This article proposes a reflection on the educational skills of residential institutions that welcome mothers with their children following the assessment of their vulnerability in terms of parental ...functioning. The reflections conducted will be supported by testimonies collected in various training contexts addressed to educators of the mother/child communities and in some group meetings held with mothers whose children have been entrusted to foster families. How can the residential community that welcomes them constitute itself as a "symbolic parent" to repair those ancient wounds that have made them incomplete daughters and now "fragile" mothers? These are the questions we are going to answer. Keywords. Parenting narratives - residential communities - educational interventions
•We investigated causes of urban sprawl in China from land financial incentives.•Urban sprawl in Chongqing manifests in the forms of industrial parks, residential communities and peri-urban informal ...development.•Chongqing underwent rapid urban sprawl toward the peri-urban areas.•The conflicts around land financial incentives have driven urban sprawl in Chongqing.
Uneven land reform and entangled land-use regulations are extensively regarded as the key to urban sprawl in large cities in China. Although the significance of land issues has been substantially recognized, conflicts regarding land finance seem to be a generally under-evaluated factor in explaining the phenomenon of urban sprawl. This study conducted an extensive literature research and proposed a conceptual framework to demonstrate the effects of land financial incentives on urban sprawl in China. Urban sprawl in China manifests in multiple forms, such as leapfrogged industrial parks, low-density residential communities that are discontinuous from existing urban centers, and chaotic peri-urban informal development. These forms of urban sprawl may be closely associated with failures in government and market forces under the land financial incentives. We used this framework to analyze the experiences of Chongqing and found that local governments have heavily relied on land finance through the proactive approach of land leasing. Stimulated by the incentives, Chongqing has accelerated its urban development beyond the existing restrictions of natural barriers and sprawled toward the peri-urban areas. The causes of urban sprawl were highlighted from the inherent impulses and conflicts of land finance, such as the oversupply of underpriced industrial land at the current loss of land finance, overreliance on the continuously increasing land finance from residential land, and fierce competition on slicing the pie of land finance through formal and informal means. The proposed framework and the challenges of anti-sprawl policies were also discussed.
This paper proposes a combinatorial auction approach for multi-resource allocation of an energy storage (ES) shared by multiple electricity end users in a residential community. Through the auction, ...a user buys a group of ES resources, including capacity, energy, charging power, and discharging power, from the ES operator. With the ES resources, users store grid energy during low-electricity-price hours, so that they can consume the cheap stored energy during high-electricity-price hours to reduce their electricity bills. In the auction, users submit their resource demands and corresponding bid prices, based on which the ES operator determines the winners and the final payments that the winners must pay. To solve the NP-hard winner determination problem, a fully polynomial time approximation scheme (FPTAS) is developed, which can optimize social welfare but may violate resource supply constraints. To deal with the constraint violation, the ES operator may buy extra energy outside the system to meet the winners' actual demands. Further, a distributed implementation of the auction is designed to offload the auction computation onto the users while preventing the users from manipulating the auction outcomes in the course of computation. The proposed distributed auction can ensure that all users faithfully complete the assigned computation tasks in an ex-post Nash equilibrium. A real time-of-use (TOU) electricity tariff and actual home load data are used in the simulation, in which the proposed auction approach is evaluated in terms of social welfare and computational efficiency.
•Hybrid PSO–GWO optimizer gives better results than PSO and GWO, individually.•Hybrid system with BSS is cost-effective than that one using HSS.•Desalination powered by renewables is cost-effective ...for the given area.•Desalination powered from PV/wind/BSS/diesel is the optimal system.
This paper presents a grid-connected hybrid renewable energy integrated with a reverse osmosis desalination plant to provide fresh water for a residential community. The hybrid energy system comprises a photovoltaic module and wind turbine as the main source of energy, and battery storage systems or hydrogen storage systems are used as an energy storage system, while a diesel generator is used as a backup energy source. A new multi-objective hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization – Grey Wolf Optimizer (PSO–GWO) optimization method is used to obtain the optimal size of the different system components to minimize both the total cost of fresh water production and, at the same time, CO2 emissions, for a period of 20 years. Moreover, a comparison is done between the PSO–GWO optimization method and the use of PSO alone and the use of GWO alone. The solar radiation, temperature and wind speed of the residential community are measured using the weather station system. A comparison between different hybrid system configurations using three different optimization methods is presented. The complete model for energy management strategies and the optimization models for this study are programmed using MATLAB software. The results show that the proposed PSO–GWO hybrid performs better at determining the optimization parameters than either of the same optimization methods used in isolation. The optimization results indicate that a battery storage system is more economical than a hydrogen storage system. Further reduction in cost can be achieved by incorporating a diesel generator into the hybrid system. Finally, sensitivity analyses are performed to show how varying certain parameters affects total investment cost. Such analyses have shown that the variation in annual solar irradiance has a greater impact on the total investment cost than wind speed variation.
Abstract
The peak and valley load differences in residential communities are large, and there is a timing difference between the peak hours of load and photovoltaic power generation. As a result, ...power storage system deployment can employ photovoltaic output to lessen peak and valley load discrepancies. To make power storage design in residential areas more feasible, the research initially examines the influence of charging and discharging rate and depth on the life of power storage batteries to develop a dynamic loss model for power storage batteries and estimate the operational life of the system; secondly, as the goal function, the largest yearly net revenue is used to optimize the optimization of the power storage system; finally uses particle swarm algorithm to simulate the power storage system in residential communities under different operational scenarios. The results indicate that the residential district power storage system is more effective in the grid-connected scenario and validate the reasonableness and effectiveness of the model used, providing a reference for the planning and construction of residential district power storage systems.
