This editorial describes how research in primary health care can be used to influence policy. It draws on previous literature to give an example from the UK of how research in one part of primary ...care, the health-visiting service, has endeavoured to use evidence to influence policy and practice. The editorial considers frameworks for policy implementation such as Bardach’s eight phase approach and concepts that can inform policy implementation such as Lipsky’s Street-Level Bureaucrat approach.
This report provides an assessment of the flexibility and proportionality arrangements available within corporate governance frameworks that relate to seven areas of regulation: pre-emptive rights; ...board composition, board committees and board member qualifications; say on pay and the detail of disclosure on remuneration; related party transactions; disclosure of periodic financial information and ad-hoc information; major shareholding disclosure, and takeovers. It covers 39 jurisdictions, including in-depth case studies of the United Kingdom; Sweden; Italy; Japan; the United States of America, and Portugal and is based in part on a questionnaire to which all participating jurisdictions in 2017 responded.
Primary care physicians use various tools and methods to identify medically unexplained symptoms (MUS). The main purpose of our study is to determine the views of Slovenian family medicine trainees ...(FMT) about using the "Careful Assessment" tool for managing patients with MUS.
A qualitative study using open survey questions focused on the experience of family medicine trainees in managing patients with MUS. The sample consisted of surveys from 184 family medicine trainees. These trainees analysed a total of 702 patients with MUS. Manual coding was used for quantitative content analysis.
In the coding process, 49 codes were developed that included broader research fields about using the "Careful Assessment" tool for managing patients with MUS. The codes were grouped into four theoretically grounded, logical categories in accordance with the elaborated theoretical concept: multi-purpose utility; improved patient management; in-depth knowledge and new skills; and patient response.
The study demonstrated that, in the view of Slovenian FMT, the "Careful Assessment" tool has multi-purpose utility. The study showed that FMT felt that this tool helps them in systematic patient management. Their opinion is that it helps them establish a trusting relationship with patients, which is a precondition for providing further treatment.
Future nurses should possess the knowledge and competences necessary to ensure patient safety. However, little evidence is available on the way in which students learn patient safety-related ...principles over time. This study explored the progress of a cohort of Italian undergraduate nursing students as they acquired patient safety knowledge and competences from time of enrolment to graduation.
A longitudinal study carried out between 2015 and 2018 enrolled a cohort of 90 nursing students from two Italian Bachelor of Nursing Science Degree Courses at the Udine University, Italy. The students were followed-up on an annual basis and data collection was performed three times: at the end of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd years. The validated Italian version of the Professional Education in Patient Safety Survey tool was used to collect data.
At the end of the 1st year, students reported an average 4.19 out of 5 patient safety knowledge acquired in classrooms (CI 95%, 4.11-4.28), which was stable at the end of the 2nd (4.16; CI 95%, 4.06-4.26) and 3rd years (4.26; CI 95%, 4.16-4.32) and no statistical differences emerged over the years. With regard to the competences acquired in clinical settings, at the end of the 1st year the students reported an average 4.28 out of 5 (CI 95%, 4.20-4.37), which decreased significantly at the end of the 2nd year (4.15; CI 95%, 4.07-4.23; p=0.02) and increased at the end of the 3rd year (4.37; CI 95%, 4.27-4.47; p<0.01).
Nursing students' competences in patient safety issues increases over time, while their knowledge remains stable. Students are more vulnerable at the end of the 1st year, when they seem to be overconfident about patient-safety issues.
The hill of Panorama in Ptuj is one of the most important areas of Roman Poetovio. Chance finds and small-scale excavations in the past centuries have revealed the existence of significant ...archaeological remains that included buildings with numerous rooms and objects dedicated to a variety of deities, the remains of a sanctuary dedicated to the Nutrices, an Early Christian church, an aqueduct and a cemetery. The geophysical investigations have revealed the urban design with a rectilinear grid of streets and building plots.The first few chapters of the book present the history of archaeological research on Panorama, the analytical approaches and the geophysical investigations with the methods employed and the final results. The main chapters correlate the archaeological data of differing quality and nature (chance finds, rescue excavations, old and modern archaeological investigations, geophysical surveys) and locate them with a series of plans. The comprehensive overview is supported by a Catalogue of stone monuments that presents the basic data, descriptions, bibliography, commentary and photographs of the stone objects recovered on Panorama.
