Abstract
The growing interest in the study of economic complexity has been motivated by the intrinsic features of statistical physics. Entropy is one of essential concepts in statistical physics and ...a particularly active concept for characterizing the complexity of a system. Motived by this, we propose a new method based on a function of the entropy to quantify economic complexity of China trade flows. We focus on regional economy activities, and collect China trade flows according to the database of national export and import items. Compared with classic economic complexity measurements including diversity and ubiquity, eigenvector-based complexity index, fitness and complexity index, Hirschman-Herfindahl index, the proposed method based on entropy can generate a proper ranking list when we take USA as a benchmark. Furthermore, the comparison of the main economic complexity statics also exposes that several of which performance moderate correlations. The stability of the ranking positions from the static evolution of the economic complexity over 8 years discloses that the index of economic complexity performs extremely sensitive depending on the eigenvector of the product network space. The results reveal that we should pay attention to the relationships between economic complexity methods when analysing the structural characteristics of economic entity activities.
ABSTRACT Due to globalization, market evolution, and technological implementations, the production chains have been improving, becoming essential for the consolidation of several products in the ...market, including charcoal, used as a renewable energy source. Thus, the objective of this work was to characterize the structure of this chain, from the qualitative and quantitative perspective, in the municipalities of the Valleys of Caí and Taquari and the interaction between the actors involved. The methodology was based on the division of the chain into macrosegments, with socioeconomic units of production characterized by the application of questionnaires. As a result, it was verified the presence of the production macrosegment (nursery and reforestation sectors), industrialization (charcoal production and packaging sectors), and commercialization (packaging sector), formed by family units. The packaging segment has outsourced manpower and more technology than the others. It was evidenced that a single socioeconomic unit of production can be part of more than one macrosegment or segment and, allied to this, in general, it is possible to perceive the characterization of a long chain of production. It appears that only 3.8% of charcoal producers also pack and sell their products, the remainder (96.2%) sell their production to packers who standardize the product, making the sale to the final consumer directly or indirectly.
RESUMO Em virtude da globalização, evolução dos mercados e implementações tecnológicas, as cadeias produtivas vem se aprimorando, tornando-se fundamentais para a consolidação de diversos produtos no mercado, inclusive do carvão vegetal, utilizado como fonte de energia renovável. Dessa forma, o objetivo do trabalho foi caracterizar a estrutura, sob a ótica qualitativa e quantitativa dessa cadeia nos municípios do Vale do Caí e Taquari e a interação entre os atores envolvidos. A metodologia foi baseada na divisão da cadeia em macrossegmentos, sendo caracterizada as unidades socioeconômicas de produção, por meio da aplicação de questionários. Como resultado, foi possível verificar a presença do macrossegmento de produção (setor dos viveiros e reflorestadores), industrialização (setor de produção de carvão e embalagem) e comercialização (setor de embalagem), sendo formados por unidades familiares. O segmento de embalagem possui mão-de-obra terceirizada e mais tecnologia do que os demais. Ficou evidenciado que uma única unidade socioeconômica de produção pode fazer parte de mais de um macrossegmento ou segmento e aliado a isso e de maneira geral, percebe-se a caracterização de uma cadeia longa de produção. Verifica-se que apenas 3,8% dos produtores de carvão também embalam e vendem seus produtos, o restante (96,2%) vendem a produção para embaladores que padronizam o produto, realizando a venda para o consumidor final de forma direta ou indireta.
Long‐range precipitation forecasting is crucial for flooding control and water resources management. However, making precise forecasting is rather difficult due to the complex climatic factors and ...large uncertainties arising from long lead times. Sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) is one of the strongest signals that influence regional precipitation, often used for the development of precipitation forecasts. Traditional models using SSTA for precipitation forecasting usually screen SSTA over fixed oceanic zones and neglect its preceding temporal fluctuation information. In this study, we introduce a multipole SSTA index and the preceding fluctuation modes of SSTA to develop a monthly precipitation forecasting model, which is applied to the upper Yangtze River basin in China where monthly precipitation during May–October for the period of 1961–2020 are forecasted. Results show that more significant SSTA poles correlated with precipitation are found for September than for the other months. The new approach is able to forecast monthly precipitation for May–October in the basin, particularly for September. It outperforms traditional statistical and dynamical models and has much more skill in forecasting precipitation for June–September when heavy precipitation is more likely to occur than for May or October. Our approach enriches the knowledge of the relationship between precipitation and SSTA, which is conducive to the improvement of long‐range precipitation forecasting.
