As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, exposure to global cultures affords individuals opportunities to develop global identities. In two studies, we examine the antecedents and outcomes ...of identifying with a superordinate identity—global citizen. Global citizenship is defined as awareness, caring, and embracing cultural diversity while promoting social justice and sustainability, coupled with a sense of responsibility to act. Prior theory and research suggest that being aware of one's connection with others in the world (global awareness) and embedded in settings that value global citizenship (normative environment) lead to greater identification with global citizens. Furthermore, theory and research suggest that when global citizen identity is salient, greater identification is related to adherence to the group's content (i.e., prosocial values and behaviors). Results of the present set of studies showed that global awareness (knowledge and interconnectedness with others) and one's normative environment (friends and family support global citizenship) predicted identification with global citizens, and global citizenship predicted prosocial values of intergroup empathy, valuing diversity, social justice, environmental sustainability, intergroup helping, and a felt responsibility to act for the betterment of the world. The relationship between antecedents (normative environment and global awareness) and outcomes (prosocial values) was mediated by identification with global citizens. We discuss the relationship between the present results and other research findings in psychology, the implications of global citizenship for other academic domains, and future avenues of research. Global citizenship highlights the unique effect of taking a global perspective on a multitude of topics relevant to the psychology of everyday actions, environments, and identity.
Alors que le monde devient de plus en plus interconnecté, l'exposition à des cultures globales offre aux individus l'opportunité de développer des identités globales. Dans deux études, nous avons examiné les antécédents et les conséquences de s'identifier à une identité dominante – le citoyen global. La citoyenneté globale est définie comme la conscience, la bienveillance et l'adhérence à la diversité culturelle, tout en promouvant la justice sociale et la durabilité, joint à un sens des responsabilités à agir. La théorie et la recherche antérieures suggèrent que le fait d’être conscient d’être connecté aux autres personnes dans le monde (conscience globale) et d’être enchâssé dans des milieux qui valorisent la citoyenneté globale (environnement normatif) amène une plus grande identification aux citoyens globaux. De plus, la théorie et la recherche suggèrent que lorsque l'identité de citoyen global est saillante, une plus grande identification est reliée à une adhérence au contenu du groupe (c.‐à‐d. les valeurs et les comportements prosociaux). Les résultats des présentes études ont montré que la conscience globale (connaissance et interconnexion avec les autres) et l'environnement normatif d'une personne (les amis et les membres de la famille qui soutiennent la citoyenneté globale) prédisaient l'identification aux citoyens globaux. De plus, la citoyenneté globale prédisait les valeurs prosociales de l'empathie intergroupe, de la mise en valeur de la diversité, de la justice sociale, de la durabilité environnementale, de l'entraide intergroupe et du sens des responsabilités à agir pour l'amélioration du monde. L'identification aux citoyens globaux jouait un rôle médiateur sur la relation entre les antécédents (environnement normatif et conscience globale) et les conséquences (valeurs prosociales). Nous discutons de la relation entre les présents résultats et les résultats des autres recherches en psychologie, des implications de la citoyenneté globale pour les autres domaines académiques et des avenues de recherche futures. La citoyenneté globale met en lumière l'effet unique de la prise de perspective globale sur une multitude de sujets liés à la psychologie, sur les plans des actions quotidiennes, de l'environnement et de l'identité.
