The provisioning of ecosystem services to society is increasingly under pressure from global change. Changing disturbance regimes are of particular concern in this context due to their high potential ...impact on ecosystem structure, function and composition. Resilience‐based stewardship is advocated to address these changes in ecosystem management, but its operational implementation has remained challenging. We review observed and expected changes in disturbance regimes and their potential impacts on provisioning, regulating, cultural and supporting ecosystem services, concentrating on temperate and boreal forests. Subsequently, we focus on resilience as a powerful concept to quantify and address these changes and their impacts, and present an approach towards its operational application using established methods from disturbance ecology. We suggest using the range of variability concept – characterizing and bounding the long‐term behaviour of ecosystems – to locate and delineate the basins of attraction of a system. System recovery in relation to its range of variability can be used to measure resilience of ecosystems, allowing inferences on both engineering resilience (recovery rate) and monitoring for regime shifts (directionality of recovery trajectory). It is important to consider the dynamic nature of these properties in ecosystem analysis and management decision‐making, as both disturbance processes and mechanisms of resilience will be subject to changes in the future. Furthermore, because ecosystem services are at the interface between natural and human systems, the social dimension of resilience (social adaptive capacity and range of variability) requires consideration in responding to changing disturbance regimes in forests. Synthesis and applications. Based on examples from temperate and boreal forests we synthesize principles and pathways for fostering resilience to changing disturbance regimes in ecosystem management. We conclude that future work should focus on testing and implementing these pathways in different contexts to make ecosystem services provisioning more robust to changing disturbance regimes and advance our understanding of how to cope with change and uncertainty in ecosystem management.
•Presenting and analyzing three resilience composition of complex equipment system.•Analyzing five specific factors in actual systems based on these three components.•Giving an improved resilience ...measurement method for complex equipment systems.•Analyzing the five elements of the system through simulation for a given system.
This paper analyzes the resilience composition of complex equipment system. By considering the system itself, resources, and the human factor, the resilience is analyzed from three components: structure resilience, resource resilience and strategy resilience. The impact of subsystems and their interrelationships on resilience are analyzed in structure resilience. In resource resilience, consumable and non-consumable resources are distinguished, and their influences on system resilience are analyzed, respectively. In strategy resilience, how people affect system resilience is discussed, and the nature of strategy resilience in resilience process is analyzed. Based on the above analysis, how these three components of resilience perform in actual systems is analyzed, and the three components of system resilience are refined into five specific factors involved in system resilience. Then, an improved resilience measurement method for complex equipment systems is given. In simulation, the five elements of resilience are analyzed and studied, respectively. Through simulation and comprehensive analysis, this paper can give a deeper understanding of the three components of system resilience. The quantitative and qualitative analysis on how to optimize the system under the framework of resilience engineering and the optimization principles of system are provided.
While scholars have been elaborating on the nature and scope of the resilience for some time, the contemporary era of monumental disruptions have elevated this topic to the top of scholarly and ...practical attention. Yet, there is much confusion and ambiguity about how it should be defined and measured. In addition, definitions of resilience appear to vary greatly across disciplines. Given these shortcomings, this study first presents a framing of resilience definition using categorization of attributes under process, structure and strategic move/action, emanating from cross-disciplinary foundation. Second, the study offers conjectures and propositions for multinational enterprises (MNEs) under process, structure and strategic move/action drawing ideas from social, mechanical, and ecological literature regarding this construct. Third, we present a new frame-based methodological approach in presenting the attributes and subordinate concepts of resilience.
In contexts of exposure to atypical stress or adversity, individual and collective resilience refers to the process of sustaining wellbeing by leveraging biological, psychological, social and ...environmental protective and promotive factors and processes (PPFPs). This multisystemic understanding of resilience is generating significant interest but has been difficult to operationalize in psychological research where studies tend to address only one or two systems at a time, often with a primary focus on individual coping strategies. We show how multiple systems implicated in human resilience can be researched in the same study using a longitudinal, six-phase transformative sequential mixed methods study of 14- to 24-year-olds and their elders in two communities dependent on oil and gas industries (Drayton Valley, Canada, and Secunda/eMbalenhle, South Africa). Data collection occurred over a 5-year period, and included: (1) community engagement and the identification of youth health and well-being priorities; (2) participatory youth-centric qualitative research using one-on-one semi-structured interviews and arts-based methods; (3) survey of 500 youth at three time points to assess psychosocial health indicators and outcomes; (4) collection of hair samples to assess stress biomarkers (cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone-DHEA) over time; (5) youth-led ecological data collection and assessment of historical socio-economic development data; and (6) community resource mapping with community elders. Analyzing data from these multiple systems will allow us to understand the interrelationship and impact of PPFPs within and across systems. To date, we have undertaken thematic and narrative qualitative analyses, and descriptive analyses of the preliminary ecological and survey data. As we proceed, we will combine these and grounded theory approaches with innovative techniques such as latent transition analysis and network analysis, as well as modeling of economic conditions and spatial analysis of human geographies to understand patterns of PPFPs and their inter-relationships. By analyzing the complexity of data collected across systems (including cultural contexts) we are demonstrating the possibility of conducting multisystemic resilience research which expands the way psychological research accounts for positive development under stress in different contexts. This comprehensive examination of resilience may offer an example of how the study of resilience can inform socially and contextually relevant interventions and policies.
