The aim of the paper has been to assess the transport system of the commune (Polish: gmina) of Konopiska (Śląskie voivodeship, southern Poland). As the area which has been analysed is located in the ...metropolitan area of the city ofCzęstochowa increasing suburbanization processes can be observed there. They result in constant increase in the number ofinhabitants of the commune which is a challenge for its transport system. That is why the road network and public transportsystem in particular should be modernised and developed. Apart from the main line from Konopiska village to the city ofCzęstochowa the existing bus network is not well developed and does not provide an attractive alternative to private car. Thesolutions suggested by the authors of the present article include the development of the bus system with lines also connectingperiphery villages and bus stop modification in order to increase the accessibility to public transport. Another proposalis a new bus line to the nearest railway station.
Drones (UAV, unmanned aerial vehicles), along with the development of technology, are more and more used to solve scientific problems. This is particularly true for Earth and environmental sciences, ...including geomorphology, structural geology and sedimentology. In addition to hardware and technical issues, the parallel development of photogrammetric programs and systems for increasing the precision of drone flight path measurements are contributing to the ability to create land maps as well as 3D models with increasing accuracy. This paper describes the possibility of using drones carrying a non-metric RGB camera or thermal sensor, for the study of morphological changes of terrain based on the analysis of photographs, orthophotos and 3D models. Test studies were carried out in the valleys of the Warta and Pilica rivers in the area of artificial reservoirs, as well as on moraine uplands – mainly in open-pit mines. The results of these tests show that proper flight planning and configuration of the aircraft’s camera work guarantee obtaining the right data necessary for later processing in software, such as GIS. The most important parameters included: determination of the area of the planned raid, flight altitude above ground level, aircraft speed, camera repetition rate and accuracy of the generated material.
This article presents main indicators of population ageing in Republic of North Macedonia, Republic of Slovenia and Republic of Serbia. Main indicators used in this paper are proportion of old ...population and “older-old” population, old dependency ratio, ageing coefficient and median age. The aim is to observe and detect similarities and differences in the age structure of the region based on indicators of ageing. The results are shown that Serbia is a country with the oldest population: 13.8% old population, 3.6% “older-old” population, the old dependency ratio 25.45 people per 100 people of working age, and 42.5 median ages. The Republic of North Macedonia has a younger population compared to other countries.
The kame hills and terraces located in the Suchedniów Plateau (northern part of the Kielce Upland) were the subject of research in the 1970s. In 2019, further study was started using new methods to ...determine the age and genesis of the sediments that build these forms. Varied hypsometry, with hills and depressions, divided the advanced ice sheet into two lobes. During deglaciation in the inter-lobe part, there was a large variability of sedimentation conditions (5 accumulation members in KR II and 4 in KR I profiles). It was resulted in the higher position (KR II) of fluvioglacial kames with dominant of sand and gravel sediments not covered with moraine. The lower (KR I), complex kames were formed, composed of alternately occurring accumulation members of finer sediments (limnoglacial kames) and coarser – sand-gravel (fluvioglacial kames) covered with ablation moraine with erratics. These forms were created during areal deglaciation and the melting of blocks of dead ice. The rate of this process was variable, and it lasted from several dozen to several thousand years, which is confirmed by the obtained TL dates, despite the appearing inversions. The Pleistocene fluvial terrace (PK 1) and the Holocene alluvia in the bottom of the Kamionka valley ware cut into kames and kame terraces sediments.
Cruise tourism is growing in popularity. Currently, the Mediterranean Region stands as the second most visited destination by cruise lines, following the Caribbean. However, the Black Sea has lots to ...offer in terms of potential as well. Six countries border along it, and all have ports that visited by cruise ships. Türkiye has 25 such ports – the city-provinces of Trabzon, Sinop, Samsun, and Bartın being particularly popular. This paper aims to delve deeper into this particular topic, and offer ideas about where and how Türkiye could improve. for the improvement of the current potential. We’ve used both quantitative and qualitative data based on field research that involved travel and observation in Trabzon and Samsun. We also conducted a literature as well to access national and international statistics. Our findings show us that Türkiye’s Black Sea offer sufficient potential for cruise tourism, but international issues (e.g. the Russia-Ukraine crisis) as well as domestic issues (e.g. terror acts or infrastructural inadequacies) prevent that potential from being tapped. Hence, we feel that effort needs to be made in order to render the Black Sea safe for cruise lines. Other improvements that ought to be made concern the urban qualities, technical, and operational infrastructure required for cruise tourism in and around ports. The same goes for advertising and branding as well in order to cruise to the region.
