Objective: The aim of this study was to identify predictors of weight regain and continued weight maintenance among individuals already successful at long-term weight loss in a widely available ...weight-management program. Methods: Participants were 2843 weight-loss maintainers in WeightWatchers who had maintained weight loss ≥9.1 kg for ≥1 year (average 25.5 kg for 3.5 years; BMI = 26.7 kg/m2 ). Validated behavioral, psychosocial, and home environmental questionnaires were administered at study entry and 1 year later. Discriminant analysis identified variables that discriminated gainers (≥2.3-kg gain) from maintainers (±2.3-kg change). Results: Over the 1 year of follow-up, 43% were gainers (mean SD, 7.2 5.4 kg), and 57% were maintainers (0.4 1.2 kg). Compared with maintainers, gainers were younger and had higher initial weight, more recent weight losses, and larger initial weight losses. Standardized canonical coefficients indicated that the 1-year changes that most discriminated gainers from maintainers were greater decreases in the ability to accept uncomfortable food cravings, urges, and desires to overeat (0.232); self-monitoring (0.166); body image (0.363); and body satisfaction (0.194) and greater increases in disinhibition (0.309) and bodily pain (0.147). The canonical correlation was 0.505 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Future interventions to prevent regain should consider targeting overeating in response to internal and external food cues and declines in self-monitoring and body image.
IntroductionAttachment theory, first proposed by John Bowlby and later extended by Mary Ainsworth and others, outlines how experiences of early childhood attachment with caregivers can affect one’s ...emotional and interpersonal relationships throughout adulthood. Typically, attachment styles are categorised into four main types: secure, anxious-ambivalent, avoidant and disorganised. Conversely, it is recognised that various biological, psychological, relational, social and iatrogenic factors elements can impact an individual’s sexual function.ObjectivesOur aim with this research was to present the most current literature on whether there is a correlation between attachment styles and sexual function.MethodsWe conducted a non-systematic review on the topic using PubMed and PsycInfo.ResultsThere is evidence indicating a link between attachment styles and sexual function.People with secure attachment styles tend to experience more positive and fulfilling sexual relationships. Such individuals typically have a more positive self-image, they feel at ease with emotional intimacy, and are therefore able to openly communicate their needs and desires. They exhibit a healthy balance between seeking closeness and maintaining independence.Individuals with anxious attachment styles may experience heightened levels of sexual anxiety and insecurity. Concerns regarding rejection or abandonment within sexual relationships may impact their sexual function and satisfaction. These individuals usually have a negative self-image and may be more prone to seek reassurance and validation through sexual activities.People with avoidant attachment styles may encounter obstacles in developing emotional intimacy and closeness, which can negatively affect their sexual relationships. Such individuals might experience commitment anxiety and prioritise physical aspects of sexual activity over emotional bonding, ultimately decreasing sexual satisfaction for both them and their partners.Disorganised attachment styles are linked with challenges in regulating their emotions and behaviours in intimate situations, which can have a negative impact on sexual function and satisfaction.ConclusionsWhile the literature proposes attachment styles may impact sexual function, it is important to acknowledge other factors that contribute to sexual function. In addition to biological and iatrogenic factors, individual personality, relationship dynamics, past experiences, and cultural influences all have a significant role in shaping one’s sexual behaviour and satisfaction. All of these should be addressed in order to alleviate sexual difficulties.Moreover, attachment styles may develop and change over time through positive relationships and therapeutic interventions, potentially leading to changes in one’s sexual functioning and relationship dynamics.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
IntroductionObligate autoscopic mirror hallucinations of senescence have not heretofore been described.ObjectivesTo reveal that perception of looking older in the mirror may be the manifestation of ...Mirror Autoprosopometamorphopsia.MethodsA 37 year old right handed female, with schizoaffective disorder, bipolar subtype She described that when she would gaze at herself in the mirror, she would not see her current face, but rather the visage of an “old person”. This would recur whenever she would directly look at herself in the mirror, and would avoid glancing at any mirrors because she was fearful of looking at her transform senescent countenance. She realised it was not another person but rather herself in the future, having become her geriartric self.ResultsAbnormalities in Physical Examination: Mental Status Examination: Hyperverbal, grandiose with expansive affect, poor insight and judgment. Recalls 3 out of 4 objects in 3 minutes and all 4 with reinforcement. Proverb testing: correct abstraction. Neuropsychiatric Testing: The Patient Health Questionnaire 9:7 (mild depression). Other: Magnetic Resonance Imaging/ Magnetic Resonance Angiography of Brain with Infusion: Normal.ConclusionsAutoscopic mirror hallucinations appearing only when embedded in a mirror are obligate autoscopic mirror hallucinations and suggest occipital and parietal lobe dysfunction (Virk, 2018). The inability to recognize the perception of another image or another person replacing the individual looking in the mirror, while defined as a mirror sign, may also be viewed as “a capgras syndrome for the mirror