Research priority setting aims to identify research gaps within particular health fields. Given the global burden of mental illness and underfunding of mental health research compared to other health ...topics, knowledge of methodological procedures may raise the quality of priority setting to identify research with value and impact. However, to date there has been no comprehensive review on the approaches adopted with priority setting projects that identify mental health research, despite viewed as essential knowledge to address research gaps. Hence, the paper presents a summary of the methods, designs, and existing frameworks that can be adopted for prioritising mental health research to inform future prioritising projects.
A systematic review of electronic databases located prioritisation literature, while a critical interpretive synthesis was adopted whereby the appraisal of methodological procedures was integrated into the synthesis of the findings. The synthesis was shaped using the good practice checklist for priority setting by Viergever and colleagues drawing on their following categories to identify and appraise methodological procedures: (1) Comprehensive Approach-frameworks/designs guiding the entire priority setting; (2) Inclusiveness -participation methods to aid the equal contribution of stakeholders; (3) Information Gathering-data collecting methods to identify research gaps, and (4) Deciding Priorities-methods to finalise priorities.
In total 903 papers were located with 889 papers removed as either duplicates or not meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. 14 papers were identified, describing 13 separate priority setting projects. Participatory approaches were the dominant method adopted but existing prioritisation frameworks were modified with little explanation regarding the rationale, processes for adaptation and theoretical foundation. Processes were predominately researcher led, although with some patient involvement. Surveys and consensus building methods gathered information while ranking systems and thematic analysis tend to generate finalised priorities. However, limited evidence found about transforming priorities into actual research projects and few described plans for implementation to promote translation into user-informed research.
Prioritisation projects may benefit from justifying the methodological approaches taken to identify mental health research, stating reasons for adapting frameworks alongside reasons for adopting particular methods, while finalised priorities should be worded in such a way as to facilitate their easy translation into research projects.
Jiru is a poorly studied Cu deposit located in the west segment of the Gangdese porphyry Cu belt (GPCB), 200km west of Lhasa. The deposit consists of both collisional- and postcollisional-stage ...porphyry-type Cu systems, which are genetically associated with the early Eocene granitoid batholith and the Miocene Jiru porphyry stock, respectively. In this study, we present zircon U–Pb LA-ICP-MS dates and Hf isotopes, whole rock geochemical and Pb isotope geochemical data for the main intrusions in the Jiru deposit. The early Eocene granitoid samples (~49Ma) are characterized by magmatic arc geochemical features, slightly concave REE patterns and well-developed negative Eu anomalies. These geochemical characteristics suggest that the granitoid melts were generated by partial melting of a metasomatized mantle, and that the melt had undergone fractional crystallization of amphibole and plagioclase. In contrast, the Miocene porphyry intrusions (16.4–15.5Ma) at Jiru are characterized by high K contents, adakitic affinities (e.g., high Sr/Y and La/Yb ratios), subduction signatures (e.g., enriched Cs, Rb, Ba and depleted Nb, Ta, Ti), positive zircon εHf(t) values (1–6) and variable 208Pb/204Pb ratios (38.5–39.0), similar to other post-collisional porphyry intrusions in the Gangdese belt. Based on the above features, we propose that the Miocene porphyry intrusions at Jiru were generated by partial melting of subduction-modified lower crust.
Well-developed negative Eu anomalies and low Sr/Y ratios (generally <20) of the least fractionated samples of the Early Eocene granitoids indicate that water content of the primitive collision-related magma was<4wt.%, but increased to over 4wt.% with fractional crystallization, as evidenced by very weak negative Eu anomalies and relatively high Sr/Y ratios (~40) for some samples with SiO2 contents of ~67wt.%. Upper crustal differentiation, which would increase water content of residual magma, is thought to be a key step in the formation of the collision-stage Cu mineralization at Jiru. The presence of Eocene porphyry Cu–Mo mineralization indicates that sulfide precipitation at the base of the orogenic lower crust during the first-stage arc magmatism is not needed in the formation of the postcollisional porphyry Cu deposit at Jiru. This implies that the source of metal and S for postcollisional porphyry Cu deposits is more complex than originally considered.
•We report zircon U–Pb dates and Hf isotopes, geochemical and Pb isotopic data.•We investigate magmatic origin of main intrusions in the Jiru deposit.•We investigate the genesis of both collisional- and postcollisional-stage porphyry-type Cu systems.
•A new approach is proposed to solve relays miscoordination in interconnected systems arising from DGs.•It deduces the minimum value of FCL impedance in combination with settings change for minimum ...number of relays.•It studies the possibility to obtain new settings for only one adaptive relay while using minimum value of FCL to achieve coordination.•The proposed approach is extensively tested on IEEE-39 bus test system.
The presence of DGs in power networks tends to negatively affect relays coordination. Adding fault current limiters FCLs is one of the possible solutions to mitigate negative impacts of DGs addition on protection systems. Traditional schemes have estimated the minimum value of FCL to restore relays coordination when adding DGs without resetting of any relays. That minimum value of FCL in such case is called a critical value, where below this value the relays coordination will be lost.
Nowadays, designing FCL to simultaneously achieve two conflicted objectives of good performance and low cost is considered a great challenge. The paper introduces a new scheme to determine to what extent we could decrease FCL impedance value below its critical value with re-adjusting the original settings of only one adaptive relay to get relays coordination. Decreasing FCL value below its critical value will reduce the cost especially for superconductivity FCL. The proposed scheme can determine the location of that selected relay to be an adaptive one and estimate its re-adjusted new settings to be applied when DGs are added while inserting the reduced value of FCL.