Workplace resilience is a necessity for organizations and employees given it assists them in overcoming adversity and ultimately succeeding. However, organizational scholars have largely overlooked ...this construct. In this Incubator, we briefly summarize extant research on workplace resilience to highlight opportunities for theory building and advancement of empirical research.
In This Issue: Food Systems Resilience Hilchey, Duncan
Journal of agriculture, food systems, and community development,
09/2017, Letnik:
7, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In this combined spring and summer issue of JAFSCD we highlight the growing interest in food systems resilience, as depicted on our cover by the design of the Hyperions project by Vincent Callebaut ...Architectures. Strategies to promote food system resilience come in many forms, as we reveal in this issue—supporting critical organizational and physical infrastructure along with social capital; incubating new farmers; protecting farm landscapes; using season-extending technology; and supporting labor; as well as adapting to climate change and creating more and stronger connections between farmers of need and residents of need who are in close geographic proximity to each other. Furthermore, resilience can’t come without the support of public- and private-sector actors, including local government and NGOs, who will need ways of measuring food system resilience as they address growing opportunities and challenges in their communities—whether in North America, Europe, or the Global South. With this issue, we are pleased to welcome our newest columnist, Teresa Mares, professor of anthropology at the University of Vermont. Through her column, entitled Cultivating Comida: Pushing the Borders of Food, Culture, and Politics, Teresa will be following closely and commenting on Latinx/Hispanic issues in food systems work, and along the way introduce us to new words and ideas like comida and alimento, and perhaps even impostura (the peasant cultural norm of reciprocity in sharing food during both lean times and those not so lean). Indeed, we have much to learn from our Latinx/Hispanic sisters and brothers who steadily make contributions to agriculture and foodways in the Global North; Teresa will help us understand and make the most of these rich opportunities. In her column, Freedom’s Seeds: Reflections of Food, Race, and Community Development, Monica White takes us on a trip down south to meet “freedom farmers” who played a critical role in the civil rights movement, and who continue to be influential. In our final column for this issue, The Economic Pamphleteer, John Ikerd highlights the revival of urban agriculture and suggests that its full contribution to communities of need is severely under-appreciated. Our final preliminary content is a commentary entitled Fair Labor Practices in Values-Based Agrifood Supply Chains? in which Larry Burmeister and Keiko Tanaka suggest that values-based agrifood supply chains could do a better job of prioritizing fair labor practices. Our first peer-reviewed paper is Eight Qualities of Resilient Food Systems: Toward a Sustainability/Resilience Index by James Worstell and John Green, who continue their work on the quantitative measure of resilient food systems such as locally self-organized processing and marketing. Next, Diane Kuehn, Lisa Chase, and Thomas Sharkey approach resilience from the perspective of maple producers in Adapting to Climate Change: Perceptions of Maple Producers in New York and Vermont. Resilience is also explored in the context of farmland protection in support of sustaining farm communities in Preserving Large Farming Landscapes: The Case of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania by Tom Daniels and Lauren Payne-Riley. In Using Contribution Analysis to Assess the Influence of Farm Link Programs in the U.S., Angela Hersey and Michelle Adams identify factors that prevent most farm link programs from facilitating substantial numbers of farm transfers. Next, Karyn Stein, Miranda Mirosa, and Lynette Carter explore the challenges in participatory and indigenous research methods in It’s Not Just About the Destination, But Also the Journey: Reflections on Research with Indigenous Women Food Growers. Sustainable Intensification, Community, and the Montpellier Panel: A Meta-analysis of Rhetoric in Practice in Sub-Saharan Africa by Anne M. Cafer and Hua Qin yields a disturbing lack of emphasis on community and food security in the sustainable intensification literature focused on sub-Saharan countries. Krycia Cowling, Ruth Lindberg, Andrew L. Dannenberg, Roni A. Neff, and Keshia M. Pollack make the case that health impact assessments should be more widely undertaken as part of local food systems work in Review of Health Impact Assessments Informing Agriculture, Food, and Nutrition Policies, Programs, and Projects in the United States In Assessing the Impact of the EQIP High Tunnel Initiative Analena B. Bruce, James R. Farmer, Elizabeth T. Maynard, and Julia D. Valliant find that, while EQIP is having its intended impact, those farmers who have self-funded their high tunnels report greater economic stability than farmers relying on the NRCS funds for their high tunnels. Jake C. Galzki, David J. Mulla, and Erin Meier move us closer to more realistic estimations of regional food production potential in Mapping Potential Foodsheds Using Regionalized Consumer Expenditure Data for Southeastern Minnesota. In Merging Opposing Viewpoints: Analysis of the Development of a Statewide Sustainable Local Food Advisory Council in a Traditional Agricultural State Molly De Marco, Leah Chapmen, Cordon McGee, Larissa Calancie, Lauren Burnham, and Alice Ammerman shed light on the difficulty of launching a statewide food policy council in a commodity-driven environment. Of course, as a double issue, we have a considerable number of book reviews. Keith Williams reviews Conversations in Food Studies, edited by Colin R. Anderson, Jennifer Brady, Charles Z. Levkoe; Nathan Collins reviews Who Really Feeds the World? The Failures of Agribusiness and the Promise of Agroecology, by Vandana Shiva; David V. Fazzino II reviews Big Hunger: The Unholy Alliance between Corporate America and Anti-Hunger Groups, by Andrew Fisher; Carrie A. Scrufari reviews From Farm to Fork: Perspectives on Growing Sustainable Food Systems in the Twenty-First Century, edited by Sarah J. Morath; and Cassandra Hawkins Wilder reviews We Want Land to Live: Making Political Space for Food Sovereignty, by Amy Trauger. Finally, on a personal note, managing editor Amy Christian and I want to thank the JAFSCD community for its outpouring of support after the loss of our son Tom Hilchey in June. As challenging as this has been to our own personal resilience, we have found solace in the work of this dual spring-summer issue, and greatly appreciate the patience and support of authors and reviewers in helping us bring it to fruition. Publisher and Editor in Chief
