The Music, Arts, Physical Education, and Health Education (MAPEH) is one of the K-12 educational field curricula that aims to improve learning competencies through age-appropriate developmental ...tasks. The Developmental Tasks Theory emphasizes that each stage of life requires certain tasks to be mastered for healthy development and adjustment. Failing to achieve these tasks can negatively impact future stages of development. For intermediate pupils to progress to the next academic level, they must acquire increasing competence and also a sense of responsibility, a realistic perspective, and the potential to self-direct but in order to fulfill these the level of achievement and factors that influence their performances must be determined. The objective of this study was to develop an Instructional Design Model that would serve as an instructional intervention for intermediate pupils. The level of achievement in the MAPEH developmental tasks and the challenges encountered by the pupils were analyzed to develop an instructional design model for MAPEH. Integrating R-2I-2C Pedagogical Approaches based on the theory and findings was created to enhance the teaching of Music, Arts, Physical Education, and Health Education. This compendium of MAPEH lesson plans has been created to seamlessly incorporate R-2I-2C pedagogical approaches.
O Programa de Música, Artes, Educação Física e Educação para a Saúde (MAPEH) é um dos currículos da área educacional de ensino fundamental e médio que visa melhorar as competências de aprendizagem por meio de tarefas de desenvolvimento adequadas à idade. A Teoria das Tarefas de Desenvolvimento enfatiza que cada fase da vida exige que certas tarefas sejam dominadas para um desenvolvimento e ajustamento saudáveis. O não cumprimento dessas tarefas pode impactar negativamente os estágios futuros de desenvolvimento. Para que os alunos intermédios progridam para o nível académico seguinte, devem adquirir competências crescentes e também um sentido de responsabilidade, uma perspectiva realista e o potencial para se auto-dirigirem, mas para atingirem estes objectivos, o nível de desempenho e os factores que influenciam o seu desempenho deve ser determinado. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um Modelo de Design Instrucional que servisse como intervenção instrucional para alunos intermediários. O nível de desempenho nas tarefas de desenvolvimento do MAPEH e os desafios encontrados pelos alunos foram analisados para desenvolver um modelo de design instrucional para o MAPEH. A integração das abordagens pedagógicas R-2I-2C com base na teoria e nos resultados foi criada para aprimorar o ensino de música, artes, educação física e educação para a saúde. Este compêndio de planos de aula MAPEH foi criado para incorporar perfeitamente as abordagens pedagógicas R-2I-2C.
The paper presents the international research study conducted in selected Czech and Russian primary schools in 2020. This research was mainly focused on the issue of pupils' relationships with their ...classmates with special educational needs, who are inclusively educated in regular school classrooms. According to the research results, the attitudes of pupils towards their classmates with special educational needs are rather neutral or even slightly negative in primary schools in both countries. However, most teachers do not consider this a problem affecting the classroom climate at all, and it seems that they do not work effectively with this issue as they are not skilled in this area and do not master the appropriate techniques used in support of pupils' relationships and a quality classroom climate. Although there are some differences between the results in Czech and Russian primary schools, we can suggest the improvement in working with diversity, as well as the development of teachers' skills for teaching heterogeneous peer group in a school classroom.
There are many benefits to facilitating "always-on" pupillary light reflex (PLR)-aware pupil size measurement in eyewear, including improving the reliability of pupil-based cognitive and affective ...load monitoring and enabling PLR-based diagnosis of cognitive and eye-related diseases which have neurological symptoms manifested in the form of aberrant PLR responses. However, the detection of PLR responses for application in eyewear devices for everyday usage, beyond PLR measurement in confined clinical sessions, has not been investigated. To this end, a means of characterizing PLRs in less controlled environmental settings is investigated and subsequently a method of PLR detection is developed and evaluated. A low-cost head-mounted Web camera was used to record near-field eye video sequences which were processed with the self-tuning threshold algorithm for pupil diameter estimation and blink detection. PLR was induced by luminance change of a monitor and brightness change of the displayed image on a monitor. A transient model-based PLR detection algorithm which utilizes the general correlation of PLR amplitude and velocity was developed and evaluated on the data sets in terms of false alarm and false rejection rates. The findings from this research suggest that the PLR can be detected reliably using low-cost wearable pupil-measurement systems without using a separate sensor for detecting the luminance conditions. The correlation between pupil diameter amplitude and maximum velocity of PLR was shown to be sufficiently consistent for PLR detection.
