This documental study aimed to analyze the projects approved with funding by CNPq, related to Leisure and Sports, in the Physical Education area of knowledge and other Major Areas. Approved projects ...were analyzed from the period 2012 to 2016 in the Universal Public Notice. The search terms used were "leisure", "sport", "physical activity", " exercise". Method Content Analysis was used. Between these years, only 10 projects were approved with the term Leisure and 30 with the term Sport. In other fields, 21 projects with the term Leisure and 16 projects with Sport were approved. In conclusion, there are few studies in leisure and sport’s field with funding, evidencing the negligible investment in the socio-cultural and pedagogical sub-areas related to Leisure and Sports.
Does publicly funded assisted reproductive technology result in improved maternal and infant outcomes?
Publicly funded ART in Quebec was associated with reduced risks of preeclampsia, cesarean ...delivery, preterm birth, low birth weight and other adverse outcomes.
Publicly funded ART programs that provide free access to single embryo transfer are known to decrease the rate of multiple pregnancy, but the impact on other pregnancy outcomes is unknown.
We conducted a pre- and post-comparison study of 597 416 pregnancies conceived between July 2008 and September 2015 in Quebec, Canada, a region where public funding of ART began in August 2010.
We included all pregnant women who conceived by ART (n = 14 309) or spontaneously (n = 583 107) and delivered a live or stillborn infant in hospitals of Quebec. The main exposure measure was conception before versus during the publicly funded ART program. Outcomes included measures of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. We estimated risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals for the association of publicly funded ART with maternal and infant outcomes using log-binomial regression models adjusted for maternal characteristics.
In this study, 2638 pregnancies were conceived by ART before, and 11 671 were conceived by ART, during public funding. Compared with no public funding, ART funding was associated with reduced risks of severe maternal morbidity (RR 0.64, 95% CI 0.50-0.83), preeclampsia (RR 0.55, 95% CI 0.44-0.68), cesarean delivery (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.77-0.89), preterm birth (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.60-0.75), low birth weight (RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.55-0.72), severe neonatal morbidity (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.57-0.99) and neonatal intensive care unit admission (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.53-0.78). When multiple pregnancies were excluded, ART funding continued to be associated with a lower risk of preeclampsia (RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.48-0.79) and preterm birth (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.73-0.99). However, ART funding was associated with increased risk of gestational diabetes.
We had no information on the type of ART, number of in-vitro fertilization cycles or number of embryos transferred. We lacked data on body mass index, ethnicity and smoking and cannot rule out residual confounding.
Our findings suggest that publicly funded ART programs that encourage single embryo transfer may have substantial benefits for a range of maternal and infant outcomes, beyond prevention of multiple births.
This study was supported by grant 6D02363004 from the Public Health Agency of Canada. N.A. acknowledges a career award from the Fonds de recherche du Québec-Santé (34695). The authors declare no competing interests.
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•Financing is an important barrier to developing public nature-based solutions.•The design, implementation and maintenance phases require different financing strategies.•The interplay between policy ...and financing is an important catalyst for investments.•Three approaches are identified to negotiate this interplay, and secure (public) resources.
As climate change continues to impact cities, nature-based solutions (NBS) are being advanced as important adaptation strategies for mitigating these negative effects. As is the case throughout Europe, Flemish cities have enacted adaptation policies and plans outlining the importance of NBS. Nevertheless, the implementation of NBS has been slow. Local governments identify financing as an important barrier. Although private financing is often proposed as a solution, few studies have applied a public-financing perspective to generate insight into and remedies for such issues. In this article, we examine how four Flemish cities are financing NBS implemented in public spaces as climate adaptation strategies. Based on a multiple case study approach, our results uncover that different financing strategies are employed during the design, implementation and maintenance phase of developing NBS projects. Additionally, we learn that the interplay between policy and financing becomes an important catalyst for investments in public NBS. We identified three approaches administrations use to secure (public) resources. During the design phase, support is developed within the administration and politically through (1) fostering internal collaboration by developing integrated spatial NBS designs. In the implementation phase resources are attracted by (2) putting the developed spatial designs to work and seizing available funding opportunities. During the maintenance phase (3) strategic partnerships are established with NBS beneficiaries to alleviate costs for municipalities. We conclude that, in the absence of more long-term forms of public financing, these approaches offer smaller cities tools to overcome the financial barrier.