Owing to the significant role of sunlight hours in human survival, it is crucial to assess the fairness of sunlight resource allocation among different socioeconomic classes, which is essential for ...the overall harmonious development of a society. This study focused on selected residential communities in Fuzhou, China, and conducted a simulation analysis of sunlight hours using a Solar Grid Model. Additionally, based on the transaction prices of residential properties in the area, this study employs regression analysis to discuss the current supply and demand of sunlight hours for residences with different price ranges. This study found that properties belonging to the lower-spending group may experience excessive sunlight hours during summer. An increase of one hour in sunlight hours on the summer solstice is associated with a decrease of approximately 45,000 RMB in the total property price. In contrast, the higher-spending group is more likely to face insufficient sunlight during winter, and an increase of one hour in sunlight hours on the winter solstice is associated with an approximate 28,000 RMB rise in the total property price. Furthermore, the study found that controlling the size of the property area for medium- to low-priced residential properties within a range of 113 m2 enables better utilization of sunlight resources. In contrast, high-priced residences, if designed with large protrusions, are prone to wasting sunlight resources. This study employed a novel approach to simulate and replicate the current sunlight conditions in urban architectural clusters. For the first time, this study systematically analyzed variations in the demand for sunlight hours across different socioeconomic groups, using property prices as references. Finally, this study summarizes the typical characteristics of sunlight design issues related to residential sample variations and proposes corresponding solutions.
The number of US adults ages sixty-five and older who are living with dementia is substantial and expected to grow, raising concerns about the demands that will be placed on family members and other ...unpaid caregivers. We used data from the 2011 National Health and Aging Trends Study and its companion study, the National Study of Caregiving, to investigate the role of dementia in caregiving. We found that among family and unpaid caregivers to older noninstitutionalized adults, one-third of caregivers, and 41 percent of the hours of help they provide, help people with dementia, who account for about 10 percent of older noninstitutionalized adults. Among older adults who receive help, the vast majority in both community and residential care settings other than nursing homes rely on family or unpaid caregivers (more than 90 percent and more than 80 percent, respectively), regardless of their dementia status. Caregiving is most intense, however, to older adults with dementia in community settings and from caregivers who are spouses or daughters or who live with the care recipient.
The concept of community is often used in environmental policy to foster environmental stewardship and public participation, crucial prerequisites of effective management. However, prevailing ...conceptualizations of community based on residential location or resource use are limited with respect to their utility as surrogates for communities of shared environment-related interests, and because of the localist perspective they entail. Thus, addressing contemporary sustainability challenges, which tend to involve transnational social and environmental interactions, urgently requires additional approaches to conceptualizing community that are compatible with current globalization. We propose a framing for redefining community based on place attachment (i.e., the bonds people form with places) in the context of Australia’s Great Barrier Reef, a World Heritage Area threatened by drivers requiring management and political action at scales beyond the local. Using data on place attachment from 5,403 respondents residing locally, nationally, and internationally, we identified four communities that each shared a type of attachment to the reef and that spanned conventional location and use communities. We suggest that as human–environment interactions change with increasing mobility (both corporeal and that mediated by communication and information technology), new types of people–place relations that transcend geographic and social boundaries and do not require ongoing direct experience to form are emerging. We propose that adopting a place attachment framing to community provides a means to capture the neglected nonmaterial bonds people form with the environment, and could be leveraged to foster transnational environmental stewardship, critical to advancing global sustainability in our increasingly connected world.
•The effect of individual system variables under various system mixes was analyzed.•Hybrid energy network was assessed by reliability, cost and environmental aspects.•The cost optimal designs of four ...network scenarios were obtained and compared.•The external factors such as system unit prices and utility prices were considered.
A fuel cell system has received considerable interest as an effective combined heat and power (CHP) generation system. In particular, a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has been regarded as suitable for residential buildings as their low-temperature heat generation can be used to meet high heat demand. This study aims to optimize renewable energy networks on the basis of PEMFC, considering both different system mixes in an energy network and different system sizes. This study scrutinizes the overall performance of different hybrid energy networks based on PEMFC in terms of the reliability, economic, and environmental perspectives when both the heat and power generation from PEMFC are used to meet the energy need of residential communities. A hybrid renewable energy network for a residential community with 12 households is modeled and simulated using TRNSYS to evaluate the performance of different hybrid energy network scenarios. Four scenarios are created on the basis of the base case with a gas-based fuel cell (FC) system and heat tank by incrementally adding renewable energy systems—a ground source heat pump (GSHP) system, photovoltaic (PV) system, battery, electrolyzer, and hydrogen storage tank. First, the impacts of individual design variables are quantified using variance-based sensitivity analysis for identification of key design variables. Second, the cost optimization of hybrid energy network is performed under the four scenarios of system mixes. Last, the effects of the key design variables for each scenario are further scrutinized through heat maps. The analysis results of the case study confirms the feasibility of a FC system as part of renewable energy network for residential buildings. Furthermore, Scenario 3 comprising a FC system, GSHP, PV system, and battery is found to be the optimal design in terms of all the three aspects. This result suggests that the whole performance of hybrid energy network can be improved when other renewable systems are included in the network to complement the FC system. In contrast, Scenario 4 using green hydrogen has poorer performance than Scenario 3 using gas as fuel due to high unit prices of hydrogen systems and low efficiency of green hydrogen production. Furthermore, external factors such as utility prices and system unit prices are considered in further analysis and found to have great influence on the optimal design of energy networks.
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