This article traces state practices for governing Roma in the late Habsburg Empire. In the years leading up to the First World War, Roma became troubling symbols of the limits of the Habsburg state’s ...sovereignty over its borders and people. In their alleged resistance to authority, they seemed to embody both the failures of the Empire’s “civilizing” mission and its efforts to control mobility. A growing number of Austrian authorities began to call for the forcible internment of individuals labeled “Gypsies.” This represented a shift from earlier strategies for governing Roma, which typically entailed policies of forcible sedentarization or deportation. This turn toward internment took place in the context of a broad panic over uncontrolled mobility, escalating border control, and the rise of a racialized understanding of the category “Gypsy.” Persecution of Roma in this period prefigured the treatment of refugees later in the twentieth century, and may shed light on the origins and dynamics of contemporary “migration panics.”
This paper presents a retrospective ethnography of a failed attempt, by Rome's municipal institutions, to implement a formal decision concerning the management of an authorized Roma camp. The study ...unpacks multiple relations between the various actors involved (Roma families, NGOs and the city authorities involved in the management of the settlements), focusing particularly on the forms of brokerage and micro-negotiations that are located at the edge of formal procedures. I aim to highlight how informal networks have been pivotal in managing, reproducing and eventually shaping the “nomad camps” system in Rome, bringing to the fore the ways in which chains of informal relations produce hidden connections that reshape the role of each of the subjects and the space for claims-making. I thereby provide an anthropological analysis of the means through which the city's camps system has been informally managed for more than thirty years and, with it, the housing rights of Roma.
•Housing security for Roma in Rome depends on access to authorized settlements/camps•Formal and strict regulations, lack of rules and informal practices are intertwined in the management of “nomad camps”•Informal relations connect all the subjects involved in the nomad camp system: Municipal officials, NGOs staff, Roma people•Informality acts as a governmental tool reshaping strategies and subjectivities of all the actors•Recommendations: abandon the nomad camps policy; create clear and direct channel between Roma and institutions.
Contemporary West European shantytowns have essentially been studied with qualitative methods. Questions related to their ethnic structure, homophily and interaction with local institutions have not ...been analysed through large samples and survey data. Based on the example of Romanian and Bulgarian Roma living in shantytowns in the Parisian metropolitan area, we analyse the 'historical' region of origin (autochthony), networks between individuals and households having lived together in a shantytown, as well as some of their attitudes, skills, and behaviour (i.e. expectations as to local welfare, French proficiency, children's schooling). We used a database of slum-dwellers in Paris collected by social workers (N = 12,019). The paper looks at how autochthonies combine with socialisation in shantytowns and with territorial institutional effects of local policies. Evidence shows that while there are limited differences in the socio-professional backgrounds of slum-dwellers, there are several differences in attitudes, behaviour and skills. Moreover, social network analysis shows that these differences are only weakly related to the households' region of origin (autochthony), while they are more correlated to emergent structural clusters of co-habitation connections, where individuals socialise in acting together to build and manage a shantytown. Moreover, local policies at the city level play a role in shaping shantytown dwellers expectations and skills for integration.
The article deals with the identity formation and coming-of-age processes of Romani girls who have migrated from Romania to France. First, some more general reflections on the identity formation ...processes of young women in diasporic Roma communities are made. In this context, identity hybridization processes are described with Bhabha’s “third space” concept. Following this, the literary staging of such identity negotiations will be examined using the example of two selected French narratives: the fictional life story Gadji! (2008) by the non-Romani writer Lucie Land on the one hand and the semi-autobiographal Je suis Tzigane et je le reste (I´m a Gypsy and I remain one, 2014) by Anina Ciuciu (and co-authored by the non-Romani journalist Frédéric Veille) on the other. At the same time, the question will be asked whether and which differences can be observed between the presentation from an external viewpoint or that of a self-perspective and how these differences should be interpreted.
Since the late 1990s and particularly after 2000, Romani literature has been characterized in part by the influence of international and global developments within the Romani movement as well as the ...growth of digital technologies and the internet. Romani publications are going digital in different formats, including the digitization of public domain materials, e-books, audiobooks, internet publishing and social media publishing. This article discusses how digital technologies have been incorporated in Romani literature production and proposes a typology of the digital forms of Romani literature. It also provides an analysis of the issues and challenges that are observed in Romani digital publishing, some of which are specifically related to this type of publishing, while others apply to Romani literature in general.
The importance of community health psychology in providing complex bio-psycho-social care is well documented. We present a mixed-method outcome-monitoring study of health psychology services in the ...public-health-focused Primary Health Care Development Model Program (2012-2017) in four disadvantaged micro-regions in northeast Hungary.
Study 1 assessed the availability of the services using a sample of 17,003 respondents. Study 2 applied a follow-up design to measure the mental health outcomes of the health psychology services on a sample of 132 clients. In Study 3, we conducted focus-group interviews to assess clients' lived experiences.
More mental health issues and higher education predicted a higher probability of service use. Follow-up showed that individual and group-based psychological interventions resulted in less depression and (marginally) higher well-being. Thematic analysis of the focus-group interviews indicated that participants deemed topics such as psychoeducation, greater acceptance of psychological support, and heightened awareness of individual and community support important.
The results of the monitoring study demonstrate the important role health psychology services can play in primary healthcare in disadvantaged regions in Hungary. Community health psychology can improve well-being, reduce inequality, raise the population's health awareness, and address unmet social needs in disadvantaged regions.
Although in recent years a whole series of measures and programmes have been carried out with the aim of having an impact on the situations of discrimination and racism in which the Romani population ...is immersed, the results obtained allow us to surmise that, although there has been some progress, the situation has not entirely changed. A stereotyped view of the Romani population still exists in some parts of Spanish society, meaning that this community continues to be immersed in a profound process of social exclusion. Objectives of research are to demonstrate whether there are situations of discrimination in the Huelva Roma population, as well as to know the areas in which these acts of discrimination are carried out. A qualitative method was chosen. The technique used was an in-depth interview, to allow us to understand the perspective of the professionals who work with this group. In general, we have seen how situations of discrimination against the Romani population persist. These situations extend to different spheres of life, and whose factors respond to a multiplicity of causes. There is a need for significant, long-lasting change. This means it is necessary both to change the processes of social intervention and to involve the Romani community itself, as without their collaboration and legitimacy any intervention will lack future perspective.
Partendo dal recupero di documenti d’archivio, in particolare una schedatura prodotta agli inizi del Novecento dall’archeologo Carlo Anti per il Museo di Verona, e da altre fonti, si individuano ...alcuni nuovi esemplari di bronzetti di età romana rinvenuti a Verona e nel suo territorio.
The Roma are Europe's largest minority. They are also one of its most disadvantaged, with low levels of education and health and high levels of poverty. Research on Roma health often reveals higher ...burdens of disease in the communities studied. This paper aims to review the literature on communicable diseases among Roma across Eastern and Central Europe. A PubMed search was carried out for communicable diseases among Roma in these parts of Europe, specifically in Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Serbia, Slovakia, the Czech Republic and North Macedonia. The papers were then screened for relevance and utility. Nineteen papers were selected for review; most of them from Slovakia. Roma continue to have a higher prevalence of communicable diseases and are at higher risk of infection than the majority populations of the countries they live in. Roma children in particular have a particularly high prevalence of parasitic disease. However, these differences in disease prevalence are not present across all diseases and all populations. For example, when Roma are compared to non-Roma living in close proximity to them, these differences are often no longer significant.
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