An optimized macroseismic intensity index, which integrates the traditional macroseismic intensity scale and the instrument intensity evaluation model, is proposed to evaluate regional buildings’ ...empirical resilience and vulnerability. The traditional failure probability of the group structure is modified and improved. The parameters and probability indexes used to assess the resilience and vulnerability of group structure in urban and rural areas are innovatively proposed. The empirical group structure seismic loss data from the actual field investigation of the Jiuzhaigou earthquake in Sichuan Province, China, on August 8, 2017, were statistically analysed, the vulnerability of the sample data was assessed by using the optimized Chinese seismic intensity scale (OCSIS-20), European Macroseismic Scale (EMS-98) and the Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI), and the assessment and comparison model of multidimensional modal resilience and probability index was established. To improve the rationality and accuracy of typical building resilience in the macrointensity quantification region, a new quantitative model of resilience and vulnerability based on optimizing the macrointensity index and updating the lognormal distribution is proposed, and the group structure resilience comparison models for typical macrointensity standard evaluation are established. The structural vulnerability database of the Jiuzhaigou earthquake is utilized to verify the rationality of the innovative model. Ultimately, field loss inspection and damage mechanism analysis are conducted based on the characteristics of regional structural seismic resilience and the actual vulnerability of the Jiuzhaigou earthquake.
•The rapid resilience and vulnerability prediction and evaluation domain, plane, surface, and matrix based on quantity and failure index parameters are established.•An innovative regional domain vulnerability and resilience assessment model is conducted.•A new quantitative model of resilience and vulnerability based on optimizing the macrointensity index and updating the lognormal distribution is proposed.
The labor force participation rate of women in India has decreased despite economic growth, which has limited the advancement of their rights unlike in most other countries. This paper examines the ...determinants of labor force participation by gender in rural and urban areas using a probit model with data from the India Human Development Survey (IHDS) for 2011–2012 to analyze the factors that restrict workforce participation. The estimation results are presented below. First, the marital status of males, both rural and urban, has a significant impact on their participation in the workforce due to family support. In contrast, females face multiple restrictions based on marital, caste and religion, demonstrating that sociocultural factors have limited their participation regardless of regional factors. Second, in rural areas, the educational years of female workers negatively affect labor participation, but the constraints of marriage are weaker than in urban areas. Women in lower castes participate more in the rural labor force, which is interpreted as a result of their livelihood in the industrial structure consisting of agriculture. On the other hand, the caste system negatively affects female participation in urban areas. Finally, these results indicate that the low-labor participation of females is the result of a complicated process influenced by various factors, including regional effects and patriarchal cultural values in India. Therefore, it is necessary to provide employment opportunities and encourage economic incentives for more women to enter the labor market spontaneously, considering regional effects in policies, in order for women to emerge as one group of social leaders.
Single‐Atom Catalysts
An integrated structure of core‐shell carbon nanoboxes doped with single Fe atoms wrapped with self‐growing carbon nanotubes is designed to modify the polypropylene (PP) ...membrane (Fe@C‐CNT). Self‐growing carbon nanotubes and carbon nanowires can significantly shorten the electron transfer distance and improve the conductivity of the catalyst. In addition, this unique rational regional structure significantly improves the performance of single atom catalysts, so Fe@C‐CNT shows excellent performance in inhibiting the shuttle effect. More details can be found in article number 2301849 by Xiangcun Li, Miao Yu, and co‐workers.
Herein, an integrated structure of single Fe atom doped core‐shell carbon nanoboxes wrapped by self‐growing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is designed. Within the nanoboxes, the single Fe atom doped hollow ...cores are bonded to the shells via the carbon needles, which act as the highways for the electron transport between cores and shells. Moreover, the single Fe atom doped nanobox shells is further wrapped and connected by self‐growing carbon nanotubes. Simultaneously, the needles and carbon nanotubes act as the highways for electron transport, which can improve the overall electron conductivity and electron density within the nanoboxes. Finite element analysis verifies the unique structure including both internal and external connections realize the integration of active sites in nano scale, and results in significant increase in electron transfer and the catalytic performance of Fe‐N4 sites in both Li2Sn lithiation and Li2S delithiation. The Li–S batteries with the double‐shelled single atom catalyst delivered the specific capacity of 702.2 mAh g−1 after 550 cycles at 1.0 C. The regional structure design and evaluation method provide a new strategy for the further development of single atom catalysts for more electrochemical processes.
An integrated structure of single Fe atoms doped core‐shell carbon nanoboxes wrapped by self‐growing carbon nanotubes is designed. Self‐grown carbon nanotubes form a complex network structure, which effectively connects the outside and inside of the carbon nanoboxes. The carbon nanotube as a connection can significantly shorten the transmission distance of electrons and enhance the conductivity of the catalyst.
Urban village is a geographical area whose characteristics, structure and function are between traditional cities and villages, and its main characteristics are transitional, hybrid and dynamic. This ...study focuses on the transformation and coexistence of basic structure of urban village by choosing Mayuan urban village located in Kunming city, China, as a case study, analyzing the situation of mixture and mixed settlement under the influence of top-down urban policy and bottom-up local spontaneity. It is found that overall land use characteristics are highly mixed, while the old residential area has its own versatility with the coexistence of residence and commerce.
The present study aims to understand better the structural elements controlling the hydrocarbon potentiality and productivity for the upper Cretaceous reservoirs in the Eastern flank of the Abu ...Gharadig Basin in the Western Desert of Egypt. The major sandstone reservoirs in this area are found within Abu Roash “G” Member and Upper Bahariya Formation, characterized by lateral facies changes with major structure uncertainty and unleashed hydrocarbon potential. Therefore, we aimed to identify the lateral distribution of the studied reservoirs regionally in Abrar, Ferdaus, Ganna, Rawda, Sidra, and Rayan fields at the North Bahariya Concession and Aqsa and Yamma-SE fields at the East Bahariya Concession through integrated geological and geophysical studies for further exploration activities in this area. As a result, we produced regional depth contour maps covering most of the producing fields with the lateral distribution of hydrocarbon occurrences through the area. Moreover, the petrophysical parameter maps for the Middle and Lower Abu Roash “G” reservoirs, such as net pay thickness, shale volume, effective porosity, and hydrocarbon saturation are prepared to understand the hydrocarbon potentiality. This, in turn, allowed us to determine nine promising structural traps for future exploration with high certainty.
The changes in the sectoral and spatial structure of the world’s mining industry that occurred the period during 1980–2019 in the conditions of post-industrial development of the world economy are ...considered. The relevance of the study is dictated by the global process of dematerialisation of the economy under the influence of scientific and technological progress and the transition of world production to the principles of sustainable development, which causes not only a change in the role of the mining industry in the structure of the economy, but also entails a qualitative transformation of its spatial structure. On the base of calculations of indices characterising the intensity of dynamics, structural shifts and the spatial concentration of the volumes of mineral raw materials extraction with the subsequent interpretation of their values, the key trends in the development of the mining industry and the features characteristic of its constituent sectors, including the extraction of coal, oil, natural gas, iron ore, bauxite, copper, potash and phosphate rock were identified. The result of the conducted research is the revealed features of the mining industry development in the post-industrial period, which consist of positive dynamics of its functioning, stabilisation of the sectoral structure and strengthening of the positions of developing countries and individual regions in the extraction of mineral resources. The obtained results allow us to assess the features of processes taking place in the primary sector of the world economy at the present stage of development and the role of individual countries and regions in the mining industry of the world.
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