Although cell-free protein synthesis has been practiced for decades as a research tool, only recently have advances suggested its feasibility for commercial protein production. This focused review, ...based on the 2005 Amgen Award lecture, summarizes the relevant progress from the Swartz laboratory. When our program began, projected costs were much too high, proteins with disulfide bonds could not be folded effectively, and no economical scale-up technologies were available. By focusing on basic biochemical reactions and by controlling cell-free metabolism, these limitations have been methodically addressed. Amino acid supply has been stabilized and central metabolism activated to dramatically reduce substrate costs. Control of the sulfhydral redox potential has been gained and a robust disulfide isomerase added to facilitate oxidative protein folding. Finally, simple scale-up technologies have been developed. These advances not only suggest production feasibility for pharmaceutical proteins, they also provide enabling technology for producing patient-specific vaccines, for evolving new enzymes to enable biological hydrogen production from sunlight, and for developing new and highly effective water filters. Although many challenges remain, this newly expanded ability to activate and control protein production holds much promise for both research and commercial applications.
Bioaugmented compost was created by inoculating petroleum-degrading bacteria into mature compost. The petroleum hydrocarbon degradation efficiencies were investigated by applying this enhanced ...compost to petroleum-contaminated soil under low temperatures. The results showed that the degrading bacteria can be enriched in the mature compost. After 30 d of remediation, the removal efficiency of TPH, alkanes, and PAHs in the soil was 27.0%, 19.6%, and 10.0%, compared to natural attenuation (CK), which was 4.5%, 9.5%, and 2.3%, respectively. In response to remediation, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria phyla decreased from 53.4% and 25.9% to 48.9% and 14.1%, respectively, and Bacteroidetes phylum increased from 5.0% to 24.5%. At the genus level, the relative abundance of
and
increased from 0.02% and 3.4% to 15.2% and 4.6%, respectively. The results indicated that the bioaugmented compost may efficiently facilitate and speed up the bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil under low-te
This research was aimed at establishing the pilot-scale purification technology of lipopeptide from marine-derived Bacillus marinus. We studied lipopeptide surfactivity interferences on scale-up unit ...technologies including acid precipitation, methanol extraction, solvent precipitation, salting out, extraction, silica gel column chromatography and HZ806 macroporous absorption resin column chromatography. Then, the unit technologies were combined in a certain order, to remove the impurities gradually, and to gain purified lipopeptide finally, with high recovery rate throughout the whole process. The novel pilot-scale purification technology could effectively isolate and purify lipopeptide with 87.51% to 100% purity in hectograms from 1 ton of Bacillus marinus B-9987 fermentation broth with more than 81.73% recovery rate. The first practical hectogram production of highly purified lipopeptide derived from Bacillus marinus was achieved. With this new purification method, using complex media became possible in fer
Eine wettbewerbsfähige Herstellung chemischer Produkte erfordert größere Anlagen mit höheren Raum‐Zeit‐Ausbeuten, wofür häufig keine Erfahrungen zur Prozess‐ und Anlagentechnik vorliegen. Ein ...wirtschaftlicher Betrieb ist nur möglich, wenn mit einem stabilen Verfahren und einer robusten Ausrüstung Ausfälle und ungeplante Stillstände vermieden werden und hohe Betriebssicherheit die Anforderungen des Gesundheits‐ und Umweltschutzes gewährleistet. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt am Beispiel von Rührwerksanlagen, wie diese Ziele über eine ganzheitliche Betrachtung zusammengefasst und umgesetzt werden können.
The competitive production of chemicals requires bigger facilities with higher space‐time yields, for which there is often no experience in terms of process and equipment design available. An economic operation is only possible if stable processes and robust equipment prevent failures, and if high safety standards warrant health and environmental protection. The present study uses mixing systems to show how these aims can be combined and implemented.
Wirtschaftliche Produktionsverfahren erfordern stabile Prozesse und Anlagenkomponenten, die dem Dauerbetrieb gewachsen sind und die Sicherheit von Mensch und Umwelt gewährleisten. Der Beitrag zeigt am Beispiel von Rührwerksanlagen, wie mit modernen Werkszeugen diese Forderungen insbesondere unter erhöhtem Wettbewerbsdruck umgesetzt werden können.
En el presente trabajo se analiza mediante simulaciones en CFD (Dinámica de Fluidos Computacional) el comportamiento de la hidrodinámica líquido-gaseosa en el escalado de un biorreactor, aplicando ...criterios empíricos comúnmente utilizados en procesos biotecnológicos (Número de Reynolds Re y Potencia por unidad de volumen P/V) en reactores de tanque agitado de 0,050 y 0,500 m³. Los efectos de la turbulencia, flujo rotativo, ruptura y coalescencia de burbujas son simulados mediante los modelos k-ε, MRF (Multiple Reference Frame) y PBM (Population Balance Model). El criterio de escalado P/V presenta mejores similitudes hidrodinámicas que el criterio de escalado Re respecto del reactor de 0,050 m³; sin embargo, el alto consumo de potencia y el posible daño microbiano generado por la turbulencia en cultivos de células animales pueden ser desventajas en prototipos a gran escala.
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