Effect of feeding herbal preparations on milk yield and rumen parameters in lactating crossbred cows Bhatt, N. (G.B. Pant Univ. of Agriculture and Technology, Uttrakhand (India). Dept. of Animal Science); Singh, M. (G.B. Pant Univ. of Agriculture and Technology, Uttrakhand (India). Dept. of Animal Science); Ali, A. (Sultan Qaboos Univ., Al-Khoud (Sultanate of Oman). Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition)
International journal of agriculture and biology,
11/2009, Letnik:
11, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The study evaluated the effect of feeding two herbal preparations (Ruchamax & Payapro) on the milk yield and rumen parameters in lactating crossbred cows. Fifteen lactating cows in their 1st-6th ...lactation were taken for the experiment after 3 days of calving to their full lactation. The cows were randomly divided into three uniform groups of 5 cows in each. All the animals were fed standard seasonally available roughages and concentrates to meet their nutritional requirements. The animals in group-I were not given any supplement and acted as control. The animals in second and third group were given either Ruchamax @ 30 g per day or Payapro @ 4 tablets per day, respectively for 15 consecutive days in a month for 3 months, commencing 3 days after calving in addition to the usual feed/fodder and were termed as Ruchamax supplemented and Payapro supplemented animals. Significant (P less than 0.05) differences were observed in milk yield and rum
en parameters of cows fed herbal preparations as compared to control. The ammonia nitrogen was highest (22.38 mg 100 mL-1) in control animals, whereas total volatile fatty acids as well as bacterial and protozoal counts were highest in Ruchamax supplemented, moderate in Payapro supplemented and lowest in control animals, respectively. The use of herbal preparations increased the average milk production in cows, which was highest (11.8 L per day) in Ruchamax supplemented, moderate (9.3 L per day) in Payapro supplemented as compared to control animals (7.1 L per day). It is concluded that herbal preparations can increase milk yield in lactating dairy cows through improving their rumen environment.
An experiment was conducted with 180 weaned red deer stags to determine the effects of diets varying in the ratio of concentrate:dried pelleted roughage (concentrate:roughage ratio) on growth ...performance and carcass traits in venison production. The animals were raised outdoors in nine denuded deer parks. Sixty animals (20 per park) were assigned, according to a completely randomized design, to one of three experimental diets with the following roughage:concentrate ratios: 75:25, 50:50 and 25:75. Results of a 140-day performance study revealed that live weight gain (LWG) was positively and linearly (
P
<
0.01) related to the proportion of concentrate in the diet. Voluntary food intake decreased linearly (
P
<
0.01) as the proportion of concentrate increased. Results of rib dissection on animals slaughtered at a fixed body weight (125
kg) revealed a linear (
P
<
0.01) increase in carcass fatness as the proportion of concentrate increased; there were no effects on yield of lean meat or bone. Increasing the proportion of concentrate in the diet altered the fatty acid composition of carcass fat. This was characterized by a linear increase (
P
<
0.01) in C18:1 (monounsaturated fatty acid, MUFA) and a linear decrease (
P
<
0.01) in C18:3, with no effect (
P
>
0.05) on the content of C18:2 or the ratio of C18:2 to 18:3. When compared to the 75:25 ratio, the 50:50 roughage:concentrate diet resulted in a decrease in the content of conjugated linoleic (CLA) in carcass fat. A further increase in the proportion of concentrate caused an increase in carcass CLA, resulting in a significant (
P
<
0.01) quadratic response. This research indicates that a high level of grain feeding is an effective nutritional strategy to enhance growth performance of red deer. The negative impact of grain feeding on carcass fat was offset by desirable changes in the content of MUFA and CLA.
This study developed the cyclone conveying system using roughage cutter for the round bale reported in the previous papers. Performance tests were conducted whether it can easily separate dust from ...roughage such as rice straws and it can transport roughages from cutter to TMR mixer. In addition, the airflow patterns in the cyclone conveying system were investigated using CFD code (FLUENT 6.2) for various velocities of dust collection fan. The cyclone conveying system was designed based on dried rice straws with a diameter of 1,340 mm, a cylinder length of 1,220 mm, a cone length of 850 mm and the current velocity of the dust collection fan was 15~20 m/s. It was found that transporting of roughage from cutter to TMR mixer and the separation of dust were satisfactory, and the dust removal rate of rice straws was around 31.9%. CFD analysis showed that, at the blowing fan velocity of 11.6 m/s, the airflow velocity inside the dust collector increased as velocity of the dust collection fan increased, but the airflow patterns inside the dust collector were all much the same.
