Photovoltaic (PV) production and installation surge in recent years because of technology development and policy orientation. However, due the deadlines of subsidy set by Chinese government, most of ...the PV projects are carried out in a hurry and quality issues appear. Some equipment turn out to be inferiors. The demand for subsequent treatment for PV components will surge in the early future. However, the insufficiency of recycle facilities and supporting policies, lack of public focus, make it difficult. For a better planning of PV recycle, an optimization model is applied to study on the optimal deployment of PV recycle centers in China during 2040 to 2045 based on cost minimization. Transportation cost for PV modules, capital cost and operational cost for recycle center in different provinces are taken into consideration of objective functions. The result indicates that the peak of PV components recycle will arrive around 2042. At the early stage, recycle centers will be established in Zhejiang, Guangdong, and Shanxi province, considering the intensive installation and convenient transportation. The discarded PV panels will be transported to those provinces. Then, as the recycle demand surging, recycle centers will be scattered in many provinces, such as Jiangsu, Ningxia, Hebei, Inner Mongolia and so on. Most of the PV components will be recycled within the installed provinces.
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•Sustainable development and resource recovery from biowaste is review.•Comprehensive explained biowaste treatment technology.•Introduce the public participate in implement waste ...reduce and recycle policy.•Biowaste biorefinery systems in circular economy was discuss.
With the huge energy demand inevitably exacerbates the non-renewable resources depletion and ecological-social challenges, renewable energy has become a crucial participant in sustainable strategy. Biorefinery emerged as a sustainable approach and recognized promising transformation platforms for products, to achieve circular bioeconomy which focuses on the biomass efficient and sustainable valorization, promotes resource regeneration and restorative. The emerged biowaste biorefinery has proved as sustainable approach for integrated bioproducts and further applied this technology in industrial, commercial, agricultural and energy sectors. Based on carbon neutral sustainable development, this review comprehensive explained the biowaste as renewable resource generation and resource utilization technologies from the perspective of energy, nutrient and material recovery in the concept of biorefinery. Integrate biorefinery concepts into biowaste management is promise for conversion biowaste into value-added materials and contribute as driving force to cope with resource scarcity, climate changes and huge material demand in circular bioeconomy. In practice, the optimal of biorefinery technologies depends on environmentally friendly, economic and technical feasibility, social and policy acceptance. Additionally, policy interventions are necessary to promote biowaste biorefinery implements for circular bioeconomy and contribute to low-carbon cleaner environment.
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•Gallic acid (GA) promoted the oxidation of BDE47 in Fe(III)/PMS process.•BDE47 degradation kinetics followed a first fast stage and a second slow stage.•The intermediates of GA ...accelerated Fe cycling and led to enhanced PMS activation.•SO4− and HO oxidation rather than Fe(IV) oxidation played the dominant role.•Plant polyphenols can be used to replace GA for field application.
Fe(II)-catalyzed peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation process was able to degrade persistent organic pollutants, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), but the slow transformation rate from the generated Fe(III) to Fe(II) restricted the efficiency of this process. In this study, we found that the addition of small quantities of gallic acid (GA), a model compound of natural polyphenols, in the Fe(III)/PMS process (namely GA/Fe(III)/PMS process) could exert a long-term influence on Fe(II) recycle and accelerated the degradation of 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE47) over 72 h. Under conditions of 20.3 µM GA, 13.6 µM Fe(III) and 400 µM PMS, the degradation efficiency of BDE47 reached 85%, which was 9.4 times higher than that in the Fe(III)/PMS process. The degradation kinetics can be divided into an initial “fast stage” (kobs1 = 0.298 h−1) and a second “slow stage” (kobs2 = 0.021 h−1). Aromatic radicals such as hydroxycyclohexadienyl radical (poly-HCD) produced by the attack of SO4−/HO on GA was proposed to be responsible for Fe(II) recycle in the first stage, while ring-opened products following SO4−/HO attack of GA-quinone mainly initiated Fe(III) reduction in the second stage. Owing to the multiple Fe(III) reduction pathways, PMS would be continuously activated by Fe(II) to form SO4− and HO, which were the dominant reactive species for BDE47 degradation. Finally, natural polyphenols extracted from green tea were proven effective in enhancing BDE47 degradation in Fe(III)/PMS process. This study not only provides a new way to propagate Fe(II)-activated persulfate chain reactions for the degradation of refractory organic contaminants, like PBDEs, but also sheds new insight into the reactivity of organic byproducts toward Fe in PMS-based oxidation system.
