This paper presents an eyetracking study on language reception in a multilingual society. It focuses on the reading behavior of 23 trilingual participants from South Tyrol, Italy, who speak and ...understand Italian, German and Ladin, the latter a minority language in that area. The eyetracking data show whether all three languages displayed on informational signs are read and processed, and whether processing depends on specific influential factors dependent of the participants or presentation of the language versions. This type of eyetracking application poses several methodological issues which are discussed in the paper. The eyetracking data are triangulated with data from a speech production task and a self-assessment of language skills. The initial results, show that Ladin is preferred over German and Italian in terms of overall fixation duration, that the order of processing follows the marked position top to bottom and left to right, and that participant's language used to describe the processed signs matches that of the language with the most attention per stimulus. Concerning specific language processing strategies initial interpretations are given which must be followed up on.
How do readers experience literary narrative? Drawing on narrative theory, cognitive science, and the philosophy of mind, this book offers a principled account of the dynamics underlying readers' ...responses to narrative. Through its interdisciplinary approach,this study combines close readings of literary texts and theoretical discussion in ways that shed light on the deep connection between narrative, literary fiction, and human experience.
This preface engages with the concept of echo as a creative way of generating ideas on how to assess issues in the reception history of a scripture text -- here, Galatians 6:17.
Angesichts der fortschreitenden Publikation der Encyclopedia of the Bible and Its Reception (EBR), der Weiterarbeit an den Bänden des Evangelisch-Katholischen Kommentars zum Neuen Testament (EKK) und ...der Fortsetzung von Blackwell's Kommentarserie Through the Centuries lautet die Leitfrage des vorliegenden Artikels: Wie kann zur Theoretisierung und Methodisierung einer Rezeptionsgeschichte des Neuen Testaments beigetragen werden? Um diese Frage zu beantworten und Perspektiven zu entwerfen, unternimmt der Artikel den Versuch einer neuerlichen Klärung der Begriffe ‘Wirkungsgeschichte’ / ‘wirkungsgeschichtliches Bewusstsein’, ‘Auslegungsgeschichte’, ‘Rezeptionsgeschichte’ und schlägt zwei Fragenkataloge vor, die das Vorgehen einer cross-temporal und cross-cultural ausgerichteten Rezeptionskritik des Neuen Testaments inhaltlich und methodisch reflektieren und kontrollieren.
Objective: A review of the development, evaluation, and application of the so-called 'matrix sentence test' for speech intelligibility testing in a multilingual society is provided. The format allows ...for repeated use with the same patient in her or his native language even if the experimenter does not understand the language. Design: Using a closed-set format, the syntactically fixed, semantically unpredictable sentences (e.g. 'Peter bought eight white ships') provide a vocabulary of 50 words (10 alternatives for each position in the sentence). The principles (i.e. construction, optimization, evaluation, and validation) for 14 different languages are reviewed. Studies of the influence of talker, language, noise, the training effect, open vs. closed conduct of the test, and the subjects' language proficiency are reported and application examples are discussed. Results: The optimization principles result in a steep intelligibility function and a high homogeneity of the speech materials presented and test lists employed, yielding a high efficiency and excellent comparability across languages. The characteristics of speakers generally dominate the differences across languages. Conclusion: The matrix test format with the principles outlined here is recommended for producing efficient, reliable, and comparable speech reception thresholds across different languages.
The article deals with the genesis of Jiří Levý's monograph The Art of Translation, one of his most important works and one of the fundamental works of Czech translatology. It discusses the original ...Czech version, its different later editions, translated versions that have appeared over time, and the foreign reception of this work.
In questo testo si propone una lettura della peste raccontata nel Decameron che prenda in esame la presenza di possibili stratificazioni o risonanze di fonti antiche e medievali che si possono ...intuire nel racconto che Giovanni Boccaccio offre all’inizio della sua opera, quando narra l’origine e conseguenze della peste scatenatasi nel 1348, terribile avvenimento che fa da sfondo e cornice al racconto. Nelle prossime pagine si prenderà in esame sia il debito che Boccaccio ha con la Historia Longobardorum di Paolo Diacono, considerata la fonte principale da cui attinse l’autore fiorentino per dare voce e corpo alla pestilenza fiorentina del XIV secolo, sia alcuni dettagli che sono presenti nel racconto e che sembrano richiamare altre narrazioni.
In 1968 a team of scientists and engineers from RCA announced the creation of a new form of electronic display that relied upon an obscure set of materials known as liquid crystals. At a time when ...televisions utilized bulky cathode ray tubes to produce an image, these researchers demonstrated how liquid crystals could electronically control the passage of light. One day, they predicted, liquid crystal displays would find a home in clocks, calculators—and maybe even a television that could hang on the wall.Half a century later, RCA's dreams have become a reality, and liquid crystals are the basis of a multibillion-dollar global industry. Yet the company responsible for producing the first LCDs was unable to capitalize upon its invention. In The TVs of Tomorrow, Benjamin Gross explains this contradiction by examining the history of flat-panel display research at RCA from the perspective of the chemists, physicists, electrical engineers, and technicians at the company's central laboratory in Princeton, New Jersey.Drawing upon laboratory notebooks, internal reports, and interviews with key participants, Gross reconstructs the development of the LCD and situates it alongside other efforts to create a thin, lightweight replacement for the television picture tube. He shows how RCA researchers mobilized their technical expertise to secure support for their projects. He also highlights the challenges associated with the commercialization of liquid crystals at RCA and Optel—the RCA spin-off that ultimately manufactured the first LCD wristwatch. The TVs of Tomorrow is a detailed portrait of American innovation during the Cold War, which confirms that success in the electronics industry hinges upon input from both the laboratory and the boardroom.
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