The ever increasing fossil fuel usage and cost, environmental concern has forced the world to look for alternatives. Straight vegetable oils in compression ignition engine are a ready solution ...available, however, with certain limitations and with some advantages as reported by many researchers. A comprehensive and critical review is presented specifically pertaining to straight vegetable oils usage in diesel engine. A detailed record of historical events described. Research carried out specifically under Indian conditions and international research work on the usage of straight vegetable oils in the diesel engine is separately reviewed. Many researchers have reported that straight vegetable oils in small percentage blends with diesel when used lower capacity diesel engines have shown great promise with regards to the thermal performance as well exhaust emissions. This has been explained in detail. Finally based on the review of international as well as Indian research a SWOT analysis is carried out. The review concludes that there is still scope for research in this area.
Institutions are vital to the sustainability of social-ecological systems, balancing individual and group interests and coordinating responses to change. Ecological decline and social conflict in ...many places, however, indicate that our understanding and fostering of effective institutions for natural resource management is still lacking. We assess theoretical and methodological challenges facing positivist institutional analysis, focusing on natural resource governance according to Ostrom’s social-ecological systems (SES) framework. Rather than adding more variables, progress requires a clearer, more consistent approach to selecting, defining and measuring institutional elements; stronger links between theory and empirical research; a greater focus on mechanisms and causality; and the development and application of new methods, including quantitative approaches. Strengthening the connections between theory, models, and data suggests several promising avenues for advancing institutional analysis through the study of relationships between institutional structure, process, function, context, and outcomes.
Purpose - Without the adoption of a uniform agreed upon definition of supply chain management (SCM), researchers and practitioners will not be able to "advance the theory and practice" of the ...discipline. An integrated definition of SCM would greatly benefit researchers' efforts to study the phenomenon of SCM and those practitioners attempting to implement SCM. This paper aims to address these issues.Design methodology approach - Using the qualitative analysis software NVivo, this study examines 166 definitions of SCM that have appeared in the literature to determine important components of an integrated definition of SCM.Findings - Three broad themes of SCM are identified, including: activities; benefits; and constituents components. An encompassing definition of SCM is developed from the qualitative analysis of these definitions.Research limitations implications - While a large number of SCM definitions have been included in the research design, there may be additional definitions that are excluded given the very large number of SCM publications.Practical implications - A consensus definition of SCM will allow researchers to more precisely develop theory and practitioners to identify the scope and boundaries of SCM.Originality value - This paper is the first attempt to include a large number of SCM definitions for the purpose of developing a consensus definition of the concept. Previous literature has included only a subset of published SCM definitions.
Introduction.The modern stage of education development brings to the fore an individual approach to students, which, of course, is facilitated by the organization of their project and research ...activities. The relevance of research activities is obvious, because it aims to acquire students’ functional research skills as a universal way of mastering reality. This is facilitated by increased motivation for learning activities and activation of the student’s personal position in the educational process, the basis of which is not only the acquisition of subjectively new, independently acquired knowledge that is new and personally significant for a particular student, but also their understanding of each stage of work based on reflection. Theoretical analysis The article presents the experience of systematic reflection on the process of scientific and research work organization of SSU undergraduates studying in the field of psychology and pedagogy when reflecting on their own potentials and significance of their research work as a mechanism of their activity manifestation. Developing potential of undergraduates‘ research work organization is revealed as strengthening their research work engagement and formation of their research position. Conclusion. Consideration of the problem of the organization of systemic reflection among undergraduates revealed increased activity and effectiveness both in research activities and when defending the final qualifying work.
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to characterize library and information science (LIS) as fragmenting discipline both historically and by applying Whitley’s (1984) theory about the organization of ...sciences and Fuchs’ (1993) theory about scientific change.Design/methodology/approachThe study combines historical source analysis with conceptual and theoretical analysis for characterizing LIS. An attempt is made to empirically validate the distinction between LIS context, L&I services and information seeking as fragmented adhocracies and information retrieval and scientific communication (scientometrics) as technologically integrated bureaucracies.FindingsThe origin of fragmentation in LIS due the contributions of other disciplines can be traced in the 1960s and 1970s for solving the problems produced by the growth of scientific literature. Computer science and business established academic programs and started research relevant to LIS community focusing on information retrieval and bibliometrics. This has led to differing research interests between LIS and other disciplines concerning research topics and methods. LIS has been characterized as fragmented adhocracy as a whole, but we make a distinction between research topics LIS context, L&I services and information seeking as fragmented adhocracies and information retrieval and scientific communication (scientometrics) as technologically integrated bureaucracies.Originality/valueThe paper provides an elaborated historical perspective on the fragmentation of LIS in the pressure of other disciplines. It also characterizes LIS as discipline in a fresh way by applying Whitley’s (1984) theory.
The aim of this article was to show the labor valour during the Great Patriotic War of the employees of the first research institute in Irkutsk, which began its history in 1912, as well as their ...success of the present time. The oldest scientific institution in the Irkutsk region was originally created on the initiative of the Siberian Medical Society as a laboratory and was transformed into the Chemical and Bacteriological Institute in 1918, and in 1930 it became the Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of the People’s Commissariat of Public Health of Russia. By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the institute had an epidemiological department and a microbiological laboratory that carried out epidemiological surveillance and diagnosis of a wide range of infections in Siberia. During the war years, the manufacturing sector with the production of vaccines and serums acquired particular importance. By the end of the war, 285 employees worked at the institute, 32 of them had higher education. During the war years, the production of vaccines against typhoid, paratyphoid, dysentery, diphtheria, tuberculosis, and smallpox was significantly increased. Serums against tetanus and measles, and a dysentery bacteriophage were produced. At the same time, research projects and thesis works were carried out. The employees of the institute received national and departmental awards, commendations, honorary distinctions, and rewards for their scientific work and production excellence. Currently, the institute continues the glorious traditions of the past and demonstrates truly heroic efforts in the development of virology and microbiology, working in priority areas of medical and biological science. Of course, the works of scientists of the present time will be appreciated only by descendants, as is now happening with the assessment of the work of the Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology during the Great Patriotic War.
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