Resilience to high impact low probability events is becoming of growing concern, for instance to address the impacts of extreme weather on critical infrastructures worldwide. However, there is, as ...yet, no clear methodology or set of metrics to quantify resilience in the context of power systems and in terms of both operational and infrastructure integrity. In this paper, the resilience "trapezoid" is therefore introduced which extends the resilience "triangle" that is traditionally used in existing studies, in order to consider the different phases that a power system may experience during an extreme event. The resilience trapezoid is then quantified using time-dependent resilience metrics that are specifically introduced to help capture the critical system degradation and recovery features associated to the trapezoid for different temporal phases of an event. Further, we introduce the concepts of operational resilience and infrastructure resilience to gain additional insights in the system response. Different structural and operational resilience enhancement strategies are then analyzed using the proposed assessment framework, considering single and multiple severe windstorm events that hit the 29-bus Great Britain transmission network test case. The results clearly highlight the capability of the proposed framework and metrics to quantify power system resilience and relevant enhancement strategies.
Both a resource for those professionally engaged in work with
sexual and gender minorities and a comprehensive text for use in
courses on working with vulnerable youth populations, Growing
into ...Resilience is a timely and transdisciplinary book.
This article uses both a systematic literature search and co-citation analysis to investigate the specific research domains of organizational resilience and its strategic and operational management ...to understand the current state of development and future research directions.
The research stream on the organizational and operational management of resilience is distant from its infancy, but it can still be considered to be in a developing phase. We found evidence that the academic literature has reached a shared consensus on the definition of resilience, foundations, and characteristics and that in recent years, the main subfield of research has been supply chain resilience. Nevertheless, the literature is still far from reaching consensus on the implementation of resilience, i.e., how to reach operational resilience and how to create and maintain resilient processes. Finally, based on the results of in-depth co-citation and literature analysis, we found seven fruitful future research directions on strategic, organizational and operational resilience.
•We employed both a systematic literature search and co-citation analysis to investigate the specific research domain of organizational resilience.•We clarify the meaning of the term resilience, and we propose a definition of organizational resilience.•We identify four wide research fields and a focus on four different directions, which accurately illustrate the current state of research.•We propose a research agenda containing seven future research directions.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to review existing literature at the intersection of resilience and entrepreneurship. It identifies six scholarly conversations, each of which draws on distinct ...notions of resilience and entrepreneurship. Based on those conversations, shortcomings in the existing literature are discussed and avenues for future research are outlined.
Design/methodology/approach
A systematic multi-disciplinary review of 144 papers that are categorized into six scholarly conversations to build the foundation for a critical discussion of each line of inquiry.
Findings
This paper identifies six conversations or research streams at the intersection of entrepreneurship and resilience: resilience as traits or characteristics of entrepreneurial firms or individuals, resilience as a trigger for entrepreneurial intentions, entrepreneurial behavior as enhancing organizational resilience, entrepreneurial firms fostering macro-level (regions, communities, economies) resilience, resilience in the context of entrepreneurial failure, and resilience as a process of recovery and transformation. The review revealed these publications imprecisely define constructs and use a limited amount of the extant scholarship on both entrepreneurship and resilience. Future research should take a more holistic approach to explore entrepreneurship and resilience from a multi-level and longitudinal perspective, especially in the context of socio-ecological sustainability.
Originality/value
This paper incorporates insights on resilience and entrepreneurship across academic disciplines to show how future contributions could benefit by incorporating research from other fields. In doing so, it provides a starting point for more nuanced discussions around the interrelationships between the different conversations and the role entrepreneurs can play in promoting a positive, long-term trajectory for a socio-ecological system.
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