Improvements in the design of receptors for the detection and quantification of anions are desirable and ongoing in the field of anion chemistry, and remarkable progress has been made in this ...direction. In this regard, the development of luminescent chemosensors for sensing anions is an imperative and demanding sub-area in supramolecular chemistry. This decade, in particular, witnessed advancements in chemosensors based on ruthenium and iridium complexes for anion sensing by virtue of their modular synthesis and rich chemical and photophysical properties, such as visible excitation wavelength, high quantum efficiency, high luminescence intensity, long lifetimes of phosphorescence, and large Stokes shifts, etc. Thus, this review aims to summarize the recent advances in the development of ruthenium(II) and iridium(III)-based complexes for their application as luminescent chemosensors for anion sensing. In addition, the focus was devoted to designing aspects of polypyridyl complexes of these two transition metals with different recognition motifs, which upon interacting with different inorganic anions, produces desirable quantifiable outputs.
Low molecular weight and high molecular weight metal ion binders present in blood plasma are shortly described. The binding of vanadium and ruthenium complexes by these components has received much ...attention, namely their interactions with human serum albumin and transferrin, and these studies are critically reviewed. The influence of the protein binding on the bioavailability of the prospective drugs, namely on the transport by blood plasma and uptake by cells is also discussed. It is concluded that vanadium compounds are mainly transported in blood by transferrin, but that no study has properly addressed the influence of albumin and transferrin in the vanadium uptake by cells. Ruthenium complexes bind strongly to HSA, most likely at the level of His residues, leading to the formation of stable adducts. If the kinetics of binding to this protein is fast enough, probably they are mainly transported by this serum protein. Nevertheless, at least for a few Ru(III)-complexes, hTf seems to play an active role in the uptake of ruthenium, while HSA may provide selectivity and higher activity for the compounds due to an enhanced permeability effect.
The unique thermodynamic and kinetic coordination chemistry of ruthenium allows it to modulate key adverse aggregation and membrane interactions of α‐synuclein (α‐syn) associated with Parkinson's ...disease. We show that the low‐toxic RuIII complex trans‐ImHRuCl4(Me2SO)(Im) (NAMI‐A) has dual inhibitory effects on both aggregation and membrane interactions of α‐syn with submicromolar affinity, and disassembles pre‐formed fibrils. NAMI‐A abolishes the cytotoxicity of α‐syn towards neuronal cells and mitigates neurodegeneration and motor impairments in a rat model of Parkinson's. Multinuclear NMR and MS analyses show that NAMI‐A binds to residues involved in protein aggregation and membrane binding. NMR studies reveal the key steps in pro‐drug activation and the effect of activated NAMI‐A species on protein folding. Our findings provide a new basis for designing ruthenium complexes which could mitigate α‐syn‐induced Parkinson's pathology differently from organic agents.
The RuIII complex NAMI‐A is activated by hydrolysis and then reacts with specific amino acids in the abundant brain protein α‐synuclein, preventing and disassembling α‐synuclein fibrils, abolishing toxicity toward neuronal cells, and mitigating neurodegeneration and motor impairments in a model of Parkinson's. Since NAMI‐A has a pharmaceutically‐acceptable profile, it has potential for use in treatment of neurodegenerative conditions.
The title compound Ba.sub.3RuTi.sub.2O.sub.9 crystallizes with a hexagonal unit cell. It contains layers of edge shared triangular network of Ru.sup.4+(S = 1) ions. Magnetic susceptibility χ(T) and ...heat capacity data show no long range magnetic ordering down to 1.8 K. A Curie-Weiss (CW) fitting of χ(T) yields a large antiferromagnetic CW temperature θ.sub.CW = -166 K. However, in low field, a splitting of zero field cooled (ZFC) and field cooled (FC) χ(T) is observed below ~30 K. Our measurements suggest that Ba.sub.3RuTi.sub.2O.sub.9 is a highly frustrated system but only a small fraction of the spins in this system undergoes a transition to a frozen magnetic state below ~30 K.
The current study reports the synthesis of multi-site ionic liquids immobilized on DFNS (DFNS-IL) in an aqueous medium. Hence, the ruthenium nanoparticles (NPs) are well-dispersed over the DFNS-IL ...(DFNS-IL@Ru). Its catalytic function for hydroformylation of alkenes using CO.sub.2/H.sub.2 as a syngas surrogate is described here under mild conditions. Resultants with good to excellent performance were created employing DFNS-IL@Ru nanocatalyst. The structure of the catalyst was specified by a variety of techniques, including FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TGA, AFM, XPS, TEM, and EDX. The stability of the catalytic system was enhanced after releasing a large quantity of DFNS. The recycling state of the catalyst and the procedure of the coupling reactions were repeatedly investigated.
