The modern global economy has developed interconnected and complex supply chains largely due to the benefits companies have found in sophisticated trends and strategies; however, these practices are ...not without risk. In the wake of disruptions caused by COVID-19, natural disasters, Brexit, and the US-China trade war, supply chain resilience has become more important than ever. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of recent literature on resilient supply chain network design (RSCND). The focus was on studies that used a quantitative approach. This study utilised a systematic literature review methodology to evaluate the body of literature on RSCND. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) exploring and analysing existing literature on RSCND, particularly focusing on different types of resilience measures used from an analytical modelling perspective; (2) presenting a new way to classify the quantitative resilience measures used for RSCND and clarifying the implications of incorporating it in terms of costs and benefits; and (3) identifying the gaps and limitations of existing literature and proposing a list of potential issues for future research directions. An analysis of the literature shows that existing resilience measures mainly focus on the resilience of the nodes. The benefits of incorporating resilience measures in the RSCND are illustrated quantitatively in terms of monetary value, lost sales, and demand fulfilment. This study is the first attempt to combine studies on the RSCND using quantitative resilience measures. This study can serve as a starting point for understanding the different resilience measures discussed in the literature, how to incorporate them in designing new or redesigning existing supply chain networks, and the benefits associated with their implementation. Although only 21 studies were found in the analysis, we believe that this topic has a huge scope for future research.
In the last few years, transgender and gender nonconforming people have become more visible in our society, which has sparked a marked increase in awareness, interest, and attention among ...psychologists. Questions have emerged about the extent to which psychologists are able to work competently with this population. This article presents a framework for understanding key clinical issues that psychologists who work with transgender and gender nonconforming individuals will likely encounter in their clinical work. This article does not address the knowledge and skills required to provide services related to gender transition, but rather to provide other psychological services that these clients may need, in light of the high levels of gender-related victimization and discrimination to which they are exposed. An adaptation of the Minority Stress Model (Meyer, 2003) is presented and translated to incorporate the unique experiences encountered by transgender and gender nonconforming individuals. In particular, we examine adverse experiences that are closely related to gender identity and expression, resulting expectations for future victimization or rejection, and internalized transphobia. The impact of Minority Stress Model factors on suicide attempts is presented as a detailed example. Mechanisms by which transgender and gender nonconforming persons develop resilience to the negative psychological effects of these adverse experiences are also discussed. Recommendations for clinicians are then made to assist psychologists in developing competence in working with this population.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to algorithmically and objectively investigate the previous literature on supply chain resilience (SCR) and advance theory by synthesizing new research domains.
...Design/methodology/approach
A two-staged analysis approach, integrating systematic literature review (SLR) with VOSviewer co-occurrence analysis, was applied to the articles published between 2003 and 2018.
Findings
The authors find exponential growth in the literature on SCR over the last decade; however, there is still a gap for empirical research on numerous drivers, barriers, theories, moderators, mediators and research methods intertwined in building SCR.
Research limitations/implications
The review identifies major clusters in which SCR research is conducted and devises a future research agenda based on the findings of co-occurrence analysis.
Practical implications
The findings provide managers with a broad spectrum of factors that are indispensable to build resilience and inform business policy.
Originality/value
While some SLRs exist in the current literature of SCR, the authors undertake a unique analytical perspective, resulting in an idiosyncratic set of research domains for further investigation in the area.
Natural disasters can cause significant damage to power grids. During summer, in countries with high temperatures, distribution systems passing through forested areas are prone to wildfires. This ...paper proposes a stochastic programming approach for increasing resiliency of a distribution system exposed to an approaching wildfire. Dynamic line rating of the overhead lines is considered in order to model the impact of the wildfire on conductor temperature and flowing current. The uncertainties associated with solar radiation, wind speed, and wind direction that affect the progression of the wildfire and the production of stochastic distributed generators are taken into account. A scenario reduction algorithm is applied to reduce the number of scenarios in a tractable size and subsequently the computational burden. The proposed model is transformed to a mixed-integer problem with quadratic constraints, which provides effective solution to the operation of a distribution system against an approaching wildfire. A modified IEEE 33-bus distribution system is used to illustrate the applicability of the proposed approach.
Sustainability has emerged as an important industrial strategic outlook expanding beyond organizational boundaries to include the supply chain. Simultaneously, the industry has also been faced with ...supply chain resilience concerns. Research on the intersection of supply chain sustainability and resilience is nascent and is a consequence of their observed mutual influences. However, confusion about concepts, implementation methods, and measurements of sustainable and resilient supply chains remains. This study completes a systematic literature review that critically examines several major observations and directions. We find the concept of sustainable supply chains is more established, and general agreement on its theoretical foundations exists. Supply chain resilience is relatively less mature. The nexus and relationships between the two topics are often incoherent: there is confusion on sustainable and resilient supply chains establishment; there is no clarity on what practices could jointly advance both areas. A major conflict exists since sustainability generally focuses on efficiency, while resilience seeks effectiveness. We recommend studies to analyze implementation relationships and impact. We also observe that performance measurement systems should be developed to assess supply chain sustainability and resilience performance taking with explicit consideration time horizons considered in these measures.
