The aim of this paper is to study the development of the phonetic form and semantics of the word salash, to determine its origin and distribution in the dialects of the Carpathian area as well as in ...the continuum of Balkan and Slavic languages. The work is carried out in line with the traditional problems of Balkan and Carpathian studies, the ultimate goal of which is to describe the semantics and study the origin of the idioethnic cultural vocabulary of the ancient pastoral population of this ethnolinguistic continuum, and to understand the ways and the time of formation of this ethnocultural phenomenon. General, special, and dialect dictionaries as well as dialect atlases and linguistic maps of Slavic and Balkan languages (Ukrainian, Russian, Slovenian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian, Slovak, Polish, Romanian, etc.) and their Carpathian dialects served as the material for analysis in the paper. The research uses methods of semantic-phonetic analysis of word variants in lexicographic sources, the interpretation of linguistic maps, and etymological analysis.
Analysis (on the basis of Lexis Used in the Short Story Fatum by Antoni Lange from 1925) The article presents the elements of prison argot, which has occurred in the novel called Fatum by Antoni ...Lange. The author of this article describes lexemes as constituent of stylization procedure, discussed the etymology of few lexems used in Polish criminal jargon, from the 19th century until the interwar period. The lexemes listed in the oldest Polish sociolectical dictionaries, e.g.: kimber, szopenfeldziarz, bugajczyk, mojka, skakier, chatrać, fekstier, wydra are presented in the text. Many of them do not appear in non-standard dialect any more. This article tries to fill a gap in the research on the origins of some jargon words.
The study under consideration highlights the multidimensional comprehensive analysis of eight texts of diverse genre attribution applied in the international PIRLS testing during 2001-2011 (PIRLS ...(Progress in International Reading Literacy Study) is conducted by International Association in assessment of academic achievements IEA. The national coordinator of the research implementation PIRLS in the Russian Federation is FIAQE «Federal Institute of assessment of quality education»). The objective of the study is to substantiate the hypothesis concerning similarities and differences in typological characteristics that aim at evaluating the complexity of popular science and literary texts. The cornerstone of the theory serves the assumption of the text complexity which involves quantitative (the word, sentence, text length) as well as qualitative (narrativity, syntactical simplicity, precision, referential cohesion, semantic cohesion) characteristics of the text 14. The study determines that literary texts display a wider diversity of syntactical structures and a higher narrative degree than popular science texts under similar length and readability conditions. The precision indicators of popular science and literary texts are manifested in approximately the same range whereas referential and semantic cohesion represent a broad range of fluctuations in both cases.
The study of psychological and pedagogical conditions, and the formation of professionally significant qualities of the future speech therapist, is associated with the formation of intonational and ...semantic skills, which affects the training of future specialists. The presented forms, methods of organizing the educational process on the example of specific subjects of the educational plan, made it possible to increase the competence of students. Specially selected exercises during the "Pedagogy" discipline were focused on mastering the scientific style, which contributed to the development of semantic reading. The results of the work done confirm that if specially selected tasks are included in the educational process, this allows for better training of future speech therapists in accordance with the standard of professional training in the context of digitalization.
Această lucrare reprezintă o provocare pentru mijloacele de apropiere a ştiinţei istorice de adevăr şi de descifrare a realităţilor din trecut, altfel spus, textul este tradus şi analizat în toate ...conexiunile autorului cu realitatea pe care o descrie, cu viziunea şi înţelegerea a ceea a cunoscut de visu sau despre care i s-a relatat şi cu concepţia de elaborare a textului (despre ce scrie, adică ce aspecte descrie, cât de amănunţit sau, din contra, cât de telegrafic face relatarea ş.a.) Aflată în continuitatea cercetărilor unor opere majore ale culturii universale, ale lui Dimitrie Cantemir, Petru Movilă sau a scrierilor arabe creştine, Ioana Feodorov dispune de toate instrumentele necesare realizării unui asemenea proiect gigant : cunoaşterea perfectă a câtorva limbi moderne şi clasice, a limbii arabe moderne şi a celei medievale (şi în expresia ei particulară creştină), cu expertiză paleografică îndelungată. Explicarea detaliată a tuturor particularităţilor textului în arabă : lexicale, semantice sau ale câmpurilor onomasiologice (de ex., terminologia „tehnică" referitoare la cult şi biserică) formează o contribuţie deosebit de importantă la cunoaşterea atât a culturii arabe şi a culturilor ţărilor vizitate, prin aducerea la zi a informaţiilor ştiinţifice, mai mult decât a făcuto o Paul. Dintr-o înaltă consideraţie a funcţiei de Patriarh, fiul se referă la tatăl său ca la o persoană oficială, pe care o descrie protocolar, dar cu multe amănunte, doar în momentele sale publice, iar relaţiile dintre ei apar strict oficiale sau de serviciu.
În prima parte a volumului se remarcă un pregnant suport lingvistic care traversează lucrarea, interferenţa pragmaticii cu alte ramuri ale lingvisticii reprezintă firul roşu al lucrării, având o ...însemnată prezenţă până în capitolul opt unde pragmatica se evidenţiază în abordări de sine stătătoare. Timpurile verbului între semantică si pragmatică (p. 271-328) evidenţiază în prima parte a capitolului o exemplificare multilingvă în ceea ce priveşte concordanţa verbelor (engleză, franceză, italiană şi română), iar în a doua parte sensul conceptual si sensul procedural (p. 318-322) precum şi timpurile gramaticale într-o abordare logică (p. 322-328) confirmă faptul că „uzajul din română se supune unor reguli semantice, sintactice , discursive complexe, pe care studiile lingvistice încep, timid, să le evidenţieze" (p. 329). Ultimele patru capitole ale lucrării se remarcă cu o structură independentă a pragmaticii, gravitând în jurul filosofiei limbajului, a implicaturilor conversaţionale (p. 331-379), a presupoziţiei (p. 381-442), cea din urmă gravitând între domeniul semanticii şi cel al pragmaticii (p. 422).
Translation of songs used in films comprises a unique phenomenon since it supposes to take into account an interdependence of two multimodal systems and their components. The challenges associated ...with the translation of songs in films manifest themselves both on the level of an internal system of a song (interconnection of lyrics and music on prosodic, poetic and semantic levels) and external relations of a song and a film it is immersed into (visual, audial and semantic levels of interaction). The article attempts to consider translation of songs in films within the frameworks of the functional approach and states that the pragmatic function and communicative purpose of a song in a film are translation dominants. The paper suggests and discusses five levels of correspondence between the source song and target song in film translation, i.e., pragmatic, semantic, stylistic, cinematic, and aesthetic. It determines a correlation between translation technique used in the recreation of lyrics (zero translation, interlinear translation and adaptation) and potentially achievable levels of correspondence.
Information retrieval (IR) systems like content delivery portals (CDP) help users to complete processes like searching tasks. However, these systems are facing difficulties like a lack of context or ...an abundance of content within the required information. An approach to solve this problem is the creation of microDocs with semantic correlation rules (SCR). The objective of this paper is to examine the realization of SCR in CDP according to use cases by focusing on the impact SCR have on the effectiveness of CDP for IR. SCR can be implemented in various creation systems. Furthermore, the paper focuses on the exemplary development of SCR in a component content management system (CCMS). Therefore, a system-based evaluation was conducted. In addition a test collection, following an ontology and a corresponding metadata architecture was created to evaluate the impact of SCR on CDP. The evaluation includes three systems, representing the different types of CDP. It uses methodology precision and recall, as well-fitting methods for the intended purpose. To conclude and finalize, testing results will be summed up, interpreted and the findings will be provided with an outlook.
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