The present study focuses on the question of how the discipline of special education producesknowledge on the subject of ADHD and thereby creates a specific reality of the phenomenon. Due to the ...observation that in schools the label ADHD is used as ‘catch-all-typology’ and a generalisation for abnormal behaviours, it is questioned how ADHD is constructed as a categoryof ‘not_normal’ behaviour within special educational literature. Therefore, an understanding of disability that is inspired by a cultural studies perspective will be applied to the production of knowledge in the field of special education. The goal is to identify institutionalised processes of exclusion and to highlight the necessity of a modified conceptualization of the ‘not_normal’. Transferring perspectives of dis_ability studies to the field of special education, the analysis can be placed within the context of dis_ability studies in education. This supports a differencetheoretical inspired and theoretically founded, empirical research on the subject of inclusion. The body of investigation includes 74 articles published in special education journals and handbooks between 2000 and 2015. The articles have been examined by a critical perspective on power relations and the construction of normality with a discourse analytical concept. As a result, not only the discursive construction of the subject ADHD can be reconstructed. Moreover, it can be shown, how in the discourse of special education ‘normal’ behaviour is differentiated from ‘not_normal’ behaviour, how the students being marked as ‘not_normal’ are requested to re-integrate into the normal zone and which invocations follow this discussion. The findings demonstrate, that the construction of the ‘not_normal’ in the discourse of special education secures prevailing norms in school and that this is accompanied by individualistic attributions and constraints.
Im Zentrum dieser Arbeit steht die Frage, wie die Disziplin der (Sonder-)Pädagogik1 Wissen zum Gegenstand ADHS produziert und damit eine spezifische Wirklichkeit des Phänomens hervorbringt. Aufgrund der Beobachtung, dass das Label ADHS im schulischen Kontext eine Generalisierung ‚nicht_normaler‘ Verhaltensweisen darstellt, wird untersucht, wie das Phänomen ADHS auf der Ebene (sonder-)pädagogischer Wissensbestände als eine Kategorie ‚nicht_ normalen‘ Verhaltens konstruiert wird. Dazu wird einem kulturwissenschaftlich inspirierten Verständnis von Behinderung gefolgt, das auf Konstruktionsprozesse des (sonder-)pädagogischen Feldes übertragen wird. Dies hat zum Ziel, institutionalisierte Ausgrenzungsprozesse zu erfassen und die Notwendigkeit einer veränderten Konzeptualisierung des ‚Nicht_Normalen‘ herauszustellen. Durch den Transfer der Perspektiven der Dis_ability Studies auf die (sonder-) pädagogische Wissensproduktion kann ein Beitrag zum Ansatz der Dis_ability Studies in Education geliefert werden, der eine differenztheoretisch inspirierte und theoretisch fundierte, empirische Inklusionsforschung unterstützt. Gegenstand des empirischen Teils dieser Arbeit ist ein Korpus von 74 wissenschaftlichen Artikeln, das sich aus 49 (sonder-)pädagogischen Fachzeitschriften- und 25 Handbuchartikeln zusammensetzt, die zwischen 2000 und 2015 erschienen sind. Untersucht werden diese mit einer normalismus- und machtkritischen Perspektive durch ein diskurstheoretisches Konzept. Dadurch wird es nicht nur möglich, die diskursive Konstruktion des Gegenstands ADHS zu rekonstruieren. Vielmehr noch wird nachgezeichnet, wie im (sonder-)pädagogischen Interdiskurs die Grenze zwischen ‚normalen‘ und ‚nicht_normalen‘ Verhaltensweisen gezogen wird, welche Angebote die als ‚nicht_normal‘ markierten Schüler_innen zur Reintegration in die Normalzone erhalten und mit welchen Adressierungen diese Beschäftigung einhergeht. Durch die auf den einzelnen Analyseebenen identifizierten Befunde wird deutlich, dass die Konstruktion des ‚Nicht_Normalen‘ im (sonder-)pädagogischen Fachdiskurs die im schulischen Kontext bestehende Normalität schützt und dass sich diese Schutzfunktion durch individualistische Zuschreibungen und Zwänge auszeichnet.
The study of gaze perception has largely focused on a single cue (the eyes) in two-dimensional settings. While this literature suggests that 2D gaze perception is shaped by atypical development, as ...in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), gaze perception is in reality contextually-sensitive, perceived as an emergent feature conveyed by the rotation of the pupils and head. We examined gaze perception in this integrative context, across development, among children and adolescents developing typically or with ASD with both 2D and 3D stimuli. We found that both groups utilized head and pupil rotations to judge gaze on a 2D face. But when evaluating the gaze of a physically-present, 3D robot, the same ASD observers used eye cues less than their typically-developing peers. This demonstrates that emergent gaze perception is a slowly developing process that is surprisingly intact, albeit weakened in ASD, and illustrates how new technology can bridge visual and clinical science.
