La introspección del propio yo en el autorretrato recoge variedad de significados y tipologías en el universo de las artes, un juego que en pintura lleva siglos realizándose. El retrato tuvo con la ...irrupción de la fotografía un revulsivo, pero con la llegada de la era digital el autorretrato se ha incrementado exponencialmente, adaptando el término inglés “selfie”. La presente investigación ofrece un análisis de este género, que desde la época clásica sienta las bases, a partir del mito de Narciso, de un cierto ego y vanidad ligados al autorretrato. Ya sea en pintura o fotografía, este género destaca por una idea de unión espiritual a modo de máscara que desvela en ocasiones lo emocional y transciende hacia la inmortalidad. Con la aparición de los teléfonos móviles, los avances en cámaras digitales y, en general, las nuevas tecnologías, el autorretrato obtiene aún mayor fuerza, pues estas últimas nos permiten detener el tiempo y autorreflejarnos como en un espejo, además de que el uso tan extendido de los nuevos soportes nos convierte en dominadores de la composición.
PREMISE OF THE STUDY:
Invasive species are often initially restricted to a narrow range and may then expand through any of multiple mechanisms including phenotypic plasticity, in situ evolution, or ...selection on traits preadapted for new habitats. Our study used population genetics to explore possible processes by which the highly selfing invasive annual grass Bromus tectorum has expanded into montane environments.
METHODS:
We used 69 single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers to genotype ca. 20 individuals from each of 38 montane cheatgrass populations from throughout the Intermountain West and to identify characteristic SNP haplotypes and examine their distribution.
KEY RESULTS:
Five invariant SNP haplotypes were dominant in montane cheatgrass populations, making up 59% of genotyped individuals, with each haplotype present in 12 to 21 populations. Four of these were absent or present at low frequency in low elevation populations, while the fifth was also sometimes dominant at low elevation. Sixteen haplotypes made up 78% of all genotyped individuals. These haplotypes were distributed across several haplogroups within the clade that also includes most sagebrush steppe lineages.
CONCLUSIONS:
The wide geographic distribution of several common haplotypes almost completely restricted to montane habitats suggests that dominant lineages in montane populations may possess adaptive syndromes that are preserved through reduced outcrossing rates or negative selection on outcrossed progeny. However, conclusive evidence of such local adaptation requires reciprocal seeding experiments and further characterization of adaptive traits and breeding system characteristics. Other lineages have likely risen to dominance in montane populations through selectively neutral processes.
Opuntia robusta has hermaphroditic, dioecious, and trioecious populations. To enhance our understanding of this breeding system diversity, we compared the reproductive output of males, females, and ...hermaphrodites in a trioecious population using field evaluations, controlled crosses, and progeny tests. Unisexuals were fully sterile in one sex function. Hermaphrodites were fully fertile for both functions. Consistent with the sex-allocation theory, unisexuality increased the quality and quantity (in males) of the gametes of the functional sex, relative to those of hermaphrodites, probably explained by maternal and paternal effects. The increase was higher in males than in females, suggesting a more expensive female function. Theoretically, this disproportional increase is required for unisexuals to invade a hermaphroditic population with prior selfing, negligible pollen discounting, and undetectable inbreeding depression, features found in O. robusta, therefore helping to explain dioecious populations. However, in the study population, the actual seed output of females was lower and had a higher variance than that of hermaphrodites, which also reproduce through pollen. Unisexuals are unlikely to be maintained by their actual reproductive output in this pollen-limited environment. Hermaphrodites may persist in this population by producing their seeds autonomously and by reducing interspecific fertilization by prior selfing and ovule discounting.
The co-occurrence of elaborate flowers visited by specific groups of pollinators and capacity for autonomous selfing in the same plant species has puzzled evolutionary biologists since the time of ...Charles Darwin. To examine whether autonomous selfing and floral specialization evolved in association, we quantified the autofertility level (AFI) in nine Schizanthus species characterized by a wide range of pollination specialization, revealing AFI values of 0.02 to complete selfing. An independent contrasts analysis conducted on AFIs and number of functional pollinator groups showed that autonomous selfing evolved from an ancestral outcrossing system as plants became increasingly specialized (r = -0.82). To assess whether autonomous selfing together with specialization acts as a reproductive assurance mechanism, we estimated spatial and interannual variation in fruit set due to pollinator failure in two closely related high Andean Schizanthus species differing in their specialization levels. Variation in pollinator failure rate was more pronounced and autonomous selfing increased fruit production over biotically assisted pollination in the more specialized species. Our study suggests that specialized pollination deems species more vulnerable to pollinator fluctuation thus promoting the evolution of delayed autonomous selfing.
Because of its inherent flexibility, the ProteinChip® Array platform has demonstrated utility into basic research as well as clinical research. In the domain of basic research, it has been used to ...examine protein modifications, characterize protein–protein interactions and study signal transduction and enzymatic pathways. In clinical research, it has been used to elucidate and identify biomarkers of disease, and as a platform for predictive medicine.