A medida que el mundo se vuelve cada vez más interconectado, la exposición a las culturas globales les ofrece a los individuos oportunidades para desarrollar identidades globales. En dos estudios examinamos los antecedentes y consecuencias de la identificación con una identidad supraordinal —el ciudadano global. La ciudadanía global se define como la conciencia, el cuidado y la aceptación de la diversidad cultural a la vez que se promueve la justicia social y la sustentabilidad, emparejada con un sentido de responsabilidad de acción. La teoría e investigaciones previas sugieren que el ser consciente de la conexión que uno tiene con otras personas del mundo (conciencia global) y estar inserto en entornos en que se valora la ciudadanía global (entorno normativo) conduce a una mayor identificación con los ciudadanos globales. Además, la teoría e investigación sugieren que cuando la identidad del ciudadano global es destacada, la mayor identificación se relaciona con la adhesión al contenido del grupo (por ej., los valores y comportamientos prosociales). Los resultados de la presente serie de estudios mostraron que la conciencia global (el conocimiento y la interconexión con los demás) y el propio entorno normativo (los amigos y familia que apoyan la ciudadanía global) predijeron la identificación con los ciudadanos globales, y la ciudadanía global predijo los valores prosociales de empatía intergrupal, valoración de la diversidad, justicia social, sustentabilidad ambiental, ayuda intergrupal y una sentida responsabilidad de actuar para la mejora del mundo. La relación entre los antecedentes (entorno normativo y conciencia global) y los resultados (valores prosociales) estuvo mediada por la identificación con los ciudadanos globales. Se discuten la relación entre estos resultados y otros resultados de investigaciones psicológicas, las implicaciones de la ciudadanía global para otros ámbitos académicos y los futuros lineamientos de investigación. La ciudadanía global destaca el efecto único de adoptar una perspectiva global frente a una multitud de temas pertinentes a la psicología de las acciones cotidianas, los entornos y la identidad.
The presence of Islamic insurance is an alternative, in order to avoid conventional insurance which is considered to have elements of usury, maytsir, gharar and zholim. In the era of economic ...disruption, Islamic insurance players and customers are waiting for the direction of strategic policies from the government as regulator and facilitator. The formulation of a sharia insurance development strategy policy begins with analyzing the obstacles to developing sharia insurance in Indonesia. These constraints mean that the number of sharia insurance customers in Indonesia is not maximal. These obstacles include the lack of socialization and promotion, inadequate use of technology, lack of product and service development, lack of knowledge, and the existence of conventional insurance. Based on these constraints, strategies for developing sharia insurance in Indonesia that can be carried out include maximizing socialization and promotion, maximizing the use of technology, developing products and services, increasing literacy, and market penetration. This research is aimed at analyzing the constraints and development strategies of Islamic insurance using a mathematical method, namely the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method, so that policy recommendations are supported by scientific studies. Furthermore, in this study the ANP method was adopted in a survey design involving a number of respondents. The heterogeneity of the assessments of a number of respondents is expected to provide a more rational alternative. The results of the analysis using the ANP method are priority constraints in order to get more attention and priority strategies that can be used to formulate policies to make them more focused.
A sense of belonging to a nation and, simultaneously, to a religious group is commonly found in a society where religion is considered to be important. Such is the case in Indonesia where high and ...low of these senses of belonging may affect intergroup perceptions and political orientation. In two studies of Muslim and non-Muslim’ samples (Ns= 1005, 236) conducted in Indonesia, we investigated the interaction effects of national identification with religious identification on unity in diversity and political orientations. Consistently in two studies, nationalists with less sense of belonging to a religious group showed a more open and equal political perspective toward others, regardless of their group backgrounds. On the other hand, even though nationalists with high religious identification showed a tendency to support unity in diversity and prosocial values (study 1), they were found to also adopt an exclusionary approach toward the double-minority group of Chinese Indonesians’ involvement in politics and the economy (study 2). Further findings are discussed by considering how context and other religious elements may play a role of national identifications in intercultural relations.
All data are available In the OSF: https://osf.io/h5avz/?view_only=65d9c30bdcf5450ea5ce78b5bd2e8446.
Prosocial values play a critical role in promoting care and concern for the well-being of others and prioritizing the common good of society. Evidence from population-based reports, cognitive ...neuroscience, and clinical studies suggests that these values depend on social cognition processes, such as empathy, deontological moral cognition, moral emotions, and social cooperation. Additionally, indirect evidence suggests that various forms of prosocial behaviors are associated with positive health outcomes at the behavioral, cardiovascular, immune, stress-related, and inflammatory pathways. However, it is unclear whether prosociality can positively influence brain health outcomes. In this perspective, we propose that prosocial values are not only influenced by brain conditions but could also potentially play a role in protecting brain health. We review studies from various fields that support this claim, including recent reports of prosociality-based interventions impacting brain health. We then explore potential multilevel mechanisms, based on the reduction of allostatic overload at behavioral, cardiovascular, immune, stress-related, and inflammatory levels. Finally, we propose potential prosociality-based interventions for improving brain health in at-risk populations, such as psychiatric and neurological patients, and individuals exposed to poverty or violence. Our perspective suggests that prosocial values may play a role in promoting and maintaining healthy brains.