Improving flood resilience of communities requires a holistic understanding of risks and resilience options as well as the preferences and priorities of different stakeholders. Innovations in risk ...and resilience assessment have helped communities to identify gaps in their flood risk management strategy but selecting and implementing resilience solutions remains a big challenge for many decision-makers. In addition to traditional appraisals and cost-benefit assessments this also calls for a participatory process in which various stakeholders are encouraged to adopt a system-level approach in identifying interventions that can maximise a range of benefits and co-benefits. In this study, we investigate how a combination of modelling and measurement methods can help decision-makers with their flood resilience strategies. We apply a participatory system thinking approach combining Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping (FCM) with a flood resilience measurement framework called Flood Resilience Measurement for Communities (FRMC). We first investigate stakeholders' biases on flood resilience interventions, and then lead them through a system thinking exercise using FCM and FRMC to elicit mental models representing important aspects of flood resilience and their interrelation. These are then aggregated, representing the collective perceptions and knowledge of stakeholders, and used to identify the most beneficial resilience actions in terms of direct and indirect impacts on flood resilience. We apply this approach to the case of Lowestoft, a coastal town in England exposed to significant flood risk. Developed in close collaboration with the local authorities, the ambition is to support decision-making on flood resilience interventions. We find that this combination of methods enables system-level thinking and inclusive decision-making about flood resilience which can ultimately encourage transformative decisions on prioritization of actions and investments.
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•A combination of mind mapping and resilience measurement tool is applied.•The methodology is used to support collective decision making for flood resilience.•It encourages system-thinking and holistic approach in identifying resilience interventions.•Raising awareness about flood resilience is as important as building flood protections.
There is compelling evidence of the potential negative effects of disasters on children's adjustment and functioning. Although there is an increasing base of evidence supporting the effectiveness of ...some interventions for trauma following disaster, more research is needed, particularly on interventions that can be delivered in the early aftermath of disaster as well as those that can address a broader range of adjustment difficulties such as bereavement that may be experienced by children after a disaster. This article identifies gaps in the knowledge of how best to intervene with children following disasters. Key challenges in conducting research in disaster contexts, including obtaining consent, designing rigorous studies, and obtaining funding quickly enough to conduct the study, are discussed. Several strategies hold promise to address research challenges in disasters, including using alternative designs (e.g., propensity scores, matched control groups, group-level assignment), working with schools and communities, and studying implementation of nontraditional modes of intervention delivery.
Urban resilience is an emergent concept that is receiving an increasing attention. Its definition is linked with the ability of an urban system to resist, maintain continuity and recover through all ...stresses while adapting and transforming towards sustainability. The aim of this study is two-fold. First, we analyse the research output on urban resilience using bibliometric techniques and Web of Science (WoS) in order to define the scope and identify topics in the urban resilience literature. CiteSpace software is used to establish the intellectual framework. Second, their contribution to sustainability dimensions and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) based on the research output is explored.
For that purpose, we examined 1014 publications during the period 1998–2020. The findings reveal urban resilience literature has grown since the 2009.A specialization in recent years from more theoretical research to a more practical is identified. In terms of contribution towards sustainability, the findings show the number of publications that directly address sustainability is scarce and more balanced to environmental and social perspectives. These findings can provide a better understanding of the patterns and trends in the field and provides first evidence of the contribution of academic research on urban resilience to sustainability.
•Urban resilience output concentration in a few journals denotes that it is emerging as a discipline•The research illustrates a specialization in recent years from more theoretical research to a more practical.•The number of papers that address sustainability is scarce and more balanced to environmental and social perspectives.•Urban resilience research should increasingly focus on exploring the relationship between resilience and sustainability.
This paper proposes a resilience-oriented design (ROD) technique to protect distribution grids against high-impact but low-probability extreme weather events. The problem is formulated as a two-stage ...stochastic mixed integer problem. The first stage is to make ROD decisions, i.e., hardening existing distribution lines and deploying ROD resources such as back-up distributed generators and automatic switches. The second stage evaluates the system operation cost during a realized extreme weather event and repair cost after the event. A novel modeling strategy is proposed to deal with the decision-dependent uncertainty of distribution line damage status, which is affected by the first-stage hardening decisions. As both stages have binary variables, a modified and computationally efficient progressive hedging algorithm with scenario bundling is introduced. The algorithm performance is evaluated by calculating lower bounds of solutions. The proposed model and algorithms are demonstrated on 34-bus and 123-bus test feeders.
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