The most important financial economic models of governing and funding the university educational processes are considered. The approaches based on three models – when funding is provided either by ...the state, or by private investors, or on the mixed principle – are described. The Western experience based on the Anglo-Saxon and Continental models is analyzed. The comparative analysis of the key features of the Russian and Western universities is presented.
In modern conditions, financing innovative activities of enterprises is one of the most popular and promising types of capital investment. At the same time, it is the implementation of innovative ...projects of economic entities that is the most costly and risky in terms of capital investment, which leads to underfunding of this type of activity in almost all industries. The article proposes a classification of the forms of financing innovative activities of enterprises in the Russian Federation. Various sources of investment in innovations are analysed, their advantages and disadvantages are investigated. Particular attention is paid to state and leasing forms of financing, which are the most attractive and competitive for business entities, as well as bank loans as one of the most common sources of funds for the implementation of innovative projects. In addition, the article presents the author's methodology for calculating the amount of lease payments, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of using this source of financing for innovative projects. В современных условиях финансирование инновационной деятельности предприятий является одним из самых популярных и перспективных видов вложения капитала. При этом именно реализация инновационных проектов хозяйствующих субъектов является наиболее затратной и рисковой с точки зрения вложения капитала, что приводит к недофинансированию данного вида деятельности практически во всех отраслях. В статье предложена классификация форм финансирования инновационной деятельности предприятий РФ. Проанализированы различные источники инвестирования нововведений, исследованы их преимущества и недостатки. Особое внимание уделено государственной и лизинговой формам финансирования, являющихся наиболее привлекательными и конкурентоспособными для хозяйствующих субъектов, а также банковскому кредиту как одному из самых распространенных источников получения средств для реализации инновационных проектов. Кроме того, в статье представлена авторская методика расчета сумм лизинговых платежей, позволяющая повышать эффективность использования данного источника финансирования инновационных проектов. Объектом исследования в данной работе являются предприятия, осуществляющие инновационную деятельность в РФ. Предмет исследования – механизм финансирования инновационной деятельности предприятий. Цель исследования заключается в выявлении особенностей использования определенных источников и форм финансирования инновационной деятельности предприятий в современных условиях, определении путей решения проблем. Для достижения поставленной цели исследования были проанализированы особенности использования определенных источников и форм финансирования инновационных проектов и про- грамм. Определены достоинства и недостатки каждого источника финансирования, а также выявлены проблемы в применении их и предложены пути решения. Использованы методы статистического анализа с целью выявления затрат на инновации по источникам финансирования в РФ. Разработана методика расчета сумм лизинговых платежей, позволяющая повышать эффективность использования данного источника финансирования инновационных проектов. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы в практической деятельности инновационных предприятий Российской Федерации.
"City, transformed" has shown how Europe’s cities have developed over the last 50 years. The European Investment Bank has adapted alongside them, building a greater, more focused role in urban ...development that takes it into truly innovative areas. Future cities need to face up to challenges in climate, productivity, knowledge, social mobility and resilience. Here’s how the EU bank is setting up to be a partner on that path.
The food sector is a strategic part of the European economy, but it faces many complex challenges: The sector is afraid of risk Spending on innovation is low The sector does not use technology ...adequately The financing landscape is too fragmented To prepare food production for the future, we need more innovation, we must reap the full potential of technology, and we need creative financing.
Evidence is limited on the non-medical factors influencing hospital length of stay (LOS) among paediatric inpatients with diabetes, notably potential social and policy correlates. This study aimed to ...characterize the associations of socioeconomic status and health policy environment with diabetes-attributable LOS to help inform accountability monitoring of a provincial comprehensive diabetes strategy aiming to minimize time in hospital among this high-risk population.
This retrospective population-based study drew on multiple linked administrative and geospatial databases among all children aged 18 and under with a diabetes-related hospitalization in the province of New Brunswick, Canada, during the four-year period following implementation of an insulin pump funding program. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the role of access to the public insulin pump resourcing scheme and relative neighbourhood deprivation as predictors of days spent in acute care, controlling for age, sex, and place of residence.
Among the paediatric inpatient population (N = 386), 21% had accessed social resources made available through the insulin pump funding policy and 42% resided in the most materially deprived neighbourhoods. Diabetes-related hospital stays averaged 3.87 days. Paediatric inpatients having accessed resources through the social insurance policy spent significantly fewer days in hospital (1.34 days less 95% CI: 0.63-2.05) than those who had not, all else being equal. Observed differences in LOS by neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation were not found to be statistically significant in the multivariate analysis.
Findings from this context of universal medical coverage suggested that public policy for supplemental financing of assistive technologies among children with diabetes may be associated with reduced burden to the hospital system. The causes of socioenvironmental disparities in LOS require further investigation to inform interventions to mitigate preventable patient-level variations in hospital-based health outcomes.
This article revisits the evidence on the allocation of external public financing to post-MDRI countries while controlling for heterogeneity across recipient economies through quantile regressions. ...The results show that donors were more selective in terms of institutional quality when allocating aid to countries with the highest income per capita in the sample.
Safeguarding the continued existence of humanity requires building societies that cause minimal disruptions of the essential planetary systems that support life. While major successes have been ...achieved in improving health in recent decades, threats from the environment may undermine these gains, particularly among vulnerable populations and communities. In this article, we review the rationale for governments to invest in environmental Common Goods for Health (CGH) and identify functions that qualify as such, including interventions to improve air quality, develop sustainable food systems, preserve biodiversity, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and encourage carbon sinks. Exploratory empirical analyses reveal that public spending on environmental goods does not crowd out public spending on health. Additionally, we find that improved governance is associated with better performance in environmental health outcomes, while the degrees of people's participation in the political system together with voice and accountability are positively associated with performance in ambient air quality and biodiversity/habitat. We provide a list of functions that should be prioritized by governments across different sectors, and present preliminary costing of environmental CGH. As shown by the costing estimates presented here, these actions need not be especially expensive. Indeed, they are potentially cost-saving. The paper concludes with case examples of national governments that have successfully prioritized and financed environmental CGH. Because societal preferences may vary across time, government leaders seeking to protect the health of future generations must look beyond electoral cycles to enact policies that protect the environment and finance environmental CGH.
Burgas regularly tops the list of best places to live in Bulgaria. Whether enjoying a walk through the resplendent Sea Garden, relaxing on the beautiful central city beach, or enjoying a drink and ...fresh grilled fish at one of the many outdoor bars and restaurants, it is easy to see why tourists like it so much. A key challenge for the city, however, is to extend this good feeling to the off-season, when tourists are few, the economy is less animated, and the central area is almost comatose after dark. The city aims to deliver this transformation with its smart city agenda.
This study aims to understand the perceptions of the tuition fees charging in Canada and China and the perspectives of this practice in Brazil, which is a country where society requires access to ...quality higher education, but which faces large budgetary constraints on its public funding. To understand these questions, a qualitative exploratory multi-case study was carried out with government officials, specialists in higher education, and student leadership from all three countries. In conclusion to this analysis, and considering the benefits provided by the Canadian and Chinese participants, it is suggested for Brazil to perform a reflection on this subject. The study shows that such an initiative can boost public higher education institutions through greater financial availability and democratize access and permanence, as there would be more resources to invest and assist students from underrepresented groups participating in the system.
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