Persons with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) can exhibit apparently antisocial behaviors. An example is their tendency to adopt utilitarian choices in sacrificial moral dilemmas, ...i.e. harmful actions to promote overall welfare. Moral cognition models interpret such tendencies as deriving from a lack of emotional engagement and selective impairment in prosocial sentiments.
We applied a qualitative approach to test those theoretical assumptions and to further explore the emotional experiences and values of people with bvFTD while they contemplate moral scenarios. We conducted semistructured interviews with 14 participants: 7 persons with bvFTD and 7 older healthy controls. Transcripts were coded using ATLAS.ti 5.0.
During the moral reasoning task, persons with bvFTD reported more positive emotions than negative and showed significantly less cognitive precision in their moral reasoning compared to controls. Persons with bvFTD also organized their choices predominantly around kindness and altruism, and their responses reflected higher rule compliance. Our study showed that bvFTD persons' utilitarian responses to moral dilemmas did not arise from an emotionally disengaged or antisocial perspective. Instead, they were underpinned by positive emotionality and prosocial values.
These findings enrich current understandings of moral cognition and highlight the importance of incorporating mixed methods approaches in dementia research that take into consideration the viewpoint of cognitively impaired individuals.
Women’s philanthropy has drawn much attention during recent years, mostly in studies from the United States or the United Kingdom. Relevant issues are to what extent gender differences in charitable ...giving exist in another national context and how these differences can be explained. In this study, we examine female and male giving in the Netherlands, using a representative sample of Dutch households (N = 1,692) from the 2010 wave of the Giving in the Netherlands Panel Survey (GINPS). We conduct bivariate and multivariate regression analyses to test for gender differences and the extent to which they are mediated by values, costs, solicitation, and social pressure. Females turn out to be more likely to give and to give to more different sectors, which can be attributed to their higher prosocial values of empathic concern and the principle of care. Contrary to recent findings in the United States, Dutch males donate higher amounts than Dutch females.
Willingness to contribute to society is a prosocial value that might be positively associated with prosocial behaviors, such as charitable giving. This study examined whether positive and negative ...emotions influence the relationship between willingness to contribute to society and charitable
giving in older adults. I retrieved cross-sectional data from the Chinese General Social Survey 2012, which was completed by 2,688 Chinese adults aged between 60 and 104 years. The results show that willingness to contribute to society was positively associated with charitable giving. This
relationship was moderated by selfreported feeling of depression, which had an inhibitory effect, and was partially mediated by subjective happiness. Further attention should be paid to the underlying mechanisms between prosocial values and prosocial behaviors.
The present study investigates epistemic beliefs (beliefs about the nature of knowledge and knowing) and prosocial values as predictors of COVID-19 vaccination intentions. As a first hypothesis, we ...posit that beliefs in justification by authority will positively relate to vaccination intentions. Second, we expect a positive relationship between prosocial values and vaccination intentions. Third, we hypothesize that beliefs in justification by authority moderate the relationship between prosocial values and vaccination intentions, so that the positive correlation between prosocial values and vaccination intentions becomes stronger with increasing beliefs in justification by authority. Hypotheses were tested in a sample of
N
= 314 German university students, a group with rather high mobility, who, when vaccinated, will increase the chance of attaining herd immunity. Hypotheses were tested using correlational and multiple regression analyses. Results revealed a highly significant positive relationship between justification by authority and vaccination intentions, whereas both hypotheses that included prosocial values did not yield significant results. Additional exploratory analyses revealed that the relationship between justification by authority and vaccination intentions was mediated by beliefs in the safety and effectiveness of the vaccines. Furthermore, significant negative relationships were found between personal justification and vaccination intentions as well as between justification by multiple sources and vaccination intentions. These results highlight the crucial role of science and public health communication in fostering vaccination intentions regarding COVID-19.
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