Distributions of antecedent multipole SSTA impacting monthly precipitation during May–October over the upper Yangtze River basin. A tripole mode of SSTA is found for May and August precipitation. Large and continuous spatial extent of SSTA across the Indian Ocean and the eastern Pacific is found for September precipitation.
Agritourism is an important supplementary activity in agricultural regions, attracting numerous visitors in search of new experiences and providing alternative incomes to those in rural areas. Whilst ...tourism literature has progressed in defining and characterising agritourism, there continues to be limited knowledge concerning what contributes directly and indirectly to enhancing and deepening the agritourism experience, particularly the role of visitor-provider interaction and the emotional connection to place. In this paper, we address this gap by exploring agritourism in Western Australia, drawing on a survey of providers and ten semi-structured interviews. We find that agritourism was comprised of four key experiential dimensions (location, authenticity, interaction, and learning) differentiated by six contextual factors which are either endogenous or exogenous to the provider. Our findings show how the agritourism experience can be curated, contributing to the establishment of a better understanding of how providers can improve visitor experience and the attraction of rural areas. The research offers a framework for understanding the role of location as a cross-cutting experiential dimension to better inform policymakers, regional development agencies and agritourism providers in developing agritourism ‘products’ that may increase visitor numbers and sales, improve regional development outcomes, and enhance rural understandings.
•Agritourism is an increasingly important for rural economies.•There is limited understanding on how agritourism relates to unique local and regional contexts.•Agritourism experiential dimensions (location, authenticity, interaction, and learning) are framed by six provider factors.•Highlights location as a cross-cutting ad important dimension in improving regional development.
Agritourism is known to play a pivotal role when providing diversification of farm activities, making in such way for sustainable regional and local development. However, it should be stated that in ...Ukraine agritourism has not received proper attention in the pre-war and current period. This paper explores the landscape of agritourism in Ukraine across pre-war and current periods, assessing its potential for the country advancement. The research involves the analysis of data on agriculture and tourism obtained from the World Bank, Ukrainian authorities, and agritourism association leaders. We also delve into 62 Ukrainian legislative and program documents to highlight institutional barriers and existing issues. The findings reveal that agritourism occupies minor position within robust agricultural sector in Ukraine, accompanied by notable regulatory gaps, nevertheless it possesses significant institutional and policy implications. We demonstrate that fostering agritourism in Ukraine can play a vital role in enhancing the sustainability of farms by broadening their range of activities. This holds particular importance in the context of the post-war economic recovery in Ukraine. Agritourism, operating at the intersection of agriculture and tourism, has high potential to generate positive effects in Ukraine not only on the agricultural sector but also on the country sustainable development. As a result of the investigation, the paper substantiates possible institutional changes (at the macro-, regional, and local levels) necessary to relaunch agritourism in Ukraine successfully.
•Agritourism functions on the borderline between tourism and agriculture producing impact on sustainable development of local communities.•Agritourism demonstrates large potential for creating social networks, diversifying farms profit, boosting regional economies.•Ukrainian agriculture and food systems face dramatic challenges due to the Russian invasion and will require rebuilding after the war.•Agritourism activities can be a key element to ensure the economic and social viability of farms and regions in post-war Ukraine.