image” (Feinberg, 2005). Distortion of one’s own face only when viewed in a mirror is autoprosopometamorphopsia. With such distortion, this may be a misidentification of one’s own image. This phenomenon is classified as a form of delusional misidentification syndrome with inability to recognise one’s image in the mirror (Postal, 2005). Autoprosopometamorphopsia, obligate to mirror reflection, but metamorphosized to enhance perceived senescence, has not been specifically localized. Possibly a single lesion in the non dominant inferior parietal lobe may have caused this phenomenon. Somatoparaphrenia with somatosensory illusions involving body image are seen with parietal lobe dysfunction (Nightingale, 1982). In the general population, an individual’s focus on a mild facial imperfection often is associated with a negative view of their image. Exaggeration of this to involve the entire face, with projection of imperfection of aging, may be a somatic manifestation of such negative self image. It is possible that such senescent autoprospometamorphopsia may be prevalent, to a lesser degree, in the general population and may be a nidus for younger people seeking cosmetic and plastic surgical intervention of the face.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
An accountability account HALL, ANGELA T.; FRINK, DWIGHT D.; BUCKLEY, M. RONALD
Journal of organizational behavior,
February 2017, Letnik:
38, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Accountability is a fundamental element of all societies and the organizations that operate within them. This paper focuses on the individual-level accountability concept of felt accountability (also ...referred to in the literature as simply accountability), which can be described as the perceptions of one’s personal accountability. We describe key theories that have formed the theoretical groundwork for the body of felt accountability literature, and discuss the empirical research published since the last major review of the accountability literature in the late 1990s. Empirical research has revealed that accountability has both constructive and deleterious consequences. Moreover, research examining accountability and key outcomes has produced mixed results, suggesting that consideration of moderators and nonlinear relationships are important when examining accountability. Although accountability is an important construct, there are many issues that have yet to be investigated by scholars. We identify limitations and gaps in the current body of the empirical research and conclude the paper with suggestions for scholars striving to make contributions to this line of research.
Background: The importance of self-image has been well studied in the adolescent idiopathic scoliosis population, but it has been considered less important in adult spinal deformity (ASD). More ...recently, evidence suggests that self-image is an important consideration in ASD and that radiographic parameters such as Cobb angle, sagittal vertical alignment (SVA) and lumbopelvic alignment correlate to self-image scores. The goal of this study is to analyze the importance of self-image in ASD surgery and whether certain radiographic parameters influence outcome. Methods: We conducted a prospective, multicentre, multicontinental, observational longitudinal cohort study of patients 60 years of age and older undergoing primary spinal fusion surgery of at least 5 levels for coronal, sagittal or combined deformity. Data from the Scoliosis Research Society questionnaire-22 revised (SRS-22r) were collected prospectively at 10 weeks, 1 year and 2 years postoperatively. Three-foot anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were taken preoperatively and at 10 weeks and 2 years postoperatively. Results: A total of 219 patients met the inclusion criteria, with 214 completing SRS-22r preoperatively and 179 patients completing 2-year follow-up. Self-image had the lowest mean baseline SRS22r score of 2.32 (standard deviation SD 0.8), which improved to 3.47 (SD 0.9) at 10 weeks, 3.66 (SD 0.7) at 1 year and 3.61 (SD 0.8) at 2 years. Preoperatively, 69.6% of patients felt very unhappy with their current back shape. Conversely, at 2 years, 59.3% of patients were either somewhat or very happy with the shape of their back. By Schwab type, 73 (40.1%) were N, 81 (44.5%) L and 28 (15.4%) D. The self-image scores of all groups improved from baseline to 24 months: N, 2.15 (SD 0.68) to 3.53 (SD 0.78); L, 2.32 (SD 0.81) to 3.62 (SD0.84); D, 2.28 (SD 0.74) to 3.89 (SD 0.70). Radiographic changes from baseline to 2 years were as follows: thoracolumbar Cobb 24.9° (95% confidence interval CI 1.7° to 102.5°) to 10.7° (95% CI 0.1° to 59.7°), SVA 81.8 (95% CI -76.3 to 327.2) to 37.3 (95% CI -108.1 to 334.1) mm, pelvic tilt 28.7° (95% CI 8.0° to 56.6°) to 21.1° (95% CI -0.2° to 51.5°). Univariate and multivariate linear mixed effect models identified SVA as the strongest radiographic predictor of self-image. Conclusion: This study clearly demonstrates the importance of self-image in ASD surgery and SVA as the strongest radiographic predictor of outcome.
Purpose
This study aims to examine the moderated mediation model among self-image congruity, self-brand connection, self-motivation and brand preference and validate that actual and ideal self-image ...congruity are two distinct constructs. As shown in the conceptual model, actual and ideal self-image congruity toward a brand have direct and indirect positive effects on brand preference through self-brand connection, whereas self-motivation moderates the effect of self-image congruity on self-brand connection.
Design/methodology/approach
Data collection was done through mall intercepts in six shopping malls in Guangzhou, Zhuhai and Huizhou in southern China. In total, 461 usable questionnaires were collected with 500 distributed copies. Confirmatory factor analysis using Mplus (v.7) was done to assess the measurement validity for each construct. PROCESS analysis for SPSS (v.19.0.0) was used for hypothesis testing.
