Recently security plays a crucial part throughout the communication framework. In the most recent decade, organizations have endeavored to move from a paper-concentrated environment to a sans paper ...environment where data security is one of the essential issues, and any weakness in this respect can have crushing impacts. Security implies the assurance of the data from any unauthorized access or manipulation through spying or scientific or probabilistic calculations and different strategies. For the security of information, researchers are doing more work on ID-based Cryptography (IDC). However, it has two limitations: one suffers from an inherent key escrow problem, and the second is how to revoke the misbehavior/compromised user. Tseng and Tsai have proposed a novel Revocable ID-Based Encryption (RIBE). Yet, they have not considered the key escrow problem. This paper proposed an approach in which secure key issuance is done only for non-revocable ID. This will reduce the key escrow problem as multiple entities rather than one Private Key Generator (PKG) issue the key. It will reduce the possibility of compromised PKG as the private key is cooperatively issued by PKG and multiple Key Privacy Authorities (KPAs).
•Determinants of nitrofurantoin (NIT) resistance in Escherichia coli clinical isolates were studied.•Plasmid-encoded efflux pump OqxAB was not involved in NIT resistance in E. coli clinical ...isolates.•Genetic alterations in nitroreductases NfsA and NfsB were the main mediators of nitrofurantoin resistance.•RibE of most NIT-resistant isolates was unaffected, indicating a minor or no role for this protein in resistance.
The worldwide emergence of multidrug-resistant uropathogens has resulted in the revival of old antibiotics such as nitrofurantoin (NIT) for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs). This study aimed to identify determinants of NIT resistance and to investigate the genetic diversity of NIT-resistant (NIT-R) Escherichia coli isolates.
Six NIT-R and three NIT-susceptible clinical E. coli isolates from patients with UTI were studied. The susceptibility of the isolates to various classes of antibiotics was evaluated by disk diffusion. The presence of plasmid-encoded efflux pump genes (oqxA and oqxB) was investigated by PCR. Nucleotide sequences of the nfsA, nfsB and ribE genes were determined. The genetic relatedness of the NIT-R isolates was evaluated by multilocus sequence typing (MLST).
All six NIT-R isolates were characterised with high-level NIT resistance (MIC ≥ 512 mg/L) and they belonged to five distinct STs including ST131 (n = 2), ST73, ST405, ST10 and ST354 (n = 1 each). Amikacin, carbapenems, minocycline, tigecycline and fosfomycin were the most active agents against the studied uropathogens. The oqxA and oqxB genes were not detected in any isolate. All NIT-R isolates harboured inactivating genetic alterations in nfsA and nfsB NfsA H11Y, S33N, S38Y, W212R substitutions, Δg638 (frameshift), Δa64-g73 (frameshift) and NfsB F84S, P45S, W94Stop, E197Stop substitutions, ΔnfsB locus. The ribE gene of most isolates was unaffected, except for one isolate co-harbouring a deleterious RibE G85C substitution and NfsA/B alterations.
NIT resistance in the studied E. coli isolates was mainly mediated by nfsA and nfsB alterations.
Det er nu 50 år siden, man midt på sommeren i 1973 gjorde et af landets mest spændenderunefund i Ribe. Efterfølgende kunne interesserede i flere danske dagblade læse noglesmå artikler, som i ...forskellige versioner bar overskriften ”Danmarks ældste brev er fundet!”De bragte også fotografier af den mærkelige genstand, der var dukket op af undergrunden:et stykke af en menneskelig hjerneskal tæt beskrevet med runer. Desuden havde nogle afaviserne en ret indgående udredning af sagen. Den daværende leder af Ribes AntikvariskeSamling, mag. art. Mogens Bencard, berettede om begivenhedens detaljer, og Nationalmuseetsruneekspert, dr. phil. Erik Moltke, diskuterede indskriftens indhold. Kort sagtbetragtede forskerne, helt fra den såkaldte "Ribe Hjerneskal" dukkede op af jorden, fundetsom noget af en sensation.