The discovery of the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in several physiological and pathophysiological processes launched a spectacular increase in studies in areas such as chemistry, biochemistry, ...and pharmacology. As a consequence, the development of NO donors or scavengers for regulation of its concentration and bioavailability in vivo is required. In this sense, ruthenium nitrosyl ammines and aliphatic tetraazamacrocyles have attracted a lot of attention due to their unique chemical properties. These complexes are water soluble and stable in solution, not to mention that they can deliver NO when photochemically or chemically activated by the reduction of the coordinated nitrosonium (NO+). The tuning of the energies of the charge transfer bands, the redox potential, and the specific rate constants of NO liberation, in both solution and matrices, is desirable for the achievement of selective NO delivery to biological targets, hence making the ruthenium ammines and aliphatic tetraazamacrocyles a quite versatile platform for biological application purposes. These ruthenium nitrosyls have shown to be active in firing neurons in mouse hippocampus, performing redox reactions in mitochondria, acting in blood pressure control, exhibiting cytotoxic activities against trypanosomatids (T.cruzi and L.major) and tumor cells. This tailoring approach is explored here, being heavily supported by the accumulated knowledge on the chemistry and photochemistry of ruthenium complexes, which allows NO donors/scavengers systems to be custom made designed.
Ein Multiomics‐Ansatz , der Proteomik, Transkriptomik und Bildgebung umfasst, wurde angewendet, um die Wirkungsweise des Antikrebs‐Ruthenium(III)‐Wirkstoffkandidaten BOLD‐100 umfassend zu ...untersuchen. In ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 5121 identifizieren Samuel M. Meier‐Menches, Christopher Gerner et al. die ribosomalen Proteine RPL10, RPL24 und den Transkriptionsfaktor GTF2I als wahrscheinliche Zielproteine. Sie stehen in funktionellem Zusammenhang mit dem Stress im endoplasmatischen Retikulum, einem der wichtigsten medikamentösen Effekte von BOLD‐100.
Summary
Background
This phase I/II study determined the maximal tolerable dose, dose limiting toxicities, antitumor activity, the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ruthenium compound NAMI-A in ...combination with gemcitabine in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer patients after first line treatment.
Methods
Initial dose escalation of NAMI-A was performed in a 28 day cycle: NAMI-A as a 3 h infusion through a port-a-cath at a starting dose of 300 mg/m
2
at day 1, 8 and 15, in combination with gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m
2
at days 2, 9 and 16. Subsequently, dose escalation of NAMI-A in a 21 day schedule was explored. At the maximal tolerable dose level of this schedule an expansion group was enrolled of which 15 patients were evaluable for response.
Results
Due to frequent neutropenic dose interruptions in the third week, the 28 day schedule was amended into a 21 day schedule. The maximal tolerable dose was 300 and 450 mg/m
2
of NAMI-A (21 day schedule). Main adverse events consisted of neutropenia, anemia, elevated liver enzymes, transient creatinine elevation, nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, fatigue, and renal toxicity.
Conclusion
NAMI-A administered in combination with gemcitabine is only moderately tolerated and less active in NSCLC patients after first line treatment than gemcitabine alone.
Metallodrugs offer potential for unique mechanism of drug action based on the choice of the metal, its oxidation state, the types and number of coordinated ligands and the coordination geometry. This ...review illustrates notable recent progress in the field of medicinal bioinorganic chemistry as many new approaches to the design of innovative metal-based anticancer drugs are emerging. Current research addressing the problems associated with platinum drugs has focused on other metal-based therapeutics that have different modes of action and on prodrug and targeting strategies in an effort to diminish the side-effects of cisplatin chemotherapy. Examples of metal compounds and chelating agents currently in clinical use, clinical trials or preclinical development are highlighted.
This review gives an overview of the relevant medicinal chemistry of platinum, palladium, gold and ruthenium complexes, which could be used for anticancer or biomedical applications. Display omitted
•Pt complexes that intercalate with DNA typically exhibit anticancer activity.•Pd complexes showed good binding affinity to DNA and proteins.•The thiol–enzymes are considered key molecular targets of anticancer Au complexes.•Ru complexes has been considered to be an attractive alternative to Pt complexes.
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