The economic impact of industrial agglomeration has been examined by many studies. However, few has focused on its environmental consequences partly due to data availability. Applying decomposition ...method to a newly constructed industrial-level CO2 emissions dataset of 286 Chinese prefectural and above (PAA) cities over the period 2004–2013, this paper examines the mechanism of how industrial agglomeration impacts urban CO2 emissions through three components, scale, composition and technique effects. We find that industrial agglomeration pushed up CO2 emissions through the scale effect, but reduced CO2 emissions through both the technique and composition effects. At the regional level, the effect of agglomeration on CO2 emissions was dominated by the scale effect in the central and western cities. However, in the eastern cities, the scale effect was almost offset by the technique and composition effects. China’s regional development programs tend to relocate economic activities from the more agglomerated eastern cities towards the more dispersed western cities. This relocation may have reduced the environmental efficiency gains from industrial agglomeration.
•The impact mechanism of industrial agglomeration on urban CO2 emissions is studied.•CO2 emissions growth are decomposed into scale, composition and technique effects.•Industrial agglomeration pushed up CO2 emissions through the scale effect.•CO2 emissions were reduced through both the technique and composition effects.
Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is one response to the challenges faced by agriculture due to climate change. As with other sustainability transitions, technological innovation is highlighted as ...playing a critical role, however, the adoption and diffusion of technological innovations in OECD countries is slow. The aim of this paper is to identify key socio-economic barriers, in terms of supply and demand, that inhibit the adoption and diffusion of CSA technological innovations in Europe. To achieve this aim, a theoretical framework is constructed based on a literature review of socio-economic barriers effecting adoption and diffusion. This framework is explored with data from semi-structured interviews with CSA technology providers and members of agricultural supply chains, such as farmers associations and consumer goods producers (the end-users of the technology). Data was collected on the barriers they experienced, with interviews conducted in the Netherlands, France, Switzerland and Italy. This data was thematically coded and categorised to identify key barrier typologies. The results demonstrate that barriers exist on both the demand (user) and supply (technology provider) sides. The paper provides recommendations for increasing the adoption and diffusion of CSA technological innovations, as well as implications for the CSA and innovation literature.
•Socio-economic barriers are identified for CSA technological innovation adoption.•Empirical data is collected from technology developers and users.•These are mapped onto a framework developed through a literature review.•Traditional ‘supply-side’ innovation policies may be an inadequate response.
Rodríguez-Pose A. Do institutions matter for regional development?, Regional Studies. This paper discusses whether institutions matter for regional development and how to integrate them in regional ...development strategies. It is found that while institutions are crucial for economic development, generating an institution-based regional development strategy is likely to be undermined by the lack of definition of what are efficient institutions. Problems related to the measurement of institutions, to their space and time variability, to the difficulties in establishing the right mix of formal and informal institutions, and to the endogeneity between institutions and economic development make one-size-fits-all approaches to operationalizing institutions difficult. The paper posits that, in order to overcome these problems, it is crucial to distinguish between the 'institutional environment' and 'institutional arrangements', that is, to target not the institutions which shape the unique character of any territory, but the institutional factors that represent barriers for the efficacy of other factors influencing economic development (that is, education, training and skills, innovation, infrastructure and the like).