Aim:
To investigate the impact of concussion on pupillary function in children by examining pupillometric parameters and assessing for differences in children reporting photosensitivity.
Methods:
...Retrospective chart review was performed of pediatric patients referred for visual symptoms after concussion from 2017 to 2018 seen in a single academic outpatient clinic. Pupillometry data of 92 patients were included. Outcomes were compared to normative pediatric data from the same institution by 2-sample t tests. The association between photosensitivity and each outcome was assessed by use of linear mixed models with photosensitivity as a fixed effect and random patient effect.
Results:
Outcomes of 181 eyes in 92 concussion patients were averaged by patient and compared to normative values in scotopic conditions. Concussion patients had an average age of 13.8 ± 2.64 years. Average constriction velocity (P = .0008), maximum constriction velocity (P = .0012), and average dilation velocity (P = .0034) were faster in concussion patients, whereas 75% recovery times (P = .0027) was increased. Photosensitivity did not significantly affect measured pupillary responses.
Conclusion:
Dynamic pupillary responses may be increased in pediatric concussion. Pupillometry may provide insight into the complex pathophysiological changes underlying pediatric concussion.
During the past decade, numerous schools in Sweden have implemented education for sustainable development (ESD) as an explicit guiding approach in teaching. In this paper, we investigate the effect ...of this approach in comparison with that of pupils taught in ordinary schools. Accordingly, we introduce the concept of sustainability consciousness to represent the holistic view of sustainability. Within the concept of sustainability consciousness, we combine and investigate the environmental, economic, and social dimensions of sustainable development in terms of sustainability knowingness, attitudes, and behavior. A Likert-scale questionnaire with 50 items was developed to evaluate pupils' sustainability consciousness through a nationwide study in Sweden. A total of 1773 pupils from the 6th and 9th grades participated. The results indicated that the ESD profile schools had a small positive effect on the pupils' sustainability consciousness, while in grade 9 the effect was negative. The implications for further ESD implementation are discussed.
This study investigates the association between multicultural school leadership, multicultural teaching and majority pupils' ethnic prejudice. Multilevel analyses were carried out on data of 2006 ...Flemish pupils in 38 Flemish secondary schools, collected through a written questionnaire. Multicultural leadership is not related to pupils' ethnic prejudice or teachers' degree of using examples and information from different cultures in their subject area. Nevertheless, when teachers implement more multicultural teaching, Flemish pupils seem to be less ethnically prejudiced. Preservice school leaders and teachers must be prepared to create a more multicultural school culture by learning how to cope with conflicting interethnic relations.
•We examine how multicultural school leadership, multicultural teaching is related to majority pupils' ethnic prejudice.•Multicultural leadership is not related to majority pupils' ethnic prejudice.•Multicultural leadership is not related to teachers' multicultural practices.•Teachers' multicultural practices are related to majority pupils' ethnic prejudice.
The ability to perform quantitative and automated neurological assessment could enhance diagnosis and treatment in the pre-hospital setting, such as during telemedicine or emergency medical services ...(EMS) encounters. Such a tool could be developed by adapting clinically significant information such as symmetry of eye movement or conjugate eye movement. Here we describe a digital camera-based eye tracking method "NeuroGaze" to capture the symmetry of eye movement while performing neurological eye examination. The proposed method was developed based on detecting the center of the pupil for both eyes from a given video and measuring eye conjugacy by transforming the pupil center coordinates to relative gaze. The method was tested on healthy volunteers while performing three neurological eye examinations 1 . We also compared our proposed approach to state-of-the-art digital camera-based eye-tracking methods and commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) eye trackers. NeuroGaze outperformed digital camera-based eye tracking methods by reporting a mean Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient of 0.86 for the H-test, 0.87 for the Dot-test, and 0.56 for the OKN-Test, and shows similarity in trends for the relative gaze trajectories with a noticeable offset in the scale of the relative gaze angle compared to COTS eye tracker (see Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">1 ). The study demonstrates that by using a pupil-center-based eye-tracking method, a digital camera can measure clinically relevant information regarding eye movement.
Objective measurements of transverse chromatic aberration (TCA) between two or more wavelengths with an adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AOSLO) are very accurate, but frequent ...measurements are impractical in many experimental settings. Here, we demonstrate a pupil tracker that can accurately measure relative changes in TCA that are caused by small shifts in the pupil relative to the AOSLO imaging beam. Corrections for TCA caused by these shifts improve the measurement of TCA as a function of eccentricity, revealing a strong linear relationship. We propose that pupil tracking be integrated into AOSLO systems, where robust and unobtrusive control of TCA is required.
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