ProteinChip Array technology can be used to examine patterns of protein expression and modification and has many applications in both clinical and research proteomics.
In this text we relate surveillance and control in contemporary society with teaching digital citizenship and activism. We will present a learning experience based art project Confessions of British ...artistic Gillian Wearing developed with 32 future teachers of early childhood education at the University of the Basque Country. Confessions In the Confesiones project, participants have to write anonymously, a critical incident involving their school history and consider it visible and valuable to share. To maintain anonymity, hide the identity and become aware of the dangers of facial recognition algorithms and other forms of surveillance and control, incidents were recorded in audio with voice distorting and anti-selfi was attached. This experience has highlighted the importance of the initial teacher construct a discourse that denature technological neutrality, control and surveillance on the Internet, for the formation of a digital public criticism.
En este texto relacionamos la vigilancia y el control en la sociedad contemporánea con ciudadanía digital y el activismo docente. Presentaremos una experiencia de aprendizaje basada en el proyecto artístico Confessions de la artística británica Gillian Wearing desarrollada con 32 futuras maestras de educación infantil de la Universidad del País Vasco. En el proyecto Confesiones, los participantes tienen que escribir de forma anónima, un incidente crítico relacionado con su historia escolar y que consideren valioso para hacerlo visible y compartirlo. Para mantener el anonimato, ocultar la identidad y tomar conciencia de los peligros de los algoritmos de reconocimiento facial y otras formas de vigilancia y control, los incidentes se grababan en audio con distorsionadores de voz y se adjuntaba un anti-selfi. Esta experiencia ha puesto en evidencia la importancia que tiene en la formación inicial del profesorado construir un discurso que desnaturalice la neutralidad tecnológica, el control y la vigilancia en Internet, para la formación de una ciudadanía digital crítica.
Rad se bavi istraživanjem /selfa/ kroz društveni fenomen “selfija” kao načina komunikacije na socijalnim mrežama, pretpostavljajući reprezentaciju /lažnog selfa/ u ovom obliku samo-reprezentacije. ...Ovaj fenomen uključuje fotografiranje i objavljivanje “selfija” na društvenim mrežama, kako bi osoba postala vidljiva i dostupna javnosti,
na taj način hraneći samopouzdanje i narcizam i takva bila na raspolaganju kritičnom oku javnosti, koja je zatim kupuje ili prodaje u valuti “lajkova”.
/Selfi/je zanimljiv fenomen autoportreta u eri nove tehnologije koji služi i podizanju samosvijesti i samopouzdanja, međutim u njemu se ogledaju i društveni problemi.
Praksa selfija postaje platforma za pojačavanje poremećaja ličnosti i ovisnosti o izradi /selfija/ i povratnim informacijama sa društvenih mreža (lajkovima i pozitivnim komentarima). Selfi je uzrok nesretnih slučajeva sa fatalnim posljedicama (širom svijeta, pa i u Hrvatskoj), a u SAD-u je zabilježen porast od 10% u učestalosti plastičnih operacija lica.
S druge strane upotreba /selfija/ je svrhovitija u manjinskim populacijama, kao što su to LGBT zajednica (Lang, 2013) i druge manjinske skupine, prema etnicitetu emocionalnom ili mentalnom stanju, kojima služi kao potvrda, način identifikacije, dokaz postojanja i pripadnosti. Slično tome, feministkinje koriste selfie kao poruku u
kojoj je žena i manifest i subjekt.
Mijenjajući urbani krajolik izlaganjem selfija pod utjecajem pop-kulture, namještene slike, na kojoj nam se čini da izgledamo bolje, suvišno je pitanje prikazuje li selfi naše istinsko JA ili pozu za javnost!
Il suffit parfois d’un geste, d’un regard ou d’une parole pour que nous éprouvions soudainement le sentiment de notre valeur ou, au contraire, celui de notre insuffisance, de notre inutilité, de ...notre solitude. Car, au-delà des honneurs que nous avons pu recevoir ou des relations que nous avons pu fortifier, le sentiment d’être reconnu se nourrit de ces moments de la rencontre au risque de la déception. Sans nier l’importance des combats collectifs dont l’objectif est la reconnaissance de groupes cherchant l’équité pour tous, cet ouvrage invite le lecteur à une réflexion sur l’importance de l’interaction pour mieux comprendre les enjeux de la reconnaissance tels qu’ils sont éprouvés par les individus dans un quotidien en apparence banal. Non seulement les tentatives individuelles d’accès à la reconnaissance sont-elles parfois invisibles à l’œil de l’analyste, mais cette invisibilité masque derrière des situations complexes la diversité des manières d’obtenir de la reconnaissance dans le moment de l’interaction, au risque non seulement de l’expérience de mépris, mais aussi de la mépréhension.
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