Rodríguez-Pose A. 制度对区域发展而言是否重要，区域研究。本文探讨制度对区域发展而言是否重要，以及如何将其整合至区域发展策略之中。研究发现，制度虽然是经济发展的关键，但建构以制度为基础的区域发展策略，有可能因缺乏对于有效制度的定义而受到破坏。有关测量制度和其时空变异、建立正式与非正式制度的正确混合的困难性，以及制度和经济发展间内生性的问题，导致难以建构一个操作制度的一体适用方法。本文指出，为了克服上述困难，区辨"制度环境"和"制度安排"相当重要，意即不是对准形塑特定领域中独特性质的制度，而是瞄准对其他影响经济发展因素有效性 (亦即教育、技术训练、创新、基础建设等) 呈现阻碍的制度性因素。
制度 区域发展 发展策略 以地方为基础的政策
Rodríguez-Pose A. Les institutions, sont-elles importantes pour l'aménagement du territoire?, Regional Studies. Cet article cherche à discuter si, oui ou non, les institutions sont importantes pour l'aménagement du territoire et comment les intégrer dans les stratégies d'aménagement du territoire. Alors que les institutions sont essentielles au développement économique, il s'avère que la mise en oeuvre d'une stratégie d'aménagement du territoire fondée sur les institutions risque d'être entravée par le manque d'une définition de ce que c'est une institution efficace. Les problèmes liés à l'évaluation des institutions, à leur variabilité dans le temps et l'espace, aux difficultés dans la mise en place de la bonne combinaison d'institutions, à la fois formelles et informelles, et à l'endogénéité entre les institutions et le développement économique, rendent difficile la mise au point d'une solution universelle à la mise en place des institutions. L'article précise qu'il est essentiel de distinguer entre le 'milieu institutionnel' et les 'dispositifs institutionnels', autrement dit, il ne faut pas cibler les institutions qui façonnent le caractère unique d'un territoire, mais plutôt les facteurs institutionnels qui constituent des obstacles à l'efficacité d'autres facteurs qui influent sur le développement économique (à savoir, l'éducation, la formation et les compétences, l'innovation, l'infrastructure et ainsi de suite).
Institutions Aménagement du territoire Stratégies d'aménagement du territoire Politiques localisées
Rodríguez-Pose A. Spielen Institutionen bei der Regionalentwicklung eine Rolle?, Regional Studies. In diesem Beitrag wird untersucht, ob Institutionen bei der Regionalentwicklung eine Rolle spielen und wie sie sich in Strategien zur Regionalentwicklung integrieren lassen. Es wird festgestellt, dass Institutionen für die Regionalentwicklung zwar eine wichtige Rolle spielen, aber die Ausarbeitung einer institutionell basierten Regionalentwicklungsstrategie durch das Fehlen einer Definition für eine effiziente Institution tendenziell untergraben wird. Probleme im Zusammenhang mit der Messung von Institutionen, ihrer räumlichen und zeitlichen Variabilität, den Schwierigkeiten bei der Ermittlung der richtigen Kombination von formellen und informellen Institutionen sowie der Endogenität von Institutionen und Wirtschaftsentwicklung erschweren die Entwicklung von einheitlichen Ansätzen zur Behandlung von Institutionen. In diesem Beitrag wird argumentiert, dass zur Überwindung dieser Probleme zwischen 'institutioneller Umgebung' und 'institutionellen Vorkehrungen' unterschieden werden muss. Anders ausgedrückt, sollte nicht auf die Institutionen abgezielt werden, die den einzigartigen Charakter eines Gebiets ausmachen, sondern auf die institutionellen Faktoren, die die Wirksamkeit von anderen Faktoren der Wirtschaftsentwicklung (Bildung, Ausbildung und Qualifikation, Innovation, Infrastruktur usw.) beeinträchtigen.
Institutionen Regionalentwicklung Entwicklungsstrategien Ortsbasierte Politiken
Rodríguez-Pose A. ¿Afectan las instituciones al desarrollo regional?, Regional Studies. En este artículo se examina hasta qué punto las instituciones afectan al desarrollo regional y cómo las condiciones institucionales de cada espacio se pueden integrar en las estrategias de desarrollo regional. El argumento fundamental del artículo es que, mientras que las instituciones son esenciales para el desarrollo económico, la puesta en marcha de estrategias de desarrollo regional basadas en instituciones debe confrontar el problema de la falta de definición de lo que son instituciones eficaces. Los problemas ligados a la medida de las instituciones, a su variación en el espacio y en el tiempo, a las dificultades para calibrar la mezcla adecuada de instituciones formales e informales y a la endogeneidad entre instituciones y desarrollo regional limitan la posibilidad de aplicar enfoques genéricos al tema. En el artículo se argumenta que para salvar estas barreras resulta esencial distinguir entre el 'contexto institucional' y los 'arreglos institucionales'. Esto significa centrarse no en las instituciones que modelan el carácter único de cada territorio, sino en los factores institucionales que representan los principales obstáculos para la eficacia de otros factores que afectan al desarrollo económico (educación, formación, innovación, infraestructura y factores similares).