The legal aspects of regulation of budgetary financing of social services have been analysed, and the main directions of improving the efficiency of the system of budgetary financing of social ...protection and social security of the population of Ukraine in modern conditions have been identified. Based on the analysis of scientific views, theoretical approaches to building a budget system in the context of social protection have been considered. The shortcomings of legal regulation of mechanisms for financing the provision of social protection services have been identified, and the main factors for improving the efficiency of budget financing and the inclusiveness of social protection have been described.
The main task of the State in the context of social protection of the population is to fully and timely fill the relevant budgets and to finance social protection measures within the limits established by the budget. It has been noted that today the State system of budgetary funds management for financing social benefits remains one of the main components of the general and comprehensive social protection system of Ukraine. However, the practice of organising the budget process in Ukraine in the current socio-political conditions is characterised by an imbalance in the state and regional programmes of economic and social development. The main factors of disruptions in the functioning of the system of financing the social protection sector in Ukraine have been considered. There is a gradual reduction in the share of expenditures on social protection and social security from 30 % to 15 % of the consolidated budget in 2016–2022, while social spending is actually growing in monetary terms. It has been determined that although the Budget Code of Ukraine regulates the financial independence of local budgets by assigning to them the relevant sources of budget revenues, the actual level of revenue formation does not allow them to properly fulfil their own powers in the field of social protection of the population.
It has been noted that in the context of decentralisation, amendments to the budget legislation should take into account the provision of real rights to pursue an independent socio-economic policy at the local level and at the same time ensure the effective exercise of their own and delegated powers. Provision of local and regional authorities with revenues sufficient to finance their powers should be done through decentralisation of budgetary funds, which will help to achieve a balance of regional and local budgets.
•The paper sheds light on the unspoken political choices and uneven distributional effects of land-based financing instruments.•It highlights the contribution brought by the political sociology of ...policy instruments to the study of planning and financing solutions.•It studies the MoDEL project, where the sale of publicly-owned military sites was used to fund new facilities in London.•This type of financing instrument limits the use of public land and overlooks alternatives, drives up land values and exacerbates exclusionary effects.
In recent years, the sale of public land has become a fairly widespread financing solution: capital gains obtained from the sale and redevelopment of public land, and secured through the planning system, are employed to fund new public infrastructure or facilities. While this is often presented as an optimum solution for hard-up public authorities, this paper draws on the sociology of policy instruments to shed light on the unspoken political choices and uneven distributional effects of land-based financing. These choices concern the aims of public land use (where financial uses are prioritized over redistributive/productive uses), the roles played by public authorities (whose role as speculative landowner is prioritized over that of land use regulator), and the coordination of both land sales and redevelopment (where market coordination is prioritized over political coordination). Based on a case-study of the Ministry of Defence Estates London (MoDEL) project, this paper shows how these choices have been institutionalized into binding financial calculations and contractual agreements that actually limit the use of public land, overlook alternatives, drive up land values and exacerbate exclusionary effects.
RESUMEN Una nutrición adecuada es fundamental para el crecimiento y desarrollo óptimo de la infancia. En Chile, el Programa de Alimentación Escolar tiene como propósito disminuir la brecha asociada ...con el acceso a la cantidad y calidad de los alimentos en la población de estudiantes vulnerables. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el grado de aceptabilidad de los almuerzos que el Programa ofrece a los estudiantes y sus pérdidas económicas asociadas. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en 528 estudiantes primarios y secundarios de 5 colegios públicos de la comuna de Coquimbo, quienes evaluaron 6 almuerzos mediante la escala sensorial hedónica de 9 puntos, encuesta de características organolépticas, test de ordenación y determinación de porcentaje de ingesta para establecer pérdidas económicas. Se realizó muestreo probabilístico estratificado, ANOVA para análisis de la escala hedónica y porcentaje de ingesta, tablas de contingencia, Chi cuadrado para características organolépticas (p<0,05). Se encontró que la carne de res con fideos tuvo la mayor preferencia y las más bajas aceptaciones fueron frijoles con fideos y pastel de pescado con puré de papas (p<0,05). Las preparaciones con menor aceptabilidad representaron el 82,2% de las pérdidas económicas, principalmente frijoles. Los resultados confirman una baja ingesta de pescado y verduras, que las características de sabor por bajo contenido de sal afectan las preferencias y que existe una relación directa entre la ingesta y la pérdida económica.
This study uses innovation surveys conducted in Chile to evaluate the factors that may explain public financing for innovative activities in small and medium-sized firms (SMEs). The analysis is ...important because small and medium sized firms are the focus of the existing public programs. The estimated results with binary choice models are contrasted with cross-sectional and pseudo-panel data, observing that firms with some types of expenditures on innovative activities in previous year have more probability to obtain public financing.
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