Stanje ribarstva u neposrednim poslijeratnim godinama u Istri za vrijeme Vojne uprave Jugoslavenske armije od 1945. do 1947. godine nije se često javljalo kao istraživačka tema. Problem svakako leži ...i u maloj količini arhivskoga gradiva koje se dotiče ove teme. S obzirom, dakle, na ograničen prostorni i vremenski okvir teme ovoga rada u uvodnim se poglavljima pruža kratak osvrt na stanje ribarstva i industrije prerade ribe u Istri u razdoblju od pokretanja prerađivačke ribarske industrije (kraj 19. st.) pa do kraja Drugoga svjetskog rata, a potom detaljnije na ponovno pokretanje rada te industrije neposredno po svršetku rata. U radu se ukazuje na neke od brojnih izazova s kojima se poslijeratna vlast suočila u obnovi i organizaciji samoga ribolova te u industriji prerade ribe. Za pokretanje ribarstva nužan je preduvjet bila uspostava suradnje sa svim uključenim sudionicima toga procesa. Taj zadatak nije se moglo postići isključivo strogim i tvrdim nametanjem nove
doktrine
, već postupnim upoznavanjem stanovništva s promjenama koje su nastupale i koje će utjecati na sve društvene procese. »Popularizacija« budućega privrednog napretka zemlje obuhvatila je i ribarstvo te se i u toj industrijskoj grani od svih uključenih, počevši od samih ribara pa do zaposlenih u prerađivačkim pogonima, očekivao doprinos u izgradnji bolje ekonomske budućnosti. Vlasti su svojim prvim potezima prvenstveno išle prema uspostavi reda i nadzora nad novim područjem te prema obuhvatnom uvidu u stanje gospodarskih resursa Istre. Komunističke su vlasti poduzimale napore da tehnološki unaprijede i olakšaju uvjete rada i ribolova i prerade. Uz pružanje pomoći ribarima jednako su tako kontinuirano ulagani napori u stvaranje boljih uvjeta i nesmetana rada u tvornicama za preradu. Poseban je izazov predstavljao nedostatak cjelogodišnjih zaliha potrebnih za kontinuiranu proizvodnju, potom pomanjkanje radne snage, pogotovo stručnoga kadra, te problem plasmana gotovih proizvoda. Ovo su bile stalne prepreke za koje su poslijeratne vlasti morale tražiti i stalno iznalaziti odgovarajuća rješenja. Gradivo fonda HR-DAPA-79 Oblasni narodni odbor za Istru (1945-1947) sadrži dokumente koji svjedoče o procesu obnove gospodarske djelatnosti u Istri, a samim time omogućuju detaljniju rekonstrukciju toga procesa.
The state of fisheries in the immediate post-war years in Istria during the Military Administration of the Yugoslav Army between 1945 and 1947 did not often arise as a research topic. The problem certainly lies also in the small amount of archival material addressing this topic. Given, therefore, the limited spatial and temporal framework of the topic of this paper, the introductory chapters provide a brief overview of the state of fishing and the fish processing industry in Istria in the period from the start of the fishing industry (end of the 19th century) until the end of the Second World War, and then, in more detail, of the resumption of the activities of that industry immediately after the end of the war. The paper points out some of the numerous challenges that the post-war government faced in the reconstruction and organization of fishing and the fish processing industry. The establishment of cooperation with all stakeholders in the process was a necessary prerequisite for the relaunching of fishing. This task could not be achieved solely by a strict and harsh imposition of a new doctrine, but by gradually familiarizing the population with the changes which were being introduced and which would affect all social processes. The "popularization" of the country's future economic progress also included fishing, and everyone involved in this industrial branch, starting from the fishermen and ending with the employees of processing plants, was expected to contribute to building a better economic future. The authorities' first moves were primarily aimed at establishing order and supervision over the new area, and at providing a comprehensive insight into the state of economic resources in Istria. The communist authorities undertook efforts to technologically improve and facilitate the conditions of work of both fishing and processing. In addition to providing assistance to fishermen, efforts were also continuously made to create better conditions and smooth functioning in the processing plants. A special challenge was the lack of year-round supplies needed for continuous production, the lack of manpower, especially qualified personnel, and the problem of placing finished products. These were constant obstacles which the post-war authorities had to tackle and constantly find appropriate solutions for. The fonds HR-DAPA-79 Regional People's Committee for Istria (1945-1947) contains documents that bear witness to the process of rehabilitation of economic activity in Istria, thus enabling a more detailed reconstruction of that process.
