Introduction
The worldwide pandemic exacerbated the new role of the media.If previously the discussion was on whether new or traditional media had primacy in popularity and exposure, nowadays the ...question is whether communicating health issues through social and traditional media leads to understanding their content better and to more trust in both types of media.
Objectives
We set the following objectives for this study:(1) to examine trust in the traditional and new media among university students,(2) according to the level of media trust to compose a psychological portrait,establish the most prevalent coping strategies,and emotional reactions to the pandemic.
Methods
213 university students (55.9% women,Mage=19 years) were tested from December 2020-March 2021.We examined the attitude towards information on coronavirus presented in the media and to investigate the level of severity of neurotic states,the level of psychological stress,and basic coping strategies used by respondents.
Results
showed that although students generally prefer to use Internet news, trust in traditional media increased during the pandemic. We examined a general psychological portrait of young people derived from trust in the media. In the group of students who trust media information, we found indifference (39% of respondents) and helplessness (24.4%). In the group convinced that the media are hiding the actual state of affairs, anger prevailed (32.4%). The third group, confident that the media exaggerate everything, experienced indifference and anger (38.5% and 32.7%, respectively).
Conclusions
We may conclude that desire to learn more accurate and unbiased information firsthand indicates students’ attitude towards traditional media as more reliable sources of information.
Disclosure
No significant relationships.
Recurrent respiratory infections (RRIs) in children remain a pertinent issue in modern medicine. According to literary data, the prevalence of this phenomenon can reach up to a quarter of the child ...population. RRIs adversely affect a child’s physical development, social adaptation, and give rise to intra-family conflicts. Purpose - to investigate the contribution of psychological predictors from the mother’s perspective in the development of recurrent courses of respiratory infections in their young school-age children. Materials and methods. The study included surveys of mothers (Spielberger-Hanin State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Varga-Stolin Parenting Attitudes Test) and their children (R. Temple, M. Dorki, E. Amen “Choose a face” projective test). The main group comprised children aged 5-7 years with RRIs according to the criteria of the 2021 Inter-Society Consensus. The control group consisted of children aged 5-7 years who experienced occasional acute respiratory infections. Results. In our study, 40 families (mothers and children) participated. We found that mothers of children with RRIs had significantly higher levels of state and trait anxiety, as well as a higher score in the “Cooperation” parenting attitude model compared to the control group. In the structure of the anxiety phenomenon in mothers of children from the main group, 43% of cases exhibited high anxiety levels. Additionally, a high score in maternal personal anxiety correlated with a predominant choice of ineffective parenting models. Conclusions. Mothers of children with a RRI have significantly higher levels of situational and personal anxiety (p<0.01). 43% of mothers of children with RRIs exhibit excessively high levels of personal anxiety. Furthermore, more anxious mothers tend to adopt the following parenting models towards their own children: “Little looser”, “Authoritarian hypersocialization” and “Rejection”. The predictive value in the development of RRIs in children is associated with the level of maternal trait anxiety and the psychological portrait of the mother-child relationship, namely the score for by the “Cooperation” model. Data collection and processing were conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association regarding ethical principles in medical research involving human subjects. The informed consent of patients was obtained for the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
The article presents the results of testing the typology of serial sexual killers developed by O.D. Sitkovskaya and L.P. Konysheva, on the materials of criminal cases on detected serial crimes of a ...sexual nature. The study confirmed the presence of the main psychological features specific to each type of criminals, and the possibility of applying the classification for the investigation of other sexual crimes. In addition, mixed types are identified that combine the signs of two and three types of criminal behaviour. Confirming the main hypothesis of the study, the authors of the article consider it necessary to study further the individual psychological characteristics of criminals belonging to mixed types. As a retrospective analysis of the materials of criminal cases has shown and the regular practice of psychological support of the investigation of crimes of a sexual nature confirms, it is the attackers of a mixed type behaviour that are most difficult to identify through the traditional investigative methods.
В статье представлены результаты апробирования типологии серийных сексуальных убийц, разработанной О.Д. Ситковской и Л.П. Конышевой, на материалах уголовных дел по раскрытым серийным преступлениям сексуального характера. В ходе исследования подтверждены наличие основных психологических особенностей, характерных для каждого типа преступников, и возможность применения этой классификации при расследовании иных сексуальных преступлений. Помимо этого выявлены смешанные типы, сочетающие в себе признаки двух и трех типов преступного поведения. Подтвердив основную гипотезу исследования, авторы статьи полагают необходимым дальнейшее исследование индивидуально-психологических особенностей преступников, относящихся к смешанным типам. Как показал ретроспективный анализ материалов уголовных дел и подтверждает регулярная практика психологического сопровождения расследования преступлений сексуального характера, именно злоумышленники смешанного типа поведения сложнее всего поддаются установлению путем применения традиционных оперативно-розыскных и следственных методов.
