Whether refugees in need of protection should be granted long- or short-term residence permits in the host country upon arrival is a long-standing debate in the migration policy and scholarly ...literature. Rights-based models of inclusion advocate for secure and long-term residency status arguing that this will provide the foundations for successful inclusion. Responsibilities-based models on the other hand claim that migrants should only be granted such status if certain criteria, such as full-time employment, have been met, again under the belief that such a system will facilitate inclusion into the host society. Using a sudden policy change as a natural experiment combined with detailed Swedish registry data, we examine the effect permanent residency on three measures of labour market inclusion in the short-term. Our findings are twofold. On the one hand, we find that temporary residents that are subject to a relatively less-inclusive situation have higher incomes and less unemployment. However, at the same time, they are less likely to spend time in education than are those with permanent residency.
First part title
Permanent or Temporary Settlement?
Second part title
A Study on the Short-Term Effects of Temporary and Permanent Residence Permits on Labour Market Participation
Border Struggles Within the State Könönen, Jukka
Nordic Journal of Migration Research,
09/2018, Letnik:
8, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Drawing on interviews with non-EU citizens, who arrived as asylum seekers or students in Finland, I examine different aspects of materialisation of borders within the state. This article focuses on ...non-citizens’ negotiations with the immigration bureaucracy, in particular on administrative procedures in residence permit applications. The analysis of non-citizens’ immigration trajectories and various border struggles during the conditional period before obtaining a permanent residence permit reveals the non-linear nature of immigration. The immigration process involves transitions in the legal status, which consequently affect non-citizens’ position in the labour market, access to welfare services, and the terms of family reunification. The concept of administrative bordering introduced in this article highlights the significant role of the bureaucratic procedures in migration management. I argue that administrative bordering related to the inclusion and exclusion of non-citizens creates pervasive insecurity about one’s presence and future as it can potentially modify individual immigration trajectories.
A high number of legal changes accompanied the increase of people seeking asylum in Germany throughout the 18th legislative period from 2013–2017. These changes have transformed the field of ...humanitarian reception in Germany, especially along the axes of citizenship, integration performance and deviation from administrative and legal rules. Half of the legal measures from this period have led to differential rights for different groups of asylum seekers according to one of these three axes. The axis of citizenship has also structured the development of administrative procedures referred to as “integrated refugee management” which was established to speed up asylum seeking processes, classifying persons applying for a humanitarian residence visa in Germany into four clusters. This categorization, too, led to different entitlements regarding the admittance to state-financed German courses and integration measures focussed on education and the labour market. In this article I employ the notion of differential inclusion (Mezzadra & Neilson, 2012) to analyse these legal and administrative changes. I show that they have reshaped the substructures impacting the lives of those categorized as “genuine” and “illegitimate” refugees and thus redrawn the boundaries and created hierarchies among those seeking humanitarian protection in Germany.
The Netherlands already had a residence-based scheme for old-age pensions when the first Coordination Regulation came into force. This national scheme incorporated a pro-rata system from the start ...and fits rather well, despite differences in character, with the coordination rules. Health care became organised in a residence-based scheme in 2004, and is based on a contributory system that also fits well with the coordination rules. Special non-contributory benefits and social assistance are more vulnerable to the growth of mobility. Although there are certainly deficiencies and challenges in the system, there are various techniques in residence-based schemes that can be used to control access by mobile persons and at the same time to ensure a minimum income or provision. This makes it interesting to carry out a comparison with other residence-based schemes.
One third of Eritrea's citizens live in exile, and their government uses coercion, intimidation, and manipulation of patriotism to maintain financial flows from the diaspora through a rehabilitation ...tax and by delegating welfare responsibilities to its citizens abroad. Over one million Eritreans reside in Arab states, yet, we know little about their attitudes towards the homeland regime. Contrary to their compatriots in Europe and North America, they do not have political asylum and instead depend on work contracts for their residence permits. This makes them vulnerable to demands of transnational Eritrean institutions, which issue vital documents in exchange for fulfillment of financial obligations. The diasporic political space is doubly restricted, since authoritarian host states neither permit political activities, nor do they provide reliable protection from the Eritrean regime. This article explores the extent to which Eritreans in the Arab Gulf and Sudan can avert coercion by their home government, and how these states disempower diasporic contention.
Fulfilling the housing needs for foreign nationals in Indonesia is not only limited to houses on the ground but also regular houses such as apartments. In the context of the supervisory function of ...the presence of foreigners in Indonesia who live in apartments, it is necessary to have the participation of apartment dwelling managers in assisting the government by providing reports on their whereabouts. The problem in this research is how is the legal responsibility of residential managers in reporting the presence of foreigners living in apartment dwellings and what are the legal sanctions for apartment dwelling managers who do not report the presence of foreigners living in apartment dwellings. The problem approach in this study was carried out using a normative and empirical juridical approach. The results of the study stated that the mechanism for managing residence permits for foreign nationals in apartment dwellings was carried out with rules that had been made by the apartment dwelling managers themselves but still had to coordinate with relevant agencies, namely companies where foreigners work and also with the local government, especially the immigration authorities. Meanwhile, regarding the sanctions for apartment dwelling managers who do not report the presence of foreigners living in their apartment dwellings, Article 117 of Law Number 6 of 2011 concerning immigration.
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