Objectives were to estimate the lifetime prevalence of self-reported sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and describe STIs healthcare.
Data was collected in the period 2016-2017 from a probability ...sample of the general population, 18-49 years old, at respondents' homes by a combination of face-to-face interviews and self-administration of more sensitive questions. Statistical methods for complex survey data were used to account for stratification, clustered sampling, and weighting.
Approximately every tenth sexually experienced individual reported to have had genitourinary symptoms suggestive of STIs, but only a minority of them reported to have had those respective STIs diagnosed. The proportion of sexually experienced individuals that reported to have ever been diagnosed with an STI (excluding trichomoniasis, pubic lice for men and women, and pelvic inflammatory disease, vaginal thrush, bacterial vaginosis for women) was 2.4% for men and 6.7% for women (p<0.001). Independent risk factors associated with self-reported STIs in women included at least 10 lifetime sexual partners and having been forced into sex. The majority of the last STI episodes in women were treated by gynaecologists accessible at the primary healthcare level and in men by a dermatovenerologist, after referral by a general practitioner. Approximately half of STI patients were counselled for safer sex and majority reported to have notified their sexual contacts.
Our estimates for lifetime prevalence of self-reported STIs in a probability sample of Slovenian sexually experienced men and women, 18-49 years old, indicate a substantial national burden of STIs. The results will inform national STI prevention and control policies and strategies.
Expanding and building on the measures included in the original 1994 volume, Communication Research Measures II: A Sourcebook provides new measures in mass, interpersonal, instructional, and ...group/organizational communication areas, and highlights work in newer subdisciplines in communication, including intercultural, family, and health. It also includes measures from outside the communication discipline that have been employed in communication research.
The measures profiled here are "the best of the best" from the early 1990s through today. They are models for future scale development as well as tools for the trade, and they constitute the main tools that researchers can use for self-administered measurement of people's attitudes, conceptions of themselves, and perceptions of others. The focus is on up-to-date measures and the most recent scales and indexes used to assess communication variables.
Providing suggestions for measurement of concepts of interest to researchers; inspiring students to consider research directions not considered previously; and supplying models for scale developers to follow in terms of the work necessary to produce a valid and reliable measurement instrument in the discipline, the authors of this key resource have developed a significant contribution toward improving measurement and providing measures for better science.
Part I
Measurement Trends and Issues
Measurement in Family Communication – Elizabeth E. Graham & Joseph P. Mazer
Measurement in Organizational and Group Communication – David R. Seibold
Measurement in Health Communication – Nichole Egbert & Rebecca B. Rubin
Measurement in Instructional Communication – Rebecca B. Rubin
Measurement in Cross-Cultural and Intercultural Communication – David R. Seibold, Rebecca B. Rubin, & Alan M. Rubin
Measurement in Interpersonal Communication -- Elizabeth E. Graham & Scott Titsworth
Measurement in Mass Communication – Elizabeth M. Perse
Part II
Measure Profiles
Affectionate Communication Index
Attachment Style Measure
Aukland Individualism and Collectivism Scale
Child-Parent Communication Apprehension
Cognitive Elaboration Scale
Communication Functions Questionnaire
Communicative Response to Romantic Jealousy Scale
Family Communication Standards Instrument
Group Development Questionnaire
Humor Orientation Scale
Individuals’ Criteria for Telling Family Secrets
Intercultural Development Inventory
Interpersonal Communication Competence Scale
Interpersonal Dominance Instrument
Learner Empowerment
Listening Styles Profile
Marital Opinion Questionnaire
Measure of Source Credibility
Medical Communication Competence Scale
Normative Message Processing Scale
Organizational Assimilation Index
Organizational Dissent Scale
Organizational Listening Survey
Organizational Reputation Scale
Organizational Temporality Scale
Organizational-Public Relationship Scale
Patient Self-Advocacy Scale
Perceived Message Sensation Value Scale
Perceived Power Measure
Perceived Teacher Confirmation Scale
Perceptions of Television Reality
Personal Report of Marital Virtues Scale
Presence Questionnaire
Reactance Restoration Scale
Relational Distance Index
Relational Maintenance Strategy Measure
Relational Uncertainty Measure
Reticence Scale
Revised Family Communication Pattern Instrument
Revised learning Indicators Scale
Risk Behavior Diagnosis Scale