This type of research is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach that aims to determine the economic value of waste through the concept of recycling to support the SDGs program for ...sustainable economic improvement. The results showed that the total composition of waste in TPA Kabinuang Tolitoli consisted of 35% inorganic waste and 65% organic waste. The types of waste that can be recycled include kitchen waste, leaves and plants, plastic, paper, cloth, rubber, glass, wood, and iron. If accumulated, as much as 100 kg of solid waste based on its type generates an economic value of IDR 270,400. This economic value becomes the basis, reference and encouragement for the community to be able to sort waste in order to improve the community's economy in a sustainable manner.
Electrifying transportation through the large-scale implementation of electric vehicles (EVs) is an effective route for mitigating urban atmospheric pollution and greenhouse gas emissions and ...alleviating petroleum-derived fossil fuel reliance. However, huge dumps of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have emerged worldwide as a consequence of their extensive use in EVs. With the increasing shortage in LIB raw materials, the recycling of spent LIBs has become a fundamental part of a sustainable approach for energy storage applications, considering the potential economic and environmental benefits. In this mini-review, we will provide a state-of-the-art overview of LIB recycling processes (e.g., echelon utilization, pretreatment, valuable metal leaching and separation). We then discuss the sustainability of current LIB recycling processes from the perspectives of life cycle assessment (LCA) and economic feasibility. Finally, we highlight the existing challenges and possibilities of LIB recycling processes and provide future directions that can bridge the gap between proof-of-concept bench demonstrations and facility-scale field deployments through mutual efforts from academia, industry, and government. It is expected that this review could provide a guideline for enhancing spent LIB recycling and facilitating the sustainable development of the field.
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•Summary of the main technologies in spent LIB recycling•The sustainability of current LIB recycling processes is discussed.•Highlight the existing challenges and possibilities of LIB recycling processes
The market for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has grown so well in the past few years or decades that the disposal or wastage of the lithium-ion battery has been increasing day by day. The primary goal ...of the proposed work is to provide a systematic evaluation of “state-of-art” study on the lithium-ion battery industries towards circularity. A circular economy treats all materials as a resource which minimizes extra consumption, waste of resources and production waste while maximizing durability, reliability, and value. Recycling is one of the most efficient techniques to recover materials from used LIB and recirculate them throughout the vital supply chain. In the present study, the various recycling strategies for used LIBs are examined and classified according to current waste treatment technology schemes.
Glass was introduced as an additive to filaments used for the manufacturing of composite materials, employed by Additive Manufacturing applications. Glass accounts for a large waste electric and ...electronic equipment (WEEE) percentage, and its recovery and recycling can lead to the production of sustainable composite materials. In this work, poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/commercially available silicon oxide composite filaments were manufactured and their structural, thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties were assessed. Scanning Electron Microscopy confirmed the 1:2 ratio of silicon: oxygen, along with the relatively low adhesion between the filler and the matrix. Differential Scanning Calorimetry presented steady glass transition and melting temperatures of composites, whereas a crystallization temperature of 10% wt. and a crystallinity of 15% wt. composite slightly increased. Rheological analysis showcased that the viscosity of the composite filaments decreased compared to PLA (10-100 compared to 300-400 Pa·s), with a more shear-thinning behavior. Dynamic mechanical analysis exhibited increased elastic, flexural moduli, and flexural strength of composites (up to 16, 23, and 11%, respectively), whereas tensile strength and elongation decreased. The affordability of raw materials (with the future introduction of recycled ones) and the minimal processing steps can lead to the potential scaling up of the study.
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