La situazione relativa all'attività di pesca negli anni dell'immediato dopoguerra in Istria, durante l'Amministrazione militare dell'Armata jugoslava, dal 1945 al 1947, non appariva spesso tra i temi di ricerca. Il problema sta ovviamente anche nella piccola quantità di materiale archivistico che affronta questo argomento. Quindi, prendendo in considerazione il limitato quadro spaziale e temporale del tema di questo lavoro, nei capitoli introduttivi viene riportato un breve cenno sulla situazione relativa all'attività di pesca e all'industria di lavorazione del pesce in Istria nel periodo che va dall'avvio dell'industria di lavorazione del pesce ( fine del XIX secolo) alla fine della Seconda guerra mondiale, e successivamente, in modo più dettagliato, sul riavviamento dell'attività industriale subito dopo la fine della guerra. Il testo denota alcune delle numerose sfide affrontate dalle autorità del dopoguerra relative al ripristino e all' organizzazione della pesca e dell'industria di lavorazione del pesce. Per l'avvio della pesca un presupposto importante è stato quello di instaurare la collaborazione con tutti gli attori coinvolti nel processo. Questo compito non si poteva realizzare esclusivamente imponendo in modo rigoroso e duro una nuova
dottrina
ma facendo conoscere gradualmente agli abitanti i cambiamenti verificati che avrebbero influenzato tutti i processi sociali. La „popolarizzazione“ della futura crescita economica del Paese ha interessato anche il settore della pesca e, di conseguenza, da tutti gli attori coinvolti in questo settore dell'industria, dai pescatori ai lavoratori negli impianti di lavorazione, ci si aspettava un contributo nella creazione di un futuro economico migliore. Le prime mosse delle autorità erano finalizzate a stabilire l'ordine e la vigilanza del nuovo territorio e a ottenere una visione completa dello stato delle risorse economiche dell'Istria. Le autorità comuniste si sono impegnate a migliorare tecnologicamente e ad agevolare le condizioni di lavoro sia della pesca che della lavorazione del pesce. Oltre ad aiutare i pescatori ci si impegnava costantemente a creare condizioni migliori garantendo un buon funzionamento degli impianti di trasformazione. Una sfida particolare era rappresentata dalla mancanza di scorte necessarie per la produzione ininterrotta su base annua, la carenza di manodopera, soprattutto di personale qualificato, e il problema di commercializzazione dei prodotti finiti. Questi erano gli ostacoli costanti per cui le autorità del dopoguerra hanno dovuto cercare e trovare soluzioni adeguate. Il materiale del fondo HR-DAPA-79 Comitato popolare regionale per l'Istria (1945-1947) contiene documenti che testimoniano il processo di ripristino dell' attività economica in Istria, e, di conseguenza, consentono una ricostruzione più dettagliata di tale processo.
Abstract
Radiation-induced neurocognitive dysfunction (RIND) has attracted a lot of attention lately due to the significant improvement of the survival of cancer patients after receiving cranial ...radiotherapy. The detailed mechanisms are not completely understood, but extensive evidence supports an involvement of the inhibition of hippocampal neurogenesis, which may result from radiation-induced depletion of neural stem cells (NSCs) as well as the damage to neurogenic niches. As an important component of neurogenic niches, vascular cells interact with NSCs through different signaling mechanisms, which is similar to the characteristics of radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE). But whether RIBE is involved in neurogenesis inhibition contributed by the damaged vascular cells is unknown. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of RIBEs in non-irradiated bystander NSCs induced by irradiated bEnd.3 vascular endothelial cells in a co-culture system. The results show that compared with the NSCs cultured alone, the properties of NSCs were significantly affected after co-culture with bEnd.3 cells, and further change was induced without obvious oxidative stress and apoptosis when bEnd.3 cells were irradiated, manifesting as a reduction in the proliferation, neurosphere-forming capability and differentiation potential of NSCs. All these results suggest that the damaged vascular endothelial cells may contribute to neurogenesis inhibition via inducing RIBEs in NSCs, thus leading to RIND.
Coastal dune ridges are prominent morphological features of many barrier islands. To investigate the environmental controls on coastal dune ridge formation 38 samples from prominent coastal dune ...ridges on the barrier island of Fanø in the Wadden Sea were dated by the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) technique. Multiple samples were recovered from each dune ridge to test the internal consistency of the ages and to establish the last time the ridges were active. The OSL ages range from 4 ± 1 yr to 318 ± 27 yr and the average age of the dune ridges from 255 ± 30 to 6 ± 2 yr. The results show that Fanø prograded between 1000 and 1500 m in the last 250 to 300 years with an average long-term progradation rate of 4 to 5 m yr−1. We argue that dune ridge formation was favoured by normal regressive conditions resulting from increased sediment supply after an extreme storm surge event in 1634, induced by a combination of regional-scale morphological changes in the updrift coastal configuration and erosion and deposition resulting from reorientation of the barrier shoreline. Increased storminess during the Little Ice Age does not appear to be directly responsible for dune building at Fanø or in the Danish Wadden Sea but may have contributed to an overall increased sediment supply along the coast. In a regional context, dune ridge building was controlled by the inherited morphology of the shoreline that forms a large-scale embayment favouring sediment surplus and regressive conditions in the inner part to the embayment and sediment deficit and transgressive conditions along protruding parts of the embayment. It is further argued that increased marine sediment supply due to changes in local to regional scale coastal morphology and changes in climatic drivers can be equally important controlling dune ridge formation.
•OSL dating constrains coastal dune ridge building; barrier island of Fanø, Denmark.•Dune ridge formation appears to be mainly controlled by marine sediment supply.•Dune ridge building is linked to large-scale coast morphological changes.•No temporal synchronicity in dune ridge building in the Wadden Sea•Pulsed sediment supply after major storm surges can drive dune ridge formation.
PDF