Sad Film Scale
Self-Assessment Manikin
Self-Construal Scales
Sexual Harassment Proclivity Index
Small Group Relational Satisfaction Scale
Small Group Socialization Scale
Social Presence Scale
Socio-Communicative Style
Student Motives to Communicate Scale
Teacher Misbehaviors Scale
Television Addiction Scale
Television Mediation Scale
Third Person Effect
Topic Avoidance
Willingness to Censor Survey
Part III
Measures Imported from Related Disciplines – Alan M. Rubin
Aggression, Hostility, and Anger
Anxiety
Locus of Control
Loneliness
Need for Cognition
Personality Traits
Self-Esteem
Sensation Seeking
Shyness and Sociability
Social Desirability
Author Index
Subject Index
Rebecca B. Rubin (Ph.D., University of Illinois, 1975) is Professor Emerita at Kent State University (Ohio, USA), having served as Director of the KSU Communication Research Center and Graduate Coordinator of the School of Communication Studies. Her areas of expertise include interpersonal relationship development, communication competence assessment, instructional communication, and the interface of personal and mediated communication. Besides having written or edited several books and chapters—including Volume I of Communication Research Measures: A Sourcebook--and serving recently as the Educational Communication Area Editor of the International Encyclopedia of Communication, Becky’s research has been published in many communication journals, placing her as one of the most prolific researchers in the discipline.
Alan M. Rubin (Ph.D., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) is Professor Emeritus and Director Emeritus of the School of Communication Studies at Kent State University (Ohio, USA). He has studied the uses and effects of the media, including news and entertainment, personal and mediated communication, and newer communication technologies. In addition to books and chapters, he has published in such journals as the Journal of Communication (JOC), the Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media (JOBEM), Human Communication Research , and Communication Research. He is past editor of the JOC and JOBEM, and has served on numerous editorial boards and as a consultant to media, industry, and education. He is a Fellow of the International Communication Association and received the Distinguished Scholar Award from the Broadcast Education Association.
Elizabeth E. Graham (Ph.D. Kent State University, 1987) is a professor in the School of Communication Studies at Ohio University (USA). She teaches courses in interpersonal communication, research methods, and statistics on the undergraduate and graduate level. Her research interests include communication in families experiencing transition, change, and reconfiguration. In addition to contributing to the first volume of the Research Measures: A Sourcebook, her research has been published in Communication Monographs, Communication Education, Communication Quarterly, Western Journal of Communication, Communication Research Reports, and Communication Reports . She also serves on several editorial boards. Until recently, Beth was the University Ombuds at Ohio University.
Elizabeth M. Perse (Ph.D., Kent State University, 1987) is Professor and Chair of the Department of Communication at the University of Delaware, Newark (USA). She is currently researching and teaching mass communication theory and the uses of newer communication technologies. She has been identified as a prolific researcher in Communication, having published one scholarly book, two textbooks, and more than 50 journal articles and book chapters. Her research has been published in such journals as Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, Communication Research, Journal of Communication, Human Communication Research, Communication Quarterly, Communication Research Reports, Journalism Quarterly, and Health Communication. Betsy serves on several editorial boards and is a past Chair of the Mass Communication Division of NCA.
David R. Seibold (Ph.D., Michigan State University, 1975) is Professor of Communication (Division of Social Sciences), and Co-Director of the Graduate Program in Management Practice (College of Engineering), at the University of California, Santa Barbara (USA). Author of more than 100 publications on organizational communication, group processes, and interpersonal influence, his scholarship has appeared in all of the major journals in communication and in venues across nearly a half-dozen disciplines. He has received numerous research and teaching awards, and in 2006 was elected a Distinguished Scholar in the National Communication Association. A former chair of interpersonal, group and organizational communication divisions in the International Communication Association and the National Communication Association, Dave also is a past editor of the Journal of Applied Communication Research and serves on the boards of many other journals. He also has consulted widely with many more than 75 business, government, and health organizations.
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