Intermedia agenda setting is a widely used theory to explain how content transfers between news media. The recent digitalization wave, however, challenges some of its basic presuppositions. We ...discuss three assumptions that cannot be applied to online and social media unconditionally: one, that media agendas should be measured on an issue level; two, that fixed time lags suffice to understand overlap in media content; and three, that media can be considered homogeneous entities. To address these challenges, we propose a “news story” approach as an alternative way of mapping how news spreads through the media. We compare this with a “traditional” analysis of time-series data. In addition, we differentiate between three groups of actors that use Twitter. For these purposes, we study online and offline media alike, applying both measurement methods to the 2014 Belgium election campaign. Overall, we find that online media outlets strongly affect other media that publish less often. Yet, our news story analysis emphasizes the need to look beyond publication schemes. “Slow” newspapers, for example, often precede other media’s coverage. Underlining the necessity to distinguish between Twitter users, we find that media actors on Twitter have vastly more agenda-setting influence than other actors do.
This large-scale intermedia agenda–setting analysis examines U.S. online media sources for 2015. The network agenda–setting model showed that media agendas were highly homogeneous and reciprocal. ...Online partisan media played a leading role in the entire media agenda. Two elite newspapers—The New York Times and The Washington Post—were found to no longer be in control of the news agenda and were more likely to follow online partisan media. This article provides evidence for a nuanced view of the network agenda–setting model; intermedia agenda–setting effects varied by media type, issue type, and time periods.
•Milestones can be used as a conceptual framework to define competency standards.•Milestone standards can provide a foundation to build a program of assessment.•Competency standards reflect culture ...and expectations of individual institution.•This methodology can be readily replicated at other programs.
In transitioning to competency-based surgical training, the need to clearly define competency is paramount. The purpose of this study is to define the well-prepared foundational resident using the ACGME General Surgery Milestones as our conceptual framework.
Participants reflected on their expectations of a well-prepared resident at the end of PGY1, then assigned milestone levels reflecting this level of competence for General Surgery Milestones 1.0 and 2.0. Subcompetency scores were averaged among residents and faculty. The level of the well-prepared foundational resident was determined based on the highest level within one standard deviation of faculty, resident, and total group averages.
This took place during a dedicated education retreat at a single, large academic general surgery residency program.
Key faculty stakeholders and a representative sample of residents (PGY 1-5) within our institution participated.
Eight faculty and five residents completed Milestones 1.0 and 2.0 scoring. Mean scores between faculty and residents were compared. For 1.0, mean scores for Practice-Based Learning and Improvement 3 (PBLI 3) and Interpersonal Communication Skills 3 (ICS 3) were discernably lower for residents than for faculty (PBLI 3 1.3 (0.3) v 0.9 (0.2), p = 0.01; ICS3 1.6 (0.6) v 1.1 (1), p = 0.01). Scores of 2.0 were comparable across all subcompetency domains. With this broad agreement, Milestone-based competency standards were determined. Descriptive narratives of the KSAs were created for each subcompetency, combining the determined Milestones 1.0 and 2.0 levels.
We were able to clearly define the competent foundational resident using the ACGME Milestones as a conceptual framework. These Milestone levels reflect the culture and expectations in our department, providing a foundation upon which to build a program of assessment. This methodology can be readily replicated in other programs to reflect specific expectations of the program within the larger ACGME frameworks of competency.
The South China Sea dispute is one of the most complicated geopolitical issues of the twenty-first century. While this international conflict revolves around military and economic disputes, in ...today's information age international politics also hinges on how each country presents the dispute in the news and whose "story" wins. Based on the Network Agenda Setting model, this study analyzed the news coverage in three involved countries-China, the Philippines, and the United States-and examined whose "story" gains the most prominence on Twitter, an emerging transnational public sphere. A combination of network analysis and the Granger causality test were used to explicate the media effects. Network visualization techniques were adopted to graphically represent the media network agendas. Overall, the results showed that the Twittersphere to a great extent followed the US news media in reasoning the association and dynamics between different countries involved in the South China Sea dispute, whereas the media in China and the Philippines showed minimal to moderate impact on this global social media platform. The findings demonstrate that the US media's agenda-setting effect can transcend national borders, and that the imbalanced power structure has been reinforced in this new media environment.
Violence against children (VAC) has garnered attention as a priority issue, in part, due to the Violence Against Children and Youth Surveys (VACS). Although children are disproportionately ...represented among forcibly displaced people, VACS are a novelty in humanitarian settings.
This paper presents the approach to the first-ever VACS conducted exclusively in a humanitarian setting (HVACS) in Uganda, in addition to providing an overview of the results of this novel survey, along with their implications.
Participants included 1338 females and 927 males aged 13-24 years living in refugee settlements in Uganda.