The article analyzes the image of male characters in the work of Saltykova- Shchedrina «Provincial essays, which included such essays as «Deceived second lieutenant», «Porfiry Petrovich», «Princess ...Anna Lvovna», «Pleasant family». The article presents the images of the literary heroes of Ivan Petrovich, Dmitry Borisovich Zhelvakov, Porfiry Petrovich, Tekhotsky and others».The psychological impulses they go through determine their relationships with other literary characters in the context of psychological influence, which reflects Saltykov's tendency to choose such characters. The fate and biography of Saltykov Shedrin's literary characters are closely related to the conditions and circumstances of the society around them. In one way or another, they are a reflection of him, expressing his orientations and aspirations in the various stages of social development that he has gone through. This paper presents Shedrin's view of community relations in a multi-layered environment and the role of each literary character in it, especially since these characters uniquely expressed the popular mood that prevailed in the nineteenth century in Tsarist Russia and during the issuance of some decisions that led to a major change in The Russian society at that time, including the rights of peasants, the endeavors, that aimed justice, equality, liberation of serfs, and other cultural and political movements, that drew the features of Russian society and established a new cultural, social, political and economic stage, that had a great impact on determining the future of Russia later.
The article presents a reconstruction and analysis of the socio-psychological portrait of the radical generation of the “revolutionary turning point” of the early 20
th
century. It is noted that ...the basis of this generation consisted of young people of peasant origin who experienced the historical dynamic destabilization of society. Based on archival sources, the characteristic features of the problem are determined in a generational aspect. Historical sources, including autobiographies and memoirs of political prisoners, allowed tracing the process of formation of left-radical sentiments among young people of peasant origin. At the same time, a large part of archival documents is introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The social behavior of revolutionary radicals is considered in the context of accelerated modernization processes in the Russian Empire at the turn of the century. The authors conclude that it was precisely the peasant youth at the beginning of the 20
th
century that was in the vanguard of the revolutionary movement. It is claimed that many of its representatives carried “anarchistic” sentiments from the village, since during this period the authority of monarchical power was being questioned. It is emphasized that acquaintance with revolutionary ideas had a significant influence on the motivation of their social action and the degree of its radicalization.
Recruitment using automated systems Kharytonova, Oleksandra; Osadcha, Kateryna; Osadchyi, Viacheslav
Ukrainian journal of educational studies and information technology,
06/2021, Letnik:
9, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
To identify the needs of modern recruiting and determine the features of staff selection and evaluation using psychological testing, was conducted an analysis of existing developments and systems ...that are used in the modern recruitment process. The problems that HR managers have when testing a candidate and the company's staff are identified, and the disadvantages of modern recruiting systems are highlighted. According to the detailed structure of the personality and the structure of the psychological portrait, the main features of the candidate's personality were identified and selected methods that can be used for testing. A web-based system "KnitTe" for HR managers was developed, which allows clients to expand the functionality of their CRM systems (initial stage integration with Odoo CRM modules) and helps in making a decision about the suitability of a candidate for a specific position in terms of their psychological personality traits, as well as their psychological compatibility with other team members. The overall structure of the web system allows the client to get data from the CRM system, use built-in psychological tests, and get results. The "KnitTe" web-system uses reliable, valid and verified psychological methods, builds a psychological portrait of the candidate, checks the candidate's compliance with the chosen position, and analyzes the candidate's compatibility with the team.
Rationale for choosing. An increase in physiological tremor (Tr) in emotionally saturated situations is reflected not only in fiction, but also in scientific literature. In other words, tremors and ...emotional responses are interconnected. Purpose. To investigate the reflection of individual-typological properties in a tremorogram using V. M. Rusalov’s mathematical modeling. Material and methods. Tr was recorded using a linear transducer. Tr was recorded under postural load (arms extended forward). The sensor was alternately placed on the outstretched right and left arms in front of oneself, under conditions of “eyes open” (operative rest). The analysis of the tremorogram (TrG) files was carried out after the end of the study using the "Analist - 2" software according to the half - period analysis algorithm. To study the individual psychological characteristics of the personality, we used the method of determining the properties of the temperament by V.M. Rusalov. Each of the many indicators of Rusalov’s test selected in the analysis was considered as a target feature (Y-s), and the amplitudes and frequencies of TrG were considered as influencing variables (sets of X - s) and multiple linear regression equations of the form were built: The parameters of the amplitude and frequency of EEG rhythms were used as Xs. Own research. In multiple regression analysis of the influence of TrG indices of the right hand on the indices of Rusalov’s test, 12 statistically significant regression coefficients were determined, and 11 statistically significant regression coefficients for the left hand. After obtaining the diagnostic equations of multiple linear regression, describing the influence of TrG indicators on the indicators of Rusalov’s test, an attempt was made, using these equations, to obtain the indicators of Rusalov’s test, using the tremor indicators. On average, the% discrepancy between the determined and predicted indicators was 97.42% for the right hand, and 101.98 for the left. Conclusions. 1. With the use of diagnostic equation, it was possible to predict the indicators of psychological testing according to Rusalov’s test by the indicators of tremor of the right and left hands.2. Influence of Rusalov’s test indicators on TrG indicators were less in modulus than the influence of TrG indicators on the indicators of Rusalov’s test, i.e. did not participate in the control of the mechanisms of TrG generation.3. The results obtained indicate that tremor indicators contain information about the subject-activity and communicative aspects of temperament according to V. M. Rusalov.
