Have New Public Management (NPM) reforms in public organizations improved the quality, efficiency and effectiveness of the delivery of public policies? NPM reforms, understood as a style of ...organizing public services towards the efficiency and efficacy of outputs, have been controversial. They have been accused of importing practices and norms from the private sector that could collide with core public values, such as impartiality or equity. Yet, with few exceptions, we lack systematic empirical tests of the actual effects that NPM reforms have had on the delivery of public services. In this introductory article, we summarize a special issue devoted to cover this gap. And, overall, we find that neither the catastrophic nor the balsamic effects of NPM reforms are confirmed, but the success (or failure) depends on the administrative, political and policy context those reforms take place.
South Korea's transition to democracy in 1987 was driven by social movements. The grand democracy coalition included the opposition party and various civic associations, including student groups, ...labour unions, and religious organisations. Civil society continued to pressure the post-transitional governments to dismantle authoritarian structures and remove undemocratic practices. Political authoritarianism in South Korea in 1961-1987 was inseparable from the developmental state that delivered the country's impressive economic development. Government reform after the democratisation entailed the weakening, if not dismantling, of the developmental state, to make public governance and policymaking more transparent, responsive, and participatory. In this paper we examine government reform in South Korea, focusing on the first ten years following democratisation. The Roh Tae Woo government created the Administrative Reform Committee in 1988, and the Kim Young Sam government launched the Presidential Commission for Administrative Reform in 1993. Although both agencies engaged civilians in the reform process, it was the Ministry of Government Administration and the Ministry of Finance and Economy that dominated the designing and implementing of the reforms, which demonstrates that the introduction and implementation of collaborative governance in South Korea was state led. Comparative implications are drawn from the South Korean case.
Following on from the success of the editors' previous book, New Public Management: The Transformation of Ideas and Practice, which examined the public reform process up to the end of the last ...decade, this new volume draws on the previous knowledge both theoretically and empirically. It examines and debates the post-new public management reform development in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Australia and New Zealand. The ideal follow-up to the previous volume, this book includes many of the same contributors in addition to some fresh voices, and is a must for anyone looking for an integrated framework of analysis. Comprehensive and analytical, it is an important contribution to the study of public administration and particularly to the reform of public management.
Tom Christensen is from the University of Oslo and Per Lægreid is from the University of Bergen, both in Norway.
Contents: Preface; Introduction - theoretical approach and research questions, Tom Christensen and Per Lægreid; Still fragmented government or reassertion of the centre?, Tom Christensen, Amund Lie and Per Lægreid; Reform design and performance in Australia and New Zealand, John Halligan; Types of state organisations: arguments, doctrines and changes beyond new public management, Paul G. Roness; Convergence and standardization in telecommunications regulation: trajectories of change and reform in the Asian Pacific regulatory state, Martin Painter; Organizing immigration - a comparison of New Zealand and Norway , Tom Christensen, Per Lægreid and Richard Norman; Central banking reform across the world: only by night are all cats grey, Martin Marcussen; Quests for transparency: signs of a new institutional era in the health care field, Maria Blomgren and Kirstin Sahlin-Andersson; Public-private partnerships: a comparative perspective on Victoria and Denmark, Carsten Greve and Graeme Hodge; (The difficult art of) outsourcing welfare services: experiences from Sweden and New Zealand, Anders Forssell and Lars Norén; New public management and the ghost of Max Weber: exorcised or still haunting?, Robert Gregory; Bibliography; Index.
Who determines what ideas matter in reform debates? This contribution examines reform proposals from the expert groups that emerged during the recent international financial crisis. To do so it ...follows fractal distinctions - distinctions that replicate themselves in subsequent iterations - among the reports. Fractal distinctions, such as between 'behaviour' or 'system' as a reform focus, allow us to locate the object of regulation within expert groups, the experts' professional context and the politics behind the commissioning of work. Analysing fractal distinctions provides a useful way to understand the different stresses in reports with and without clear mandates, and the role of important members of the policy community in promoting particular reform ideas. The contribution finds that differences in ideas emerging from the financial reform expert groups reflect nested power relationships in the commissioning of work, constituent audiences and reform priorities among governing institutions, rather than distinct 'European' and 'American' ideas.
Bad Money Awrey, Dan
Cornell law review,
01/2021, Letnik:
106, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Awrey presents the first comprehensive examination of the antiquated patchwork of state regulatory frameworks that currently, or might soon, govern these new institutions. He finds that these ...frameworks are characterized by significant heterogeneity and often fail to meaningfully enhance the credibility of the promises that these institutions make to the holders of their monetary liabilities. Put bluntly: these institutions are issuing bad money. He therefore proposes a National Money Act designed to strengthen and harmonize the regulatory frameworks governing these new institutions and promote a more level competitive playing field.
