining the phagocytic activity, cell proliferation, production of nitrite oxide levels of RAW 264.7 cells, phagocytic activity of macrophages, and the number of leukocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes. The formula optimization showed that the formula containing Capryol-90, Cremophor RH40, and PEG 400 at a ratio of 30: 34: 36 was optimum. The verification response of the optimum formula with drug loading showed that the transmittance, droplet size, and zeta potential were 96.90 ± 0.00%, 28.7 ± 1.20 nm, and −56.5 ± 2.05 mV, respectively. The thermodynamic stability test and robustness to dilution did not find any separation phase. The accelerated stability test results were classified as stable. The in vitro and in vivo immunostimulant activity test showed that PE-loaded SNEDDS exhibited a higher immunostimulant effect than PE. In conclusion, the optimum and stable composition of PE loaded SNEDDS was found with a simple and accurate method using the D-Optimal mixture design and demonstrated an immunostimulant activity.
PDF