Avaliaram-se os teores de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT), cálcio (Ca), fósforo (P) e magnésio (Mg) na parte aérea do ...capim-tanzânia (Panicum maximum) adubado com nitrogênio e fósforo durante o período de verão/outono. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4 × 3, com quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 100, 200 e 300 kg/ha/ano) e três doses de pentóxido de difósforo (P2O5) (0, 50 e 100 kg/ha/ano), com três repetições. Foram realizados três cortes a 40 cm do solo, a cada 35 dias. Após cada corte, foi realizada adubação, aplicando-se o P2O5 de uma só vez no corte de uniformização e o nitrogênio parcelado em três vezes. As doses de nitrogênio não afetaram os teores de magnésio e reduziram os teores de matéria seca, cálcio e fósforo, enquanto a adubação fosfatada aumentou o teor de fósforo. A adubação teve efeito quadrático nos teores de PB, FDN e NDT, melhorando a qualidade da forragem conforme aumentaram as doses, principalmente de nitrogênio. Nas condições edafoclimáticas estudadas, recomenda-se que o capim-tanzânia seja adubado com 300 kg de N/ha e 100 kg de P2O5/ha.It was evaluated in this work the contents of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), total digestible nutrients (TDN), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) in the aerial section of the Tanzania grass (Panicum maximum), fertilized with nitrogen and phosphorus during the summer and autumn. The experimental design was complete randomized, with a 4 × 3 factorial scheme, and four N rates (0, 100, 200, and 300 kg/ha/year), and three pentoxide diphosphorus (P2O5) rates (0, 50, and 100 kg/ha/year), with three replicates. Three cuts were made at 40 cm of the soil, every 35 days. After each cut, the fertilization was accomplished, and P2O5 was applied only once on the uniformed cut and N was parceled in three times. Nitrogen rates did not affect contents of magnesium and they reduced contents of dry matter, calcium and phosphorus, while phosphate fertilization increased levels of phosphorus. Fertilization had a quadratic effect on the levels of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and total digestible nutrients providing a forage of better quality as doses increased, mainly nitrogen doses. In the studied edaphoclimathic conditions, it is recommend fertilization of Tanzania grass with 300 kg of N/ha and 100 kg of P2O5/ha.
Consumers are increasingly seeking foods that are rich in dietary fibre and wholegrains, but are often unwilling to compromise on sensory quality. Fibre- rich and wholegrain food reviews key research ...and best industry practice in the development of fibre-enriched and wholegrain products that efficiently meet customer requirements.Part one introduces the key issues surrounding the analysis, definition, regulation and health claims associated with dietary fibre and wholegrain foods. The links between wholegrain foods and health, the range of fibre dietary ingredients and a comparison of their technical functionality are discussed, as are consumption and consumer challenges of wholegrain foods. Part two goes on to explore dietary fibre sources, including wheat and non-wheat cereal dietary fibre ingredients, vegetable, fruit and potato fibres. Improving the quality of fibre-rich and wholegrain foods, including such cereal products as wholegrain bread, muffins, pasta and noodles, is the focus of part three. Fibre in extruded products is also investigated before part four reviews quality improvement of fibre-enriched dairy products, meat products, seafood, beverages and snack foods. Companion animal nutrition as affected by dietary fibre inclusion is discussed, before the book concludes with a consideration of soluble and insoluble fibre in infant nutrition.With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Fibre-rich and wholegrain foods provides a comprehensive guide to the field for researchers working in both the food industry and academia, as well as all those involved in the development, production and use of fibre-enriched and wholegrain foods. * Reviews key research and best industry practice in the development of fibre-enriched and wholegrain products * Considers analysis, definition, regulation and health claims associated with dietary fibre and wholegrain foods * Explores sources of dietary fibre including: wheat and non-wheat cereal, vegetable, fruit and potato fibres
Based on repeatedly reported extensive pantothenic acid disappearance in the rumen, the present study is aimed at examining if pantothenic acid is used for a more efficient ruminal fermentation and ...microbial growth in an artificial rumen (Rusitec). Three substrates differing in roughage/concentrate ratio were incubated with and without the addition of Ca-D-pantothenate. Pantothenic acid was extensively degraded without notably influencing fermentation, microbial protein synthesis and the status of other B-vitamins such as riboflavin, vitamin B₆ and niacin. Therefore, pantothenic acid supplementation cannot be expected to contribute to microbial benefit for the ruminant animal.