In the last Mexico decades it has undertaken a decentralization process towards the municipality: to be clear its quality to him of scope of government; as well as, one has equipped with competitions ...and resources to him to serve public who correspond to him. This process, that initially was controlled from the center, was taking own organization and has had diverse expressions in the different regions from the country. This effort of decentralization has been a front door to discuss the way to distribute to resources and the decisions. Before this panorama, the authors analyzed the constitutional structure of the reconstruction process and municipal decentralization, its entailment with the subject of the intergovernmental relations and its channels of interaction. These last ones require of a special attention, they will study the formal channels established by the Constitution as well as the informal channels, mainly through the political parties.
Literature published a decade ago reflected a pessimistic view of the market-oriented reforms that Latin America carried out in the 1980s and 1990s, and many politicians have attacked these reforms ...openly. Indeed, the atmosphere is so negative that it would be reasonable to assume that many of the reforms have been reversed. This paper will take a new look at the situation ten years later. Our argument is that the reforms have generally not been reversed. The reversal that has occurred has been with respect to privatisation in a few countries; negative public opinion is also concentrated on privatisation; and the reforms helped to enable Latin America to take advantage of favourable conditions leading to high growth in the 2004–8 boom period and a relatively strong performance during the 2008–9 crisis. While much remains to be done to raise growth and improve distribution, objective information about the reforms is needed when policies for the future are made. Publicaciones de una década atrás reflejaron una visión pesimista de las reformas del mercado que Latinoamérica efectuó en las décadas de 1980 y 1990, mismas que fueron atacadas abiertamente por muchos políticos. Ciertamente, la atmósfera ha sido tan negativa que sería razonable suponer que la mayoría de las reformas hayan sido revertidas. Hacemos una nueva evaluación diez años después. Nuestro argumento es que las reformas no han dado marcha atrás en general. Las reversiones que se dieron han sido con respecto a la privatización en algunos pocos países; la opinión negativa del público también se concentra en la privatización; y las reformas ayudaron a posibilitar a que América Latina aprovechara las condiciones favorables que llevaron a crecimientos elevados en el período de boom entre 2004 y 2008 y un desempeño relativamente fuerte durante la crisis de 2008–9. Aunque todavía hay mucho que hacer para elevar el crecimiento y mejorar la distribución, se necesita información objetiva sobre las reformas cuando se diseñen las políticas del futuro. A literatura publicada há uma década atrás refletia uma visão pessimista das reformas orientadas pelo mercado realizadas na América Latina nos anos 1980 e 1990. Muitos políticos já as criticaram abertamente. De fato, o ambiente é tão coibitivo que seria razoável assumir que muitas das reformas foram revertidas. Dez anos depois, tomamos uma nova perspectiva: argumentamos que, no geral, as reformas não foram revertidas. A reversão que ocorreu diz respeito à privatização em alguns países. A opinião pública negativa também concentra-se nas privatizações; as reformas auxiliaram a capacidade da América Latina de aproveitar condições favoráveis que levaram ao alto crescimento no período de boom de 2004–8 e um desempenho relativamente bom durante a crise de 2008–9. Embora ainda haja muito a ser feito para elevar o crescimento e melhorar a distribuição, informações objetivas sobre as reformas são necessárias para a formulação de políticas para o futuro.
Organization scholars since Max Weber have argued that formal personnel systems can prevent discrimination. We draw on sociological and psychological literatures to develop a theory of the varied ...effects of bureaucratic reforms on managerial motivation. Drawing on selfperception and cognitive-dissonance theories, we contend that initiatives that engage managers in promoting diversity—special recruitment and training programs—will increase diversity. Drawing on job-autonomy and self-determination theories, we contend that initiatives that limit managerial discretion in hiring and promotion—job tests, performance evaluations, and grievance procedures—will elicit resistance and produce adverse effects. Drawing on transparency and accountability theories, we contend that bureaucratic reforms that increase transparency for job-seekers and hiring managers—job postings and job ladders—will have positive effects. Finally, drawing on accountability theory, we contend that monitoring by diversity managers and federal regulators will improve the effects of bureaucratic reforms. We examine the effects of personnel innovations on managerial diversity in 816 U.S. workplaces over 30 years. Our findings help explain the nation's slow progress in reducing job segregation and inequality. Some popular bureaucratic reforms thought to quell discrimination instead activate it. Some of the most effective reforms remain rare.
This article provides a greater understanding of hybrid public administration. Different generations of public sector reforms have accentuated hybrid and complex features of public organizations, ...resulting in multiple-layer structural and cultural features. The article covers the following research questions: 1) how can we interpret the increasing tendency towards hybrid administration in terms of a transformative approach; 2) how is hybrid administration developing out of attempts to balance NPM and post-NPM?; and 3) how can we understand the major mechanisms producing hybridity in a modern reform? The case we focus on is the reform of the Norwegian welfare administration.
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