Actually the proposed scheme can be applied for any networks irrespective of the number of added DGs and their capacities; while having an adaptive relay is the only requirement to implement it.
The proposed approach is implemented and effectively tested on the large well-known interconnected IEEE-39 bus test system with 84 relays. Its results are compared with other approaches where, no re-adjusted relays settings are applied. A noteworthy advantage of the proposed scheme is the ability to implement a reduced FCL value than the critical value, by adjusting only one relay settings in the whole network. The proposed scheme may also be extended to re-adjust settings of more than one relay and get further reduced value of FCL. Furthermore, it is also shown that a more optimum value of the total operating time of all primary relays for near end faults is achieved when applying the proposed method rather than other traditional schemes.
International travel-related nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), which can include traveler screening, travel restrictions, and border closures, often are included in national influenza pandemic ...preparedness plans. We performed systematic reviews to identify evidence for their effectiveness. We found 15 studies in total. Some studies reported that NPIs could delay the introduction of influenza virus. However, no available evidence indicated that screening of inbound travelers would have a substantial effect on preventing spread of pandemic influenza, and no studies examining exit screening were found. Some studies reported that travel restrictions could delay the start of local transmission and slow international spread, and 1 study indicated that small Pacific islands were able to prevent importation of pandemic influenza during 1918-19 through complete border closure. This limited evidence base indicates that international travel-related NPIs would have limited effectiveness in controlling pandemic influenza and that these measures require considerable resources to implement.
The Internet and Web 2.0 have created novel forms of collective action and political participation, the dynamics of which have attracted considerable scholarly attention. E-petitioning, a genre of ...technology-based collective action tools, makes it possible for members of the public to address government decision makers directly with their requests for policy-related action. In this paper we explore the effects of Twitter, other forms of online media, and television news broadcasts on the accumulation of signatures in e-petitioning. We analyze the case of “Bring Back Our Girls,” a Change.org petition initiated in spring 2014 following the abduction of 276 young female students from the Government Girls Secondary School in Chibok, Borno State, Nigeria by heavily armed members of the Boko Haram, an Islamic extremist group. The petition targeted government leaders around the world. We found evidence that tweets and certain forms of online media, together with cable news items, are related to the likelihood of individuals to sign an e-petition. The results provide evidence in support of a hybrid media system in which diverse forms of media behave with diverse logics and impacts in their effects on e-petitions.
•In this time series case study, Tweets issued over time were related to signature accumulation.•Cable TV news and other online news items were also related to signature accumulation.•Online items that mentioned the petition were also related to signature accumulation.•The results show evidence of traditional agenda setting as well as reverse agenda setting.•The results show effects of platform design on signature accumulation.
As an effective data representation, storage, management, calculation and model for analysis, ontology has attracted more and more attention by researchers and it has been applied to various ...engineering disciplines. In the background of big data, the ontology is expected to increase the amount of data information and the structure of its corresponding ontology graph has become more important due to its complexity. It demands that the ontology algorithm must be more efficient than before. In a specific engineering application, the ontology algorithm is required to find in a quick way the semantic matching set of the concept and rank it back to the user according to their similarities. Therefore, to use learning tricks to get better ontology algorithms is an open problem nowadays.
The aim of the present paper is to present a partial multi–dividing ontology algorithm with the aim of obtaining an efficient approach to optimize the partial multi–dividing ontology learning model. For doing it we state several theoretical results from a statistical learning theory perspective. Moreover, we present five experiments in different engineering fields to show the precision of our partial multi-dividing algorithm from angles of ontology, similarity measuring and ontology mapping building point of view.
The major disadvantage of supervised methods for action recognition is the need for a large amount of annotated data, where the data is matched to its label accurately. To address this issue, ...Zero-Shot Learning (ZSL) is introduced. Zero short learning primarily uses data that is synthesized to compensate for lack of training examples. In this paper, two different approaches are proposed for the synthesis of artificial examples for novel classes; namely, inverse autoregressive flow (IAF) based generative model and bi-directional adversarial GAN(Bi-dir GAN). A consequence of the proposed approach is a transductive setting using a semi-supervised variational autoencoder, where the unlabelled data from unseen classes are used to train the model. This enables the generation of novel class examples from textual descriptions. The proposed models perform well in the following settings, namely, i) Standard setting(ZSL), where the test data comes only from unseen classes, and ii) Generalized setting(GZSL), where the test data comes from both seen and unseen classes. In the case of the generalized setting, examples with pseudo labels are generated for unseen classes. Experiments are performed on three baseline datasets, UCF101, HMDB51, and Olympic. In comparison with state-of-the-art approaches, both the proposed models, IAF based generative model and Bi-dir GAN model outperform in UCF101, and Olympic datasets in all the settings and achieve comparative results in HMDB51.
The evolution of interpersonal relationships to structural balance involves various complex social psychological mechanics, including interpersonal influences, opinion dynamics, person–person ...homophily, person–entity homophily, etc. In this paper, we propose a discrete-time nonlinear dynamical system that characterizes the complex interplay among all the above mechanisms. Specifically, interpersonal appraisals are updated based on person–person homophily and person–opinion homophily; the social influence matrix is built according to the interpersonal appraisals; and the opinion dynamics evolve on the social influence network. Via theoretical analysis, we characterize the finite-time behavior and the equilibrium set of