The text is based on a qualitative survey with stakeholders directly or indirectly engaged in fish farming in ponds of Blatná or Blatensko region, Czech Republic. The dialog between them and ...academicians is directed to the fishery culture, its tradition, present, problems and possibilities of increasing the quality or prosperity of production. Stakeholders’ answers are essentially narratives, and the text is constructed as a compilation of individual narratives, which are summon by researchers who have tried to share the story with local inhabitants. The text contains basic information about the history, current production trends in fish farming, a methodological sub-chapter, and a summary of the responses of individual stakeholders. The article structure copy peoples’ narratives, as described, for example, by William Labov, but the aim of the text is not the narrative as itself. Narratives and their interpretations are a methodological tool for obtaining adequate information on the interests, aspirations, and strategies of key people in the region in the field of fish farming. The conclusion of this text is basically a metanarration composed of the views of individual actors, including the interpretation of the academics who created or commented this text.
The catchment of Dzierżązna river is located in the western part of the Łódź Hills edge zone. The work focuses on its spring section located in the city of Zgierz, between springs in the Rudunki and ...the Malinka reservoir. The research concerned three basic parameters: water temperature oC, water oxygen saturation % and concentration of dissolved oxygen in water mg/dm3. In the study area, 15 measurement points were established in various types of hydrographic objects (groundwater outflow, flowing water and stagnant water). Measurements were carried out in two seasons: winter and early spring, between 5th of December 2018 and 7th of April 2019. The results of the research show a significant diversification of oxygen conditions in individual types of objects. The thermal conditions and the kind of water movement in the studied objects indicate that in winter the basic process of water oxygen supply is gas diffusion from the atmosphere. In spring, when the water temperature rises, which impede the effective solubility of atmospheric oxygen, photosynthesis of aquatic vegetation becomes more important, with an indication of suspended and bottom phytoplankton. The tested waters are generally of good quality, although the high oxygen saturation in early spring may be a problem for aquatic animals.
Speleotourism implies visiting caves and respecting geomorphological values. A visit to the caves must include certain rules of conduct and implementation of geoethical values to achieve sustainable ...speleotourism development. This paper investigates the tourist traffic of an authentic cave in northwestern Bulgaria, the Magura Cave, which is a speleological object with exceptional potential for the development of speleotourism. The explored cave includes unique examples of cave paintings and imposing historical values. The research methodology mainly included descriptive analysis of data obtained by the administrative staff of the Municipality of Belogradchik. The data of tourist visits are presented in tables and graphs. The research results indicate the current state and potential prospects for the development of speleotourism in the Magura Cave. Moreover, the paper presents measures for more effective development of speleotourism, which are of special importance for organizational and cave management structures.
This present study, the mapped area is located between latitude E07°35’00’’ to E07°39’0011” and longitude N13°00’00’’ to N12°57’00” of sheet 34NW, Katsina State, Northern Nigeria. The area is ...underlain by Basement Complex rocks and syenogranitic rocks which dominate in the area. The two sets of granitic rocks were observed and distinguished by texture. The northwest of the mapped area consists of very coarse to coarse grained syeno-granitic rocks, while in the southeast, the rocks are medium to coarse grained. These outcrops exhibit various systems of joints. The mineralogical compositions determine by thin section results displays: quartz, biotite, muscovite, plagioclase feldspar, apatite, sericite, hornblende, augite and microcline. There are two generalizations of joints with primary WSW to ENW direction and NE-SW, MMW-SSE and WWW-ESE secondary direction of NE-SW, MME-SSE and WWW-ESE.
