•50 Ribes taxa were surveyed for γ-linolenic- and stearidonic acid-rich seed oils.•Blackcurrant cultivars from Siberia contained high levels of γ-linolenic acid.•γ-Linolenic acid reached 15–20% of ...total fatty acids in several Ribes cultivars.•Fatty acid profiles allow grouping Ribes species in sections as botanical criteria do.•Multivariate analyses detected metabolic reaction rates among unsaturated fatty acids.
Fifty Ribes species and R. nigrum-based cultivars from eight Ribes sections were surveyed for γ-linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3, n-6)- and stearidonic acid (SDA, 18:4, n-3)-rich oils. R. pallidiflorum, R. glabellum and R. pubescens seed oils contain noticeable GLA amounts: 13.3, 11.8, and 11.9% of total fatty acids (FA), respectively. However, the highest GLA contents were found in the seed oils of several blackcurrant cultivars, highlining Ribes 'Myuryucheene' with 20.2% GLA of total FA. Principal Component Analysis showed that similarities in FA profiles allow grouping species as botanical criteria for Ribes sections do. The main GLA-taxa detected in this study correspond to blackcurrant cultivars, all of them native to Siberia. Considering that such cultivars are notable fruit-producers, its cultivation in Siberia besides producing fruits in very difficult agronomic areas, could produce a valuable by-product, i.e. the seeds, which will add economic value to agricultural systems if devoted to GLA-rich oils extraction.
The aim of this work was to study the mechanism of climatic adaptation of red currant genotypes (Ribes rubrum L.) on the basis of physiological, biochemical and agrometeorological measurements and to ...determine the different phenophases of plant development identify adaptive genotypes for introduction. The studies were carried out in 2014–2017. The indicators of the water status of annual shoots (water content, water retention capacity), the biochemical composition of berries (vitamin C) and phenological observations were evaluated, taking into account meteorological data. The genotypes of R. petraeum Wulf. and R. multiflorum Kit. had the longest production period. Ambiguous data on the influence of temperature on the content of ascorbic acid in berries were revealed. High temperatures (>+26 °C) contributed to a greater accumulation of ascorbic acid in the cultivars of R. vulgare Lam. High accumulations of vitamin C in the range of +25–27 °C were found in R. petraeum Wulf. and R. multiflorum Kit.. High water content and water loss contributed to early recovery from the dormant state and reduced resistance to spring temperature changes in R. vulgare Lam. Genotypes of R. vulgare Lam., and R. multiflorum Kit. are promising for growing in a zone with a temperate continental climate. The genotypes of the species R. petraeum Wulf are suitable for introduction to the areas with a continental climate. The obtained results are important for adaptive gardening.
Volatiles of jostaberries (Ribes x nidigrolaria Bauer)a hybrid of black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) and gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa L.)were isolated via vacuum headspace extraction and analyzed by ...capillary gas chromatographic methods for the first time. (E)-Hex-2-enal, (E)-hex-2-en-1-ol, (Z)-hex-3-enal, (Z)-hex-3-en-1-ol, methyl butanoate, ethyl butanoate, 2-methylbut-3-en-2-ol, and 1,8-cineol turned out to be the most dominant volatiles. The variability of the volatile profile was shown by the analysis of jostaberries harvested from different locations in Southern Germany and in different years. In addition to ripe jostaberries, underripe berries were also investigated and changes in the volatile profile were followed during the ripening process. By using sensory analysis, key aroma compounds were elucidated. An aroma model prepared by mixing most odor active compounds ((Z)-hex-3-enal, 1,8-cineol, ethyl butanoate, (E)-hex-2-enal, (E)-hex-3-enal, hexanal, pent-1-en-3-one, methyl butanoate, ethyl hexanoate, and oct-1-en-3-one) in their naturally occurring concentrations showed an overall aroma very similar to that of fresh jostaberries.
Kontrola malahitnog zelenila u proizvodima akvakulture Bilandžić, Nina; Solomun Kolanović prehr. tehnol, Božica; Varenina biotehnol, Ivana
MESO: Prvi hrvatski časopis o mesu,
08/2012, Letnik:
XIV, Številka:
4
Magazine Article
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Sažetak
Malahitno zelenilo (MZ) se tradicionalno koristi kao trifenilmetanska boja u tekstilnoj industriji, kao pigment te kao prehrambeni aditiv.
U uzgoju riba koristi se kao vrlo učinkovit ...fungicid, parasiticid, antiprotozoan i bacteriocid. U organizmu ribe MZ se metabolizira u
leukomalahitno zelenilo (LMZ) koji se zbog svojih lipofilnih svojstava zadržava u masnom tkivu kroz duže vrijeme. Brojna istraživanja
in vitro i in vivo pokazala su citotoksična, te karcinogena, mutagena i teratogena svojstva MZ i LMZ. Zbog toga je primjena MZ zabranjena
u životinjskih vrsta namijenjenim ishrani u Sjedinjenim Državama odnosno zemljama Europske Unije. Usprkos zabrani MZ se
još uvijek koristi u intenzivnom ribnjačarstvu te su ostaci MZ i LMZ najčešći u incidenciji nedozvoljenih tvari u proizvodima akvakulture.
Zbog toga je Europska Unija propisala granicu najmanje zahtjevane učinkovitosti izvedbe metoda (MRPL, eng. minimum required
performance limit) od 2 μg/kg za određivanje MZ i LMZ. Danas se za kvanifikaciju ostataka MZ i LMZ u tkivima riba primjenjuju metode
tekućinske kromatografije i tekućinske kromatografije tandemske spektrometrije masa. Usprkos zabrani korištenja u zemljama
Europske Unije sustavno se pronalaze povišene koncentracije MZ i LMZ u svim vrstama ribe i ribljih proizvoda. U periodu od 2002. do
2011. godine sustavom brzog uzbunjivanja za hranu i hranu za životinje (RASFF, eng. Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed) povišene
koncentracije MZ i LMZ utvrđene su u 123 uzorka riba i proizvoda. Najveći broj od 50 uzorka zabilježen je 2005. godine. U ukupnom
broju pozitivnih uzoraka 47 uzoraka podrijetlom je iz Vijetnama, 12 iz Indonezije, 10 iz Kine i 3 iz Tailanda odnosno 58,5 % uzoraka
podrijetlom je iz Azije. Prema tome kontrola MZ i LMZ je izrazito važna za zaštitu zdravlja potrošača.
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