Findings
Both actual and ideal self-image congruities present significant positive effects on brand preference through self-brand connection. The relationship between self-image congruity and the self-brand connection is also moderated by self-motivation.
Originality/value
This study fills an existing literature gap by distinguishing self-image and ideal self-image congruity as distinct constructs. Self-brand connection is posited as a new way to understand the mechanism of the self-image congruity effect on brand preference. Samples from several shopping malls in southern China are used to justify the important moderating role of self-motivation in consumers’ brand preferences.
L’auteur aborde les axes cliniques repérés lorsque le patient atteint d’une maladie chronique et somatique porte (en permanence) un appareillage technologique : 1) modification plastique du schéma ...corporel ; 2) fantasmes d’intégration ; 3) perturbation de l’image du corps, et son rétablissement paradoxal avec la technologie ; 4) effraction des enveloppes psychiques ; 5) problématique de l’appartenance à son propre corps ; 6) enfin, utilisation de la technologie comme prothèse psychique.
The author addresses the clinical axes identified when the patient with a chronic and somatic disease wears (permanently) technological equipment: 1) plastic modification of the body image; 2) integration fantasies; 3) disturbance of the body image, and its paradoxical recovery with technology; 4) break-in of psychic envelopes; 5) the problem of belonging to one’s own body; and 6) finally, use of technology as a psychic prosthesis.
IntroductionChildren with cancer face many difficulties on a daily basis which place them at increased risk of developing anxiety and discomfort.ObjectivesTo assess the intensity of state-trait ...anxiety in children with cancer.MethodsThe sample of the study consisted of 100 children from Greek Children’s Hospital, aged 8-16 years, of which 56 had cancer, representing the study group while the control-group was 44 in an outpatient clinic with endocrinological problems. Data were collected by the completion of the questionnaire “State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for children” by Ch. Spielberger. Statistical package S.P.S.S. was used for statistical analysis. 22 and the statistical test, t-test and anova. The significance level was set at p <0.05.ResultsOf the total sample, sarcoma 38%, brain Ca 14%, 48% endocrine problem, and the largest percentage (57%) were aged 8-10 years. Children with cancer in 44.6% were under treatment and 55.4% in remission or recovery. Body image change was experienced by the 44%. The mean value of the state anxiety was 30.3±5.4 and trait was 35.3±6.9. Children with cancer experienced lower levels of state anxiety compared to control group, p =0.049, and did not differed in terms of trait anxiety, p=0.060. In the total sample, girls experienced trait anxiety of the highest intensity, p=0.018 and children aged 14-16, p=0.020. No statistically significant differences were found in relation to the type of cancer in both state and trait anxiety, p=0.096 and p=0.424, in relation to the phase of the disease and the change of body image, p>0.05. Children whose fathers were of higher education experienced less anxiety and differed significantly from those of primary and secondary education, p=0.036 and p=0.021, respectively. Comparison between control group and study group in relation to gender, showed that girls with cancer experienced trait anxiety of higher intensity, p=0.029 but children between 14-16 years from the control group experienced trait anxiety of higher intensity, p=0.030.ConclusionsChildren of both groups experienced mild to moderate anxiety and its intensity was related to socio-demographic factors of the children and their parents.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
IntroductionA pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus is an immensely traumatic event. Researches indicate that such events significantly impact various aspects of individuals, including their ...physical, emotional, cognitive, behavioural, and social functions, affecting different components of their personality structure. However, the experience of trauma itself is influenced by implicit internal structures known as underlying beliefs. Consequently, emotional responses to traumatic events may be interconnected with these core beliefs.ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore fundamental beliefs among Russian university students and analyze their associations with emotional reactions such as depression, anxiety, and stress.MethodsData collection took place from January to April 2021 using a custom-designed Google form. The study involved 35 Russian university students. We employed the WAS-37 methodology to investigate fundamental beliefs and the DASS-21 methodology to assess the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Both questionnaires were adapted for use in Russia.ResultsWe found that the mean values of the “Benevolence of the surrounding world” (M = 35.5±7.3) and “Luck” (M = 31.7±5.1) scales are higher than the normative mean values for the Russian population. In contrast, the mean values of the “Fairness” (M = 21.0±3.7), “Self-image” (M = 26.6±7.0) and “Beliefs about control” (M = 26.6±4.8) scales are generally not different from the normative values. Depression has negative correlations with Self-image (rs = -0.590, p < 0.01) and Beliefs about control (rs = -0.509, p < 0.01). No statistically significant correlations of anxiety and stress with baseline beliefs were obtained.ConclusionsDuring the second wave of the pandemic, Russian university students tend to view the world around them as less perilous than the broader population does, and they perceive themselves as more fortunate. Depressive feelings among students are linked to their lower beliefs in the value and importance of their self, as well as their perception that the world around them is not sufficiently controllable.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
