Performing two studies, we explore the intermedia attribute agenda-setting effects between the U.S. mainstream newspapers and Twitter. Leveraging computational methodologies, Study 1 analyzes 3,541 ...newspaper articles and over 1.06 million tweets about the 2020 Black Lives Matter movement, illustrating asymmetrical reciprocity of substantive attributes and mutual independency of affective attributes between both outlets. Study 2 performs in-depth interviews with 16 American journalists, showing that journalists increasingly see Twitter as a news source hub, a self-promotion platform, and a prism of distorted public sentiments. The juxtaposition of both studies revealed the paradigm and driving forces of the intermedia agenda flow.
Many innovative forms of media entered the online mediascape and can potentially set public agendas. This study drew on peer-produced news content on Wikipedia and theorized its unprecedented agenda ...building power within a network of diverse media sources. Adopting the network agenda-setting model, this study collected comprehensive global news coverage and Wikipedia coverage of top US political news events from 2015 to 2020. Time series analysis found that none of the media types (Wikipedia, elite media, and non-elite media) exhibited dominant agenda-setting power, while each of them can lead the agenda in certain circumstances. Wikipedia was a critical agenda setter for other media entities, and it also reflected the public’s collective evaluation of existing news agendas from multiple sources. This article proposed a multi-agent and multidirectional network architecture to describe agenda-setting relationships. We also highlighted four unique characteristics of Wikipedia that matter for digital journalism.
This article examines the roles of the media in the process of political agenda setting. There is a long tradition of studies on this topic, but they have mostly focused on legacy news media, thus ...overlooking the role of other actors and the complex hybrid dynamics that characterize contemporary political communication. In contrast, through an in-depth case study using mixed-methods and multiplatform data, this article provides a detailed analysis of the roles and interactions between different types of media and how they were used by political and advocacy elites. It explores what happened in the different parts of the system, and thus the paths to attention that led to setting this issue in the political and media agendas. The analysis of the case, a partial policy reversal in the United Kingdom provoked by an immigration scandal known as the “Windrush scandal” reveals that the issue was pushed into the agenda by a campaign assemblage of investigative journalism, political and advocacy elites, and digitally enabled leaders. The legacy news media came late but were crucial. They greatly amplified the salience of the issue and, once in “storm mode,” they were key for sustaining attention and pressure, eventually compelling the government to respond. It shows that they often remain at the core of the “national conversation” and certainly in the eye of a media storm. In the contemporary context, characterized by fierce battles for attention, shortening attention spans and fractured audiences, this is key and has important implications for agenda setting and beyond.
This study provides updated analysis of multi‐decadal mangrove organic carbon (OC) burial rates. The available data indicate mangroves bury 138.6 (120.3–158.8, 95% C.I.) g OC m−2 yr−1 locally, or ...20.18 (17.52–23.12) Tg yr−1 globally. We contend that this common approach of upscaling from a single local‐scale rate obscures critical environmental differences in burial rates. By implementing a recently formalized, spatially explicit global mangrove typology, we find carbonate setting mangroves have lower burial rates than terrigenous settings, and that upscaling based on representative rates for sedimentary setting alone or a combination of sedimentary and geomorphic settings, increased the global scale annual burial to 22.10 (18.26–26.05) and 24.17 (19.77–25.50) Tg yr−1, respectively. We propose that future work should focus less on consolidating a single confidence interval for mangrove OC burial rates, and should instead explore drivers of spatial variability based on sedimentary and geomorphic settings.
Plain Language Summary
In the last three decades mangroves have gained a global reputation for being particularly effective at extracting CO2 from the atmosphere and storing it in their soils. There has been a large effort to measure how much carbon is stored in these soils, but the rate at which soil carbon is buried each year remains less well‐known. In this study, we collected published mangrove carbon burial rates. We calculated that the single value most representative of how much carbon is buried by mangroves at any given location in the world is 138.6 g m−2 yr−1. However, an important finding of this research is that mangroves bury carbon at different rates in coastal settings characterized by different sediment types and by variations in how riverine and ocean water interact with the landscape. We find that some mangrove settings, such as lagoons, bury less carbon than expected compared to previous assessments, but others, including mangroves in deltas, bury more. As a result, mangroves globally bury more carbon each year than previously thought. However, more work is needed to improve the understanding of burial rates, including making more measurements, especially in continental Africa where there are presently no directly measured burial rates available.
Key Points
The global data set of mangrove organic carbon (OC) burial rates is highly skewed; the average of the transformed data is 138.6 g m−2 yr−1
Use of a global, spatially explicit mangrove typology indicates terrigenous settings have higher OC burial rates than carbonate settings
More OC burial rate observations are needed for data‐deficient regions, including deltas and the African continent
Tripoli is a soft, very fine earth material that is nearly pure silica. It is known in trade market as (soft Silica). Tripoli is found in village of Aynun at Karak province 150 km to South of Amman ...in Jordan, and in Tafila 230 km to South of Amman, Jordan. Current research aims to test the use of Tripoli in cement paste through testing consistency, water/cement (w/c) ratio and penetration, initial and final setting times, density, and compressive strength. Tripoli was added to cement paste at ratios 20, 40, and 60%. Findings explained that 20% Tripoli is optimum, it achieves 2094 kg/m
3
in density, and w/c ratio and penetration increase with the increase of Tripoli. W/c ratio is 0.365 and penetration is 32.75 mm for 20% content of Tripoli. Compressive strengths are 3.25Mpa, 5 Mpa, and 7 Mpa for 7-, 14-, and 28-day on 20%. Initial and final setting times are 3.15 h and 3.5 h, respectively, at 20% Tripoli content. Tripoli can be used as admixture in cement paste and as additive in cement production to produce specific type of cement that has specific initial and final setting times especially in hot weather and for sustainability of construction materials.
A common and important feature within models of career management is the career goal, yet relatively little is known about the factors influencing career goals and when and how career goal setting ...occurs. Drawing from Ashforth's (2001) model of role transitions we propose and test a model wherein mentoring experiences of early career professionals relate to short- and long-term career goals through professional identification. Using survey data collected at three points in time from 312 early career professionals, we find that psychosocial mentoring, but not career mentoring, positively relates to professional identification. For short-term goal outcomes, professional identification positively relates to extrinsic goals, intrinsic goals, and goals that are high quality (i.e., specific, difficult, to which one is committed). For long-term goal outcomes, professional identification positively relates to extrinsic and intrinsic goals, but not to goal quality. Instead, in the long-term goal model, psychosocial mentoring is directly related to goal quality. The theoretical and practical implications of this study for professional identification, career goals, and how mentors can facilitate career goals are discussed.
The modern power system networks are very complex and often consist of multiloop structures with increased penetration of renewable energy sources-based distributed generations. Directional ...overcurrent relays (DORs) are the key protection devices in such networks and their coordination has a profound impact on the overall protection of networks. Optimisation of DOR settings is an important concern in protection coordination in power systems. In this study, optimisation of DOR settings, namely time dial setting and pickup current (Ip) setting is achieved by adopting symbiotic organism search technique which is a recently proposed proficient optimiser imitating biological give and take policy while searching for an optimum. Computational ability of the technique to coordinate DORs is validated in IEEE 6-bus and WSCC 9-bus test systems. Results show that the new technique causes for notable reduction in relays’ operating time, with maintaining reliable coordination margin for each primary/backup relay pair, in comparison with other techniques. Also, computation time to find optimum solution is less using the new method.
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