This was a cross-sectional representative household survey conducted in all 13 refugee settlements in Uganda between March and April 2022. A three-stage sampling process was used to identify participants. Descriptive analysis was conducted, involving the application of sample weights to obtain estimates that are representative of the study population.
VAC in refugee settings is pervasive, with females being more likely than males to experience sexual violence and males being more likely than females to experience physical violence. VAC perpetrators were mostly people who were known to child survivors. Whereas knowledge of where to seek help for violence was relatively high (more so for males compared to females), the levels of disclosure and help-seeking were very low for both groups.
Robust surveys that have traditionally excluded humanitarian settings can be conducted in these contexts. Data emanating from such surveys are critical for developing relevant guidance on interventions to appropriately address major public health issues, such as VAC.
The aim of this study is to investigate the association between the media and the public network agendas concerning Syrian refugees in Türkiye, as an exemplar of a polarized media system within the ...context of a competitive authoritarian regime to gain insight into the cognitive effects of media in such a context internationally. Large-scale media and nationally representative mind-mapping survey data analysis show that the media’s network agenda is only significantly transferred to the pro-government individuals, while no significant effect was found on pro-opposition individuals from any media outlet regardless of their political stances. Implications are discussed.
Context:
Goal-setting is a key characteristic of modern rehabilitation. However, goals need to be meaningful and of importance to the client.
Axioms:
Both theories and empirical evidence support the ...importance of a hierarchy of goals: one or more overall goals that clients find personally meaningful and specific goals that are related to the overall goals. We posit that the client’s fundamental beliefs, goals and attitudes (“global meaning”) need to be explored before setting any rehabilitation goal. A chaplain or other person with similar skills can be involved in doing so in an open-ended way. The client’s fundamental beliefs, goals and attitudes serve as a point of departure for setting rehabilitation goals.
Setting goals:
We set out a three-stage process to set goals: (1) exploring the client’s global meaning (i.e. fundamental beliefs, goals and attitudes), (2) deriving a meaningful overall rehabilitation goal from the client’s global meaning and (3) setting specific rehabilitation goals that serve to achieve the meaningful overall rehabilitation goal.
Conclusion:
This is an extension of current practice in many rehabilitation teams, which may help counter the drive toward exclusively functional goals based around independence.
Background: Sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV), including rape and child sexual abuse, remains a significant challengein post-conflict northern Uganda. Many victims have never sought help. ...Consequently, the scale of the problem is not known,and SGBV victims’ injuries, both psychological and physical, remain hidden and unresolved. Objectives: We aimed to explore whether health workers in rural Reproductive Health Services (RHS), following specific training,could provide a valuable resource for SGBV screening and subsequent referral to targeted services. Methods: Our project had three elements. First, RHS workers were trained to use a questionnaire to screen subjects for pastSGBV. Second, the screening questionnaire was used by RHS workers over a 3-month period, and the data collected were analysedto explore whether the screening approach was an effective one in this setting, and to record the scale and nature of theproblem. Third, victims detected were offered referral as appropriate to hospital services or to a dedicated SGBV ActionAidshelter. Results: Of 1656 women screened, 778 (47%) had suffered SGBV: 123 rape, and 505 non-sexual violence. 1,254 (76%) had beendirectly or indirectly affected by conflict experiences; 1066 had lived in internally displaced persons camps. 145 (9%) requestedreferral to Gulu SGBV Shelter; 25 attended the shelter and received assistance, and 20 others received telephone counselling. Conclusion: Undetected SGBV remains a significant problem in post-conflict northern Uganda. RHS workers, following specifictraining, can effectively screen for and identify otherwise unrecognised survivors of SGBV. This matters because withoutongoing detection, survivors have no opportunity for resolution, healing or help. Keywords: SGBV; resource-poor setting; Screening.
Background The use of policies in medical treatment reimbursement decisions, in which only future patients are affected, prompts a moral dilemma: is there an ethical difference between withdrawing ...and withholding treatment? Design Through a preregistered behavioral experiment involving 1,067 participants, we tested variations in public attitudes concerning withdrawing and withholding treatments at both the bedside and policy levels. Results In line with our first hypothesis, participants were more supportive of rationing decisions presented as withholding treatments compared with withdrawing treatments. Contrary to our second prestated hypothesis, participants were more supportive of decisions to withdraw treatment made at the bedside level compared with similar decisions made at the policy level. Implications Our findings provide behavioral insights that help explain the common use of policies affecting only future patients in medical reimbursement decisions, despite normative concerns of such policies. In addition, our results may have implications for communication strategies when making decisions regarding treatment reimbursement. Highlights We explore public’ attitudes toward withdrawing and withholding treatments and how the decision level (bedside or policy level) matters. People were more supportive of withholding medical treatment than of withdrawing equivalent treatment. People were more supportive of treatment withdrawal made at the bedside than at the policy level. Our findings help clarify why common-use policies, which impact only future patients in medical reimbursement decision, are implemented despite the normative concerns associted with thesepolicies.
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