Objectives: to reveal the socio-psychological, personal, and cultural characteristics of Russian IT entrepreneurs.
Background. The digital transformation of the economy focuses on new technologies ...and involves more people. IT entrepreneurship is becoming a desired career of the younger generation in Russia. The country’s technological leadership depends on psychosocial and personality characteristics and attitudes of successful IT entrepreneurs. Nevertheless, research of Russian entrepreneurs in the IT sector is rare.
Study design. Using qualitative research method the socio-psychological portrait of an IT entrepreneur is formed on the basis of socio-psychological and personal characteristics (internal locus of control, risk tolerance, achievement orientation), including value orientations: family, creativity, money, self-realization and cultural preferences. One research question and three hypotheses are considered.
Participants. After a preliminary selection of respondents, the most characteristic representatives of the IT entrepreneurial social group were selected: 14 male entrepreneurs, 27—35 year old — IT businesses’ owners.
Measurement. Thematic analysis of the theoretical type was used to classify the data collected from in-depth semi-structured interviews using a six stage algorithm of V. Braun and V. Clarke.
Results. A portrait of the technological company’s founder is presented: nonconformity, independence from family values, high involvement in the work, strong desire to achieve business goals, low interest in cultural symbols and events are revealed. Differences of a Russian technological entrepreneur from an entrepreneur in Russia as a whole (family and material values), as well as differences from a new wave of Western entrepreneurs (nonconformity) are noted. All hypotheses were confirmed.
Conclusions. Russian IT entrepreneur in our sample shares similar features with modern entrepreneurs in other countries. The distinguishing characteristics of Russian IT entrepreneur from Russian non-IT entrepreneurs include: low importance of money and material status, neutral attitude to family values.
Цель. Выявление социально-психологических, личностных и культурных особенностей IT- предпринимателей в России.
Контекст и актуальность. Цифровая трансформация экономики акцентирует внимание общества на новых технологиях. IT-предпринимательство становится желаемой карьерой молодого поколения. Технологическое лидерство страны зависит от социально-психологических и личностных характеристик и установок успешных IT-предпринимателей, а комплексные исследования предпринимателей в IT-сфере в России — редкость.
Дизайн исследования. Социально-психологический портрет современного IT-предпринимателя сформирован с использованием качественных методов исследования на основе социально-психологических и личностных характеристик (внутренний локус контроля, самоактуализация, склонность к риску, установка на достижения), включая ценностные ориентации (семья, творчество, деньги, самореализация) и культурные предпочтения. Рассмотрены один исследовательский вопрос и три гипотезы.
Участники. После предварительного отбора респондентов выбраны наиболее характерные представители предпринимательского социального слоя в IT — 14 предпринимателей-мужчин, владеющих бизнесом в сфере IT, в возрасте от 27 до 35 лет.
Методы (инструменты). Сбор данных проведен с использованием полуструктурированных глубинных интервью на методологической базе, разработанной С.А. Белановским. Для анализа данных выбран тематический анализ теоретического типа (аналитический) с шестиэтапным алгоритмом работы с данными по рекомендациям В. Браун и В. Кларк.
Результаты. Представлен портрет создателя компании в сфере технологий: выявлены некомформность, независимость от семейных ценностей, высокая вовлеченность в работу, стремление к реализации своих целей в бизнесе, низкий интерес к культурным символам и событиям, нематериальная мотивация развития бизнеса. Отмечены отличия российского технологического предпринимателя от предпринимателя в России в целом (семейные и материальные ценности), а также отличия от западных предпринимателей новой волны (некомформность). Все гипотезы подтвердились.
Основные выводы. Pоссийский IT-предприниматель демонстрирует схожие черты в сравнении с современными предпринимателями в других странах. Отличительными особенностями технологического предпринимателя от российских предпринимателей не IT-cферы можно назвать: низкую значимость денег и материального статуса, спокойное отношение к семейным ценностям.
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