It is aimed to determine the availability of local and geographical indication registered food and beverage products in the menus of food and beverage businesses operating in İzmir. Based on the fact ...that local products are subject to geographical marking, an evaluation was made with the participants in the destination through the menus. The research is based on the qualitative research approach. In the research, in-depth interview method was applied by using semistructured interview form. The population of the research consists of 19 participants residing inİzmir metropolis and coastal districts that are prominent in tourism. The research sample consists of especially food and beverage businesses operating within the borders of İzmir, İzmir Chamber of Commerce manager, İzmir Metropolitan Municipality manager, association manager on gastronomy, academicians in the field of food and beverage, chefs, hotel managers and travel agency owners. As a result of the research, it has been concluded that in the central districts ofİzmir, local or geographically indicated foods and beverages are few in the menus and they are aware of by the participants, but they are given more place in the menus of the businesses operating in the districts of Urla, Seferihisar, Çeşme, Karaburun and Foça districts.
Fish stocks tend to decrease in the Black Sea Region due to the gradual increase in marine pollution, overfishing and sea fillings. As a result of these negative developments, most of the people who ...make a living from fishing either quit fishing or migrate to big cities. It is assumed that the fishing tourism that has developed in recent years will play an important role in increasing the income of those who make their living in this way, creating additional employment and preventing migration to big cities. In addition, it is known that fishing tourism is an important tool in reducing overfishing and protecting marine resources by adding value to traditional fisheries. Fishing tourism is defined as the fishing of people who want to experience this experience with traditional methods on traditional fishing boats and the provision of tourism services related to fishing in general. Today, amateur fishing is seen as a very popular leisure activity, especially in western countries. For example; It is known that there are around 50 million amateur fishermen in Europe. On the other hand, it is calculated that amateur fishing can create a larger economy than commercial fishing. Most of the 3000 boats registered in the Eastern Black Sea Region are small boats. Since these boats do not have sufficient technological equipment, they cannot go to the open seas. For these reasons, the development of fishing tourism in the Eastern Black Sea Region will provide an important economic and social expansion. Because the development of fishing tourism will allow fishermen to obtain more economic income and new job opportunities.
Pre-classical period of Trabzon region has been undervalued in Anatolian Archaeology to date. Although Trabzon is one of the most important settlements on the Black Sea shore, concrete archaeological ...material dated to pre-classical period has not been recorded. This is also the case for the data about the region in ancient written sources. The local people who were referred in these sources had rather primitive life styles when compared to their contemporaneous populations, in fact, it is obvious that this is the case for the Roman period. However, Trabzon Survey Project started in 2018 has begun to change the picture of the region's remote past. The third season of the survey has been run in Maçka, Akçaabat, Düzköy, Tonya, Beşikdüzü and Şalpazarı which together compose the west half of the region. In these 20 days long season in September 2021 detection of a new cave with the lithic assemblage emphasized the increasing importance of this region in Paleolithic period. Additionally, to the north of Eastern Black Sea mountains, with re-evaluation of Kalecik Castle which was detected in 2019 for the first time, more data has been obtained related to north-east Anatolia and Caucasia in the Early Iron Age. It is evident that continuation of this survey project will contribute to the chronological perspective of the Eastern Black Sea region in Turkey.
This article analyzes current theoretical discourses within the Neolithic and Chalcolithic research of Southwestern Asia, which is still dominated by interpretations that assume a progression of ...increased hierarchization. Whether explicitly or implicitly, social evolutionary thinking still pervades our scholarship, and prevents innovative theory-building. This entails an inability to break with heuristics of ‘origins’ inherited from the past (e.g. “from the origins of domestication to the origins of civilization”), even though old and new discoveries, when integrated, are already pointing towards alternative research pathways. Sedentism, domestication, and urbanism were all complex, protracted, non-linear processes. Yet, the visualization of an ‘Uruk phenomenon’ expanding over large areas of Mesopotamia during the 4th millennium BC, ridden with problematic inconsistencies, still heralds the triumphal rise of civilization. Instead of relying on obsolete political and economic theories, or fake economy/ritual dichotomies, the investigation of social intelligence and the articulation of the biosocial in the landscape and within the prehistoric community should be a priority. The ‘agency’ of ‘elites’ is merely an interpretive deusex machina helping scholars deal with the many difficulties and uncertainties of their research.
