U radu se prikazuje razvoj zdravstvene politike Hrvatske od druge polovice 19. stoljeća pa sve do kraja 2006. godine, s time da se najveća pozornost posvećuje tranzicijskom razdoblju. Analiza počiva ...na tri osnovna stupa: prikazu ključnih zakona i reformi (koji oblikuju politiku), analizi društvenih učinaka zdravstvenog sustava (ključni zdravstveni indikatori, troškovi sustava te prava osiguranika) te analizi društvenih okolnosti i ključnih aktera zdravstvene politike Hrvatske. Ona pokazuje da niz reformskih zahvata (pogotovo učestalih u tranzicijskom razdoblju), premda je kratkoročno uspijevao sanirati najakutnije financijske probleme, nije uspijevao adresirati ključna pitanja financiranja, dostupnosti i kvalitete zdravstvene zaštite. Analiza također pokazuje da niz zdravstvenih indikatora ne daje jednoznačnu sliku zdravstvenog sustava Hrvatske jer je moguće identificirati one koji govore o povoljnim, ali i o nepovoljnim vidovima zdravstvene zaštite. Na kraju se rada, ukazivanjem kako na vrlo kompleksne vidove zdravstvenog sustava tako i društvenog konteksta, pledira za javnu i stručnu raspravu koja može pomoći u razrješavanju barem nekih dilema daljnjeg razvoja zdravstvene politike Hrvatske.
Poverty in the Philippines is a rural phenomenon. The greater percentage of the poor is dependent on agriculture. Most of them are tenants; they do not own the land they fill. The Comprehensive ...Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) was envisioned to alleviate if not to eliminate poverty through its three components of: Land Tenure Improvement (LTI) Agrarian Justice Delivery (AJD) and Program Beneficiaries Development (PBD). This study evaluated the implementation of CARP and its perceived impact to the economic development of farmer-beneficiaries in two Agrarian Reform Communities. Findings revealed that the implementation of Land Tenure Improvement (LTI) and the Agrarian Justice Delivery (AJD) was very satisfactory. The program Beneficiaries Development (PBD) component was rated as simply satisfactory. CARP implementation was perceived to have improved much farm productivity while moderate improvement to farmers' income and their basic needs satisfaction. The marked improvement in farm productivity was not allowed on the same degree by improvement in income due to other intervening factors such as high production cost, high interest rate and short term payment period of agricultural loans and unforeseen natural calamities and climate change. It is concluded, that CARP achieved improvement in the economic development of farmer-beneficiaries but there are a lot more to do for poverty alleviation and improvement of the quality of life of farmers. It is recommended to conduct a deeper study and together with the farmers come up with a more effective strategy to achieve its objective of improving the life of the rural poor.
This report provides an overview of land tenure and women's access to land on the Arabie-Olifants irrigation scheme, situated in South Africa's Northern Province. It is based on field work and a ...documentary study carried out in March-May 1999 on behalf of IIMI, as part of its "Water for People" program in South Africa. It forms part of the small-scale irrigation component of a wider research program in the Middleveld region of the Olifants river basin, with particular focus on the Arabie-Olifants irrigation scheme. The study aims to provide a clear analysis of the conditions governing both access to land and land tenure arrangements, on smallholder irrigation schemes in the Olifants river basin, with particular reference to the position of women and presents recommendations for the reform of land administration practices in the area, with a view to improving access to land and for historically disadvantaged social groups, promotng security of tenure, and encouraging more productive use of soil and water resources.
The objective of these experiments was to determine the effect on fertility of GnRH when used in conjunction with one or two injections of PGF2 alpha. In Experiment 1, GnRH was administered 7 d ...before the second of two injections of PGF2 alpha (14 d apart). The control group received two injections of PGF2 alpha without GnRH. Conception was reduced from 63.5% for 74 controls to 48.7% for the 79 heifers and cows that had been treated with GnRH, but estrus detection and pregnancy rates were similar. In Experiment 2, 85 heifers and cows received GnRH at a random stage of the estrous cycle, followed in 7 d by PGF2 alpha. Thirty to 32 h after PGF2 alpha, a second dose of GnRH was given to induce ovulation of the preovulatory follicle, followed by one fixed-time insemination 18 to 19 h later (treatment designated as GnRH, PGF2 alpha, and GnRH). Controls (n = 85) were given PGF2 alpha and inseminated at estrus. Although conception rate was not different, one fixed-time insemination after the GnRH, PGF2 alpha, and GnRH treatment tended (35.3%) to reduce fertility compared with effects of the control (47.1%). It is unclear how an injection of GnRH during the intervening week between two injections of PGF2 alpha reduced fertility in Experiment 1. However, in Experiment 2, when GnRH was given 7 d before one injection of PGF2 alpha and when ovulation was induced with a second GnRH injection, one fixed-time insemination seemed to produce acceptable fertility in dairy cows but probably less than that when inseminations were based on detected estrus
In scientific recommendations the analysis of a modern condition of agriculture, features of its development on the basis of a deepening of specialization and concentration in view of natural and ...economic conditions of manufacture is stated. The complex of measures and directions of innovative development of branches of plant growing, animal husbandry and processing industry, increase of competitiveness of agricultural production in context of the decision of problems of the State program on village recovery and development for 2005-2010 is offered. As the defining factor of accommodation of separate branches and all agrarian sphere in a greater degree become not only natural conditions but also economic conditions and, first of all, necessity of the decision of a food problem on the basis of innovative development of branches, competitiveness of production, presence of commodity markets. In conditions of sharp rise in price of hydrocarbonic fuel absolutely new approaches to the organization and conducting manufacture of grain, potato, vegetables and fruits are required, thus it is important not to lower, and whenever possible to increase volumes of manufacture of competitive agricultural production. It is important to create a steady forage reserve and on this basis to develop animal husbandry industry - one of the basic branches of maintenance of food safety of the country. The decision of a problem of maintenance of food safety of republic is based on increase of efficiency of functioning of the agricultural organizations. Thus the special urgency is got with Questions of definition of the optimum size of agrotown, allowing to use industrial potential and social sphere most rationally are specially relevant. Development of models of financial and economic development of food processing industry, to raise its efficiency. Necessity of perfection of budgetary support of manufacture of competitive agricultural production has ripened. All these and other scientific offers in the form of effective mechanisms and the models directed on perfection of the organization and conducting of agriculture, will allow to raise essentially efficiency of the industrial potential providing reception of planned industrial and economic parameters in context of performance of the State program on village recovery and development
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