Plant heat stress factors are abiotic stress-responsive regulators. In model or non-model plants, heat stress factors could be divided into different subgroups based on their amino acids through ...comprehensive bioinformatic analysis. In this study, two cold-inducible
HbHsfA1
and
HbHsfB1
genes in cold-resistant rubber tree clone ‘93-114’ were identified. Both genes were highly expressed in leaves and stems. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that HbHsfA1 and HbHsfB1 belong to class A and class B Hsf families. MEME analysis showed that different motifs were distributed in the HbHsfA1 and HbHsfB1 proteins. Both HbHsfA1 and HbHsfB1 were located in the nucleus, but only HbHsfA1 exhibited strong transcriptional activation activity in yeasts. Relatively higher expression levels in cold-tolerant rubber tree clone ‘93-114’ than that of cold-sensitive clone ‘Reken501’ were correlated with their roles in cold stress tolerance. The enhanced tolerance observed in eukaryotic yeasts, respectively overexpressed
HbHsfA1
and
HbHsfB1
, suggested that these two Hsf transcription factors may be candidates for genetic engineering to improve cold stress tolerance of rubber trees.
Trade shows are considered an important marketing channel for companies since they provide manufacturers and purchasers with a vital commercial platform. Traditionally, plastics and rubber industry ...trade shows have been ineffective due to poor booth planning. Nevertheless, few studies have examined trade show booth design and planning. Actually, most companies lack distinct goals, and their decisions regarding trade show participation may influence decisions regarding which products should be demonstrated, size of trade booth, and level of advertising. Such a decision-making is a problem involving multi-criteria decisions, and requires a logical and objective operating procedure. This work thus devises an objective procedure for trade show. This investigation focuses on booth design for plastics and rubber industry trade shows and comprises three parts: (1) selecting appropriate assessment criteria for trade show design using the Delphi method and Kansei engineering. (2) Establishing suitable booth design principles and procedures for plastics and rubber industry trade show using fuzzy product positioning. (3) Further employing the proposed method to design trade show booths and verify their performance. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method.
This study was conducted to support machinery vendors as a systematic design flow chart and related criteria to provide an objective approach to trade show booth planning.
Whether it be foamed aluminium in the A-pillar of a passenger car, Ytong autoclaved aerated concrete, Elastolit PU rigid foam or Semperform EPDM window profile – whatever the class of materials, ...there will inevitably be foamed versions. Some of these are new while others have been established for decades, and they are used in a wide range of industrial and consumer-oriented applications. Defined foam structures have therefore become an essential tool in modern materials development. This article outlines the technical aspects of chemical blowing agents and the special mechanisms by which they act, which lead to the targeted production of different elastomeric foams. In addition, it reports on the status of the current REACH discussion concerning the blowing agent azodicarbonamide.
Ethylene stimulation with ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) is nowadays essential for increasing latex production in the rubber tree (
Hevea brasiliensis): both small-scale planters and ...agro-industrial plantations worldwide use ethephon. Ethylene stimulation strongly influences cumulative yield and latex cell biochemistry. The purpose of this study was to characterize the long-term behaviour of the rubber tree under ethephon treatment. Over a period of 7 years in Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa, the effect of eight frequencies of ethylene stimulation on yield and latex cell biochemistry was compared in four rubber trees clones, IRCA 130, IRCA 230, GT 1, and PB 217. The ability of the trees to produce more latex under ethylene stimulation was related to the sucrose and inorganic phosphorus contents of the latex cells. For high-yield clones with low sugar content and high inorganic phosphorus content like IRCA 130, namely quick starter clones, no stimulation was necessary to improve yield. For clones like IRCA 230, with higher sugar content, eight ethylene stimulations per year was the optimum frequency to obtain the highest yield. The effect of ethylene stimulation on latex yield increase was significant in clones with high sucrose content and low inorganic phosphorus content such as PB 217. These clones, namely slow starter clones, needed more stimulation to produce more, but in the longer run there were no negative effects of ethylene on the latex yield. These results will help planters optimize latex production by choosing the most appropriate ethylene stimulation to clones according to their latex cells biochemistry.
According to the monograph "Sabu Dangi (Discourse on Rubber Substitutes)" 3, sulphurized linseed oil and sulphurized balsam had been produced for medicinal purposes by medieval alchemists; and it ...seems elastic analogues of rubber were already present in Europe in the 1730s at the time the first South American rubber trees arrived 4. Enhanced compound flow with faster rates of extrusion or injection moulding. - Because the factice is a solid, a large amount can be added to produce a soft rubber product. -
Abstract
Industrial wastewater is one of the types of waste that can pollute the water environment. Almost the entire industry has one wastewater effluent owned rubber industry. Many of the rubber ...industry is less concerned about the quality of water and dispose of waste directly into the environment. Whereas in the rubber industry wastewater content, there are many pollutants that can harm the environment, especially the marine environment, such contaminants as metals, organic substances, and inorganic substances. For that, we need a method that can be used in treating wastewater of this rubber industry that is by electrocoagulation method. Electrocoagulation is a method of coagulation by using electric current through electrochemical events. Rubber wastewater treatment by electrocoagulation method is done by varying the voltage and process time, that is with variations of 12V, 15V, and 18V and with variation of process time 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 120 minutes and 150 minutes to find out pH values, Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD
5
)
, and Ammonia levels. From the research results obtained, optimum conditions are at a voltage of 18 volts with a processing time of 150 minutes. The effectiveness electrocoagulation of rubber wastewater was for TSS 85.39%, COD 56.14%, BOD
5
57.18%, and NH
3
73.5%, respectively. These results have fulfilled the environmental standards of rubber wastewater.
Including food production in non-food systems, such as rubber plantations and biofuel or bioenergy crops, may contribute to household food security. We evaluated the potential for planting rice, ...mungbean, rice cultivar mixtures, and rice intercropped with mungbean in young rubber plantations in experiments in the Arakan Valley of Mindanao in the Philippines. Rice mixtures consisted of two- or three-row strips of cultivar Dinorado, a cultivar with higher value but lower yield, and high-yielding cultivar UPL Ri-5. Rice and mungbean intercropping treatments consisted of different combinations of two- or three-row strips of rice and mungbean. We used generalized linear mixed models to evaluate the yield of each crop alone and in the mixture or intercropping treatments. We also evaluated a land equivalent ratio for yield, along with weed biomass (where
was particularly abundant), the severity of disease caused by
and
, and rice bug (
) abundance. We analyzed the yield ranking of each cropping system across site-year combinations to determine mean relative performance and yield stability. When weighted by their relative economic value, UPL Ri-5 had the highest mean performance, but with decreasing performance in low-yielding environments. A rice and mungbean intercropping system had the second highest performance, tied with high-value Dinorado but without decreasing relative performance in low-yielding environments. Rice and mungbean intercropped with rubber have been adopted by farmers in the Arakan Valley.
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