Instituciones Desarrollo regional Estrategias de desarrollo Políticas basadas en el territorio
Relatedness as driver of regional diversification: a research agenda. Regional Studies. The regional diversification literature claims that regions diversify in new activities related to their ...existing activities from which new activities draw on and combine local capabilities. The paper offers a critical assessment and identifies a number of crucial issues for future research. It calls for (1) a disentanglement of the various types of capabilities that make regions diversify; (2) the inclusion of more geographical wisdom in the study of regional diversification, like a focus on the effects of territory-specific contexts, such as institutions; (3) a thorough investigation in the conditioning factors of related and unrelated diversification in regions; and (4) a micro-perspective on regional diversification that assesses the role of economic and institutional agents in a multi-scalar perspective.
Spatial inequality has drawn renewed scholarly interests and societal concerns. This paper reviews the literature on regional inequality, with a focus on spatiality of regional economic/income ...inequality, to make a timely contribution for a better understanding of the complexity and dynamics of spatial inequality. We find that existing theories disagree over temporal trends and underlying forces of regional inequality, and spatio-temporal models have been favored by economic geographers. It also shows that the research on regional inequality covers all continents of the world, including both developed and developing countries. The scope of research has also been broadened, expanding to household and environmental inequalities. The paper proposes components of spatiality of regional inequality, including scale, location, physical geography, place, space, spatial network, and spatial-temporal models. The paper also proposes areas for future research.
Regional capabilities are regarded a pillar of Smart Specialisation Strategy (S3). There is yet little focus in S3 policy on the role of interregional linkages. This study on 292 NUTS-2 regions in ...Europe finds that interregional linkages have a positive effect on the probability of regions to diversify, especially in peripheral regions. What matters is not being connected to other regions per se, but being connected to regions that provide complementary capabilities. Finally, we propose a new indicator that enables regions to identify other regions as strategic partners in their S3 policy, depending on the presence of complementary capabilities in other regions.
Building on broader OECD work on climate, this report proposes a new OECD territorial climate indicator framework and demonstrates that the potential to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, adapt to ...climate impacts and address vulnerabilities vary across different territories, by using a new OECD territorial climate indicator framework.
This paper examines the ways by which organizational and institutional features of regional innovation systems shape smart specialization practices in less-developed, intermediate and advanced ...regions. Drawing on research from 15 European regions, it shows that the implantation of smart specialization creates challenges in all three types of regions. At the same time, there is evidence that smart specialization supports policy-learning and system-building efforts in less-developed regions and facilitates policy reorientation and system transformation in more advanced regions.
The debate on urban resilience and metabolism has directed increasing attention to the ecological footprint of food consumption, self-sufficiency as a means of food security, and regionalisation of ...food systems for shortening supply chains. Recently, metropolitan regions have proposed food policies that aim to foster local food systems connected to their cities. Our research thus focused on the relationship between urban food demand and metropolitan land use.
We have developed the Metropolitan Foodshed and Self-sufficiency Scenario (MFSS) model, which combines regional food consumption and agricultural production parameters in a data-driven approach to assess the spatial extent of foodsheds as well as the theoretical self-sufficiency of the communities they serve. The model differentiates between food groups, food production systems, levels of food loss and waste as well as food origin. With regard to future urban growth, we applied the model to current and future population projections.
Results show substantial variations in the spatial extent of metropolitan foodsheds and self-sufficiency levels between the case study regions London, Berlin, Milan and Rotterdam, depending on population density and distribution, geographical factors and proximity to neighbouring urban agglomerations. The application of the model as a food planning tool offers a new perspective on the potential role of metropolitan regions for strengthening urban self-sufficiency. It also enables the ex-ante assessment of spatial consequences of changes within metropolitan food systems, on both demand and supply sides. In particular, we discuss possible dietary and consumption changes, but also production and supply chain alternatives.
•A spatial model to depict metropolitan foodsheds and self-sufficiency is proposed.•Scenarios of changing food demand and supply are applied.•Regional situations indicate different food stress, especially for future population growth.•Increasing area demand by organic production can be balanced by food waste reduction.
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