English: Law No. 33 of 2004 is a source of legal basis used as a guideline in the process of issuing regional bonds. This study discusses issues related to the issuance of regional bonds in ...Indonesia, particularly in the provinces of Central Java, West Sumatra, and West Kalimantan. In connection with the issuance of regional bonds, to date there are now regions that issue regional bonds including of Central Java, West Sumatra, and West Kalimantan. The purpose of this study is to find out more about the problems that form the basis of the issue of bonds in the region. Researchers use descriptive analysis method that can indicate the level of income and finance of the provinces of Central Java, West Sumatra, West Kalimantan where the region has met the requirements to issue regional bonds. While the SWOT analysis conducted in the area, each region still has many obstacles in the process of issuing regional bonds, one of which is the problem in human resources (SDM). Keywords: Regional Bonds, Regional Development, SWOT. Indonesia: Undang-undang No. 33 tahun 2004 merupakan sumber dasar hukum yang dijadikan pedoman dalam proses penerbitan obligasi daerah. Penelitian ini membahas permasalahan terkait penerbitan obligasi daerah di Indonesia, khususnya pada provinsi Jawa Tengah, Sumatra Barat, dan Kalimantan Barat. Berkaitan dengan penerbitan obligasi daerah, sampai saat ini belum ada daerah yang menerbitkan obligasi daerah termasuk Jawa Tengah, Sumatra Barat, dan Kalimantan Barat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut permasalahan yang menjadi dasar tidak terbitnya obligasi didaerah tersebut. Peneliti menggunakan metode analisis diskriptif yang dapat menunjukan tingkat pendapatan dan keuangan provinsi Jawa Tengah, Sumatra Barat, Kalimantan Barat dimana daerah tersebut sudah memenuhi syarat untuk melakukan penerbitan obligasi daerah. Sedangkan analisis SWOT yang dilakukan pada daerah tersebut, masing-masing daerah masih memiliki banyak kendala dalam proses penerbitan obligasi daerah salah satunya yaitu permasalahan pada sumber daya manusianya (SDM). Kata Kunci: Obligasi Daerah, Perkembangan Daerah, SWOT.
Summary
Regional anaesthesia has undergone several exciting advances in the past few decades. Ultrasound‐guided techniques of peripheral nerve blockade have become the gold standard thanks to the ...associated improvements in efficacy, ease of performance and safety. This has increased the accessibility and utilisation of regional anaesthesia in the anaesthesia community at large and is timely given the mounting evidence for its potential benefits on various patient‐centred outcomes, including major morbidity, cancer recurrence and persistent postoperative pain. Ultrasound guidance has also paved the way for refinement of the technical performance of existing blocks concerning simplicity and safety, as well as the development of new regional anaesthesia techniques. In particular, the emergence of fascial plane blocks has further broadened the application of regional anaesthesia in the management of painful conditions of the thorax and abdomen. The preliminary results of investigations into these fascial plane blocks are promising but require further research to establish their true value and role in clinical care. One of the challenges that remains is how best to prolong regional anaesthesia to maximise its benefits while avoiding undue harm. There is ongoing research into optimising continuous catheter techniques and their management, intravenous and perineural pharmacological adjuncts, and sustained‐release local anaesthetic molecules. Finally, there is a growing appreciation for the critical role that regional anaesthesia can play in an overall multimodal anaesthetic strategy. This is especially pertinent given the current focus on eliminating unnecessary peri‐operative opioid administration.
The hypothalamus is a central regulator of many innate behaviors essential for survival, but the molecular mechanisms controlling hypothalamic patterning and cell fate specification are poorly ...understood. To identify genes that control hypothalamic development, we have used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) to profile mouse hypothalamic gene expression across 12 developmental time points between embryonic day 10 and postnatal day 45. This identified genes that delineated clear developmental trajectories for all major hypothalamic cell types, and readily distinguished major regional subdivisions of the developing hypothalamus. By using our developmental dataset, we were able to rapidly annotate previously unidentified clusters from existing scRNA-Seq datasets collected during development and to identify the developmental origins of major neuronal populations of the ventromedial hypothalamus. We further show that our approach can rapidly and comprehensively characterize mutants that have altered hypothalamic patterning, identifying Nkx2.1 as a negative regulator of prethalamic identity. These data serve as a resource for further studies of hypothalamic development, physiology, and dysfunction.
This paper presents the findings of a study on digital maturity in higher education institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). Empirical research was conducted in 2020. Teachers from eight public ...higher education institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina were included in the sample. The findings revealed that digital transformation has been ongoing in these institutions for some time, that some results have been achieved, but that digital maturity has not yet been attained. The findings also revealed barriers that must be overcome in order to accelerate digitalization and reap the anticipated benefits.
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