A study of the production of prompt J/ψ mesons contained in jets in proton-proton collisions at s=8TeV is presented. The analysis is based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.1 ...fb−1 collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. For events with at least one observed jet, the angular separation between the J/ψ meson and the jet is used to test whether the J/ψ meson is part of the jet. The analysis shows that most prompt J/ψ mesons having energy above 15 GeV and rapidity |y|<1 are contained in jets with pseudorapidity |ηjet|<1. The differential distributions of the probability to have a J/ψ meson contained in a jet as a function of jet energy for a fixed J/ψ energy fraction are compared to a theoretical model using the fragmenting jet function approach. The data agree best with fragmenting jet function calculations that use a long-distance matrix element parameter set in which prompt J/ψ mesons are predicted to be unpolarized. This technique demonstrates a new way to test predictions for prompt J/ψ production using nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics.
We hypothesized that cyclic electron flow around photosystem I (CEF-PSI) participates in the induction of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of chlorophyll (Chl) fiuorescence when the rate of ...photosynthetic linear electron flow (LEF) is electron-acceptor limited. To test this hypothesis, the relationships among photosynthesis rate, electron fluxes through both PSI and PSII Je(PSI) and Je(PSII)l and Chl fluorescence parameters were analyzed simultaneously in intact leaves of tobacco plants at several light intensities and partial pressures of ambient C02 (Ca). At low light intensities, decreasing Ca lowered the photosynthesis rate, but Je(PSI) and Je(PSII) remained constant. Je(PSl) was larger than Je(PSII), indicating the existence of CEF-PSI. Increasing the light intensity enhanced photosynthesis and both Je(PSI) and Je (PSII). Je(PSI)/Je(PSII) also increased at high light and at high light and low Ca combined, showing a strong, positive relationship with NPQ of Chl fluorescence. These results indicated that CEF-PSI contributed to the dissipation of photon energy in excess of that consumed by photosynthesis by driving NPQ of Chl fiuorescence. The main physiological function of CEF-PSI in photosynthesis of higher plants is discussed.
This article presents a comprehensive integration of current experimental evidence and theories about so-called parapsychological (psi) phenomena. Throughout history, people have reported events that ...seem to violate the common sense view of space and time. Some psychologists have been at the forefront of investigating these phenomena with sophisticated research protocols and theory, while others have devoted much of their careers to criticizing the field. Both stances can be explained by psychologists' expertise on relevant processes such as perception, memory, belief, and conscious and nonconscious processes. This article clarifies the domain of psi, summarizes recent theories from physics and psychology that present psi phenomena as at least plausible, and then provides an overview of recent/updated meta-analyses. The evidence provides cumulative support for the reality of psi, which cannot be readily explained away by the quality of the studies, fraud, selective reporting, experimental or analytical incompetence, or other frequent criticisms. The evidence for psi is comparable to that for established phenomena in psychology and other disciplines, although there is no consensual understanding of them. The article concludes with recommendations for further progress in the field including the use of project and data repositories, conducting multidisciplinary studies with enough power, developing further nonconscious measures of psi and falsifiable theories, analyzing the characteristics of successful sessions and participants, improving the ecological validity of studies, testing how to increase effect sizes, recruiting more researchers at least open to the possibility of psi, and situating psi phenomena within larger domains such as the study of consciousness.
This paper presents a study on the hybridization of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methods: Preference Selection Index (PSI), Simple Additive Weighting (SAW), and Measurement Alternatives and ...Ranking according to COmpromise Solution (MARCOS). The hybridization was conducted between the PSI and the other two methods, resulting in new methods, namely PSI-SAW and PSI-MARCOS. For each specific problem, applying these two hybrid methods to rank alternatives among the available options produces three different sets of rankings: one created by PSI, one by the hybrid PSI-SAW, and one by the hybrid PSI-MARCOS. The accuracy of the proposed models was tested in three different cases. The test results show that both proposed models exhibit high accuracy. This study provides users with highly accurate and useful methods for MCDM.
Preoperative planning is an integral aspect of managing complex deformity in reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). The purpose of this study was to compare the success of patient-specific ...instrumentation (PSI) and 3D computer-assisted planning with standard instrumentation (non-PSI) in achieving planned corrections of the glenoid among patients undergoing RSA with severe bony deformity requiring glenoid bone grafts.
A retrospective case-control study was performed, including all patients that underwent RSA with combined bone grafting procedures (BIO-RSA or structural bone grafting) for severe glenoid deformity by a single study between June 2016 and July 2023. Patients were required to have preoperative and postoperative CT scans as well as preoperative 3D planning performed for inclusion. Patients were divided into two groups based on the use of 3D computer-assisted planning with or without PSI (PSI vs. non-PSI). The corrected inclination and version were measured by two separate reviewers on preoperative and postoperative 2D CT scans and compared to their corresponding preoperative planning goals utilizing bivariate analyses.
We identified 45 patients that met our inclusion criteria (22 PSI and 23 non-PSI). Preoperative inclination (mean ± SD) (PSI 10.12° ± 15.86°, non-PSI 9.43° ± 10.64°; P = .864) and version (PSI −18.78° ± 18.3°, non-PSI −17.82° ± 11.49°; P = .835) measurements were similar between groups. No significant differences in the mean deviation (error) between the postoperative and planned inclination (PSI 5.49° ± 3.72; non-PSI 6.91° ± 5.05; P = .437) and version (PSI 8.37° ± 5.7; non-PSI 5.37° ± 4.43; P = .054) were found between groups. No difference in the rate of outliers (>10° error) was noted in inclination (P = .135) or version (P = .445) between groups. Greater planned version correction was correlated with greater error when PSI was utilized (PSI r = 0.519, P = .013; non-PSI r = 0.362, P = .089).
Both PSI and 3D computer-assisted planning without PSI (non-PSI) appear to be useful techniques to achieve version and inclination correction among patients undergoing RSA with severe glenoid deformity required glenoid bone grafting with no clear superiority of one method over the other. Surgeons should be aware that when utilizing PSI, slightly greater error in achieving version goals may occur as version correction is increased.
The cross section for coherent J/ψ photoproduction accompanied by at least one neutron on one side of the interaction point and no neutron activity on the other side, Xn0n, is measured with the CMS ...experiment in ultra-peripheral PbPb collisions at sNN=2.76TeV. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 159μb−1, collected during the 2011 PbPb run. The J/ψ mesons are reconstructed in the dimuon decay channel, while neutrons are detected using zero degree calorimeters. The measured cross section is dσXn0ncoh/dy(J/ψ)=0.36±0.04(stat)±0.04(syst) mb in the rapidity interval 1.8<|y|<2.3. Using a model for the relative rate of coherent photoproduction processes, this Xn0n measurement gives a total coherent photoproduction cross section of dσcoh/dy(J/ψ)=1.82±0.22(stat)±0.20(syst)±0.19(theo) mb. The data strongly disfavor the impulse approximation model prediction, indicating that nuclear effects are needed to describe coherent J/ψ photoproduction in γ+Pb interactions. The data are found to be consistent with the leading twist approximation, which includes nuclear gluon shadowing.
In the present paper, we investigate the Hardy–Littlewood type and the integration by parts result for
ψ$$ \psi $$–Riemann–Liouville fractional integrals. Also, we attack the integration by parts for ...the
ψ$$ \psi $$–Riemann–Liouville and
ψ$$ \psi $$–Hilfer fractional derivatives. To finish, we investigated Sobolev‐type inequalities involving the
ψ$$ \psi $$–Riemann–Liouville and the
ψ$$ \psi $$–Hilfer fractional derivatives in weighted space.