Gezende Canyon is located in Gulnar District of Mersin. In the geography where the karst topography has expended, landforms that are intresting than each other have emerged. In Gulnar, where ...limestone formations reach a significant depth, underground and aboveground karst is quite diverse. Among the objects, subject to natural tourism, there are shapes such as cave, canyon valley, blind valley. In this study, Gezende Canyon and bed pits (potholes) were examined in terms of tourism. Geomorphologically, Gezende Canyon is located in the half-graben area of Ermenek Stream. As tectonism was effective in the formation of the graben, karstic processes were effective in the deep eroding of the valley. As Ermenek Stream, which is settled on the fault line, eroding its bed towards to the deep, marble and limestones which belong to The Jura Period were detected at the bottom. Ermenek Stream, which has flood regime has caused a vortex motion in Gezende Canyon by the means of the rock blocks and pebble stones it has dragged. With this vortex motion that has been going on for millions of years, bed pits have formed in Gezende Canyon. These pits are 1m. in diameters and 2-3 meters depth and consist of thousands examples in 4 km. section of the valley. These bed pits, which are single or compound examples are either suspended or scattered at the bottom of the valley. Due to their intresting features, these shapes are of great importance in terms of Adventure and Nature Tourism. Therefore, Gezende Canyon has been examined in terms of Alternative Tourism types. To this end, intensive field studies were carried out and negotiations were completed around Gezende Canyon. In order to embody the subject, the necessary datas related to the field was provided and each one was explained in terms of tourism. The subject is explained by drawing physical maps, temperature, precipitation, lithological and geological maps related to the field. In the conclusion of the study, a number of issues related to the canyon and bed pits have been identified. A number of recommendations have been submitted for these issues. After all these studies, it was concluded that the canyon and bed pits should be brought to tourism. In order to have a susatainable tourism activity in the canyon, Gezende Canyon along with its bed pits should be declared as a natural park.
In this research, the destination competitiveness performances of these countries were measured by MAIRCA and MARCOS methods over the values of the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI) ...components of 19 Mediterranean basin countries for 2019. According to the findings, it was observed that Spain, France, Italy and Portugal were among the top four countries with the highest destination competitiveness performance, while Tunisia, Lebanon, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Algeria were among the last four countries within the scope of both methods.In addition, it has been determined that the destination competitiveness performance values of the countries within the scope of TTCI are more positively related to the destination competitiveness performance values of the countries determined by the MARCOS method compared to the MAIRCA method. Therefore, according to this result, it was concluded that TTCI can be better explained with the MARCOS method compared to the MAIRCA method.
Globally, hydrological droughts are most commonly identified based on various indices calculated from water flow values. However, the water flow rate is calculated from a flow rate curve that needs ...to be updated constantly, so it takes a long time to resolve its true value. For this reason, the possibility of identifying a hydrological drought on the basis of hourly and prompt treated water levels seems much more attractive. 8 water gauging stations (WGS) operating along 7 important rivers and covering the hydrological areas of visas in the Lithuanian region were selected for the study. In this study, a modified SPI function of the R programming language SPEI package (traditionally used to calculate the standardized precipitation index, SPI) was applied for the streamflow drought index (SDI) calculations. Given how it was applied to the SDI calculation, just like the baseline data, this was the ten-day mean water flow and then the water level. The suitability of water level data for SDI calculations was assessed by analyzing the relationships between SWLI (Standartized Water Level Index) calculated from water level data and SDI calculated from water flow information. SWLI and SDI in all 8 WGS are closely interconnected. It was found that the possibility of recurrence of droughts of different severity identified by both methods is significantly influenced by the profile of the river bed in a specific section. In areas where riverbanks have steeper slopes, the SWLI and SDI similarly describes the water situation and the recurrence of droughts. It is believed that a modified SDI methodology (SWLI), which is based on water level data, may become a good alternative in our country for identifying hydrological droughts.
This paper contains the analysis of regional innovation performance in the NUTS 2 regions of Romania, based on the European Innovation Scoreboard evaluation for 2011 and 2019, and the identification ...of the most significant influencing factors of county-level R&D activity, for the 1997–2018 period. The Regional Innovation Index (RII) provides a profound characterization for Romanian regions regarding their innovation performance, which was studied using the GIS (Geographic Information System) methodology in relation with the regional R&D activity, GDP per capita, and entrepreneurship innovation. In the following, the Romanian R&D activity is analysed at the county level. The influencing factors of R&D expenditures and employment in Romanian counties were studied based on two panel regression models and using exogenous variables, for economic development, entrepreneurship, education, and infrastructure.
Politics, as a human social activity, is strongly embedded in space. Contemporary researchers very often take up in their analyses the issue of competition for space and the role played by ..."geographical knowledge" in the processes of "production" and appropriation of space in the name of particular interests of a given community or state. It is one of the key research problems that have contributed to the revival of interest in the issues of political competition for space, the appropriation of places and the shaping of their landscape and symbolic representation. Categories such as Mitteleuropa, or the Intermarium, are socio-political (metageographical) constructs that have been used in the construction of a particular vision of the world and in processes of political competition for dominance.
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