BACKGROUND: In organic farming, roughage has to be added to pigs' daily rations for animal welfare reasons. Since little is known about how roughage affects pigs, seven carbohydrate-rich feedstuffs ...(corn silage, ryegrass, turnip leaf, turnip tuber, Jerusalem artichoke and two types of clover-ryegrass silage) were tested using two different in vitro methods--total tract digestibility and the gas production technique--to determine apparent digestibility by observing organic matter loss. The aim was to determine whether the results of different methods and treatments lead to similar results or rankings.RESULTS: The in vitro enzymatic incubation method showed 3-20% lower fermentabilities than the in vitro fermentation process. The pretreatment of substrates with enzymes before fermentation led to similar fermentabilities but different gas production kinetics compared to the fermentation of untreated substrates. Using two different inocula generated no significant differences. When the feedstuffs were ranked by their fermentability, the rank order was relatively similar for both methods.CONCLUSIONS: Different methods and pretreatments lead to different fermentabilities while a ranking of the results gives a similar order. Both methods seem to be appropriate tools for assessing feedstuffs. In order to determine which feedstuff is best utilised by the animal, further investigations of both digestibility and gas production kinetics are required.
Objetivou-se determinar o consumo e as digestibilidades aparente total, ruminal e intestinal de matéria seca (MS) e seus componentes: matéria orgânica (MO), proteína bruta (PB), extrato etéreo (EE), ...fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e carboidratos não-fibrosos (CNF) do capim-elefante em diferentes idades de rebrotação e quantificar a produção de proteína microbiana. Utilizaram-se quatro novilhos mestiços, fistulados no rúmen e abomaso, alimentados à vontade com capim-elefante e sal mineral. O experimento foi avaliado considerando-se o grupo de animais como uma amostra aleatória simples, sendo os períodos de avaliação correspondentes às idades crescentes de rebrotação (33, 48, 63, 78 e 93 dias) e cada animal como medidas repetidas. Os consumos de matéria seca (MS), nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT) e as digestibilidades totais dos demais nutrientes diminuíram linearmente com o aumento da idade de rebrotação. Os teores de MO, CNF e FDN apresentaram máximos consumos aos 44,43; 51,05 e 60,50 dias de rebrotação, respectivamente. O mínimo consumo de PB ocorreu aos 94,27 dias de rebrotação do capim. As digestibilidades ruminais da MS e MO aumentaram linearmente com o avanço da idade. Os compostos nitrogenados microbianos sofreram redução linear com o aumento da idade do capim-elefante. Recomenda-se usar o capim-elefante com idade entre 30 e 35 dias de rebrotação, quando se observou maior valor nutritivo da planta.The objective of this trial was to determine the intake and the total, ruminal and intestinal apparent digestibilidade of dry matter (DM) and its components: organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), in neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and no-fiber carbohydrates (NFC) of the elephantgrass in different regrowth ages and to quantify the microbial protein production. Four crossbred steers fitted with ruminal and abomasal cannula were fullfed with elephantgrass and mineral salt. The experiment was evaluated considering the group of animals as simple random sample, being the corresponding periods of evaluation to the increasing regrowth ages (33, 48, 63, 78 and 93 days) and each animal as repeated measures. Intakes of dry matter (DMI) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) and total digestibilities of the others nutrients linearly decreased as days of regrowth ages increased. The content of OM, NFC and NDF presented maximum intake at 44.43, 51.05, and 60.50 days of regrowth ages, respectively. The minimum CP intake was at 94.27 days of regrowth ages. The ruminal digestibilities of DM and OM linearly increased as days of regrowth ages increased. Microbial protein yield linearly reduced as days of regrowth age increased. The microbial nitrogenous compounds also showed a linear reduction with the increase of the days of regrowth ages of elephantgrass. It is recommended to use elephantgrass between 30 and 35 days of regrowth ages, when it observed greater nutritional value of the plant.
The purpose of this study is to compare feeding and other behavior and nutrient digestibility of tropical grade Brahman (body weight (BW) = 231 kg ± 12.4; n = 3) and crossbred water buffalo (BW = 300 ...kg ± 13.9; n = 3). This experiment on digestibility and measures of muscles of mastication utilized one-way, and animal behavior two-way, analysis of variance, respectively. Two video camcorders were installed in each pair of buffalo and Brahman for 24 h period programmed on the 107th, 109th and 111th days of the digestion trials. Frequency and duration of feeding, meal intake, rumination, bolus, chews, drinking, defecating, standing and lying were recorded daily. Muscle diameter of Digastricus, Masseter and Pterygoid and different regions of the tongue were sampled and measured under light microscope using a standard micrometer. Buffalo obtained significantly higher intake of dry matter, roughage, crude protein, total digestible nutrient and metabolized energy than Brahman. This was supported by longer meal duration (P less-than or equal to 0.05), and shorter meal breaks (P less-than or equal to 0.05) of buffalo than Brahman. The diameter of the muscles for mastication was bigger (P less-than or equal to 0.05) in buffalo than in Brahman, which is indicative of stronger chewing ability. Briefly, lesser and slower chewing action; higher intake of roughage and crude protein; and longer resting behavior of crossbred water buffalo than Brahman are all indicative of better digestive and metabolic performance of the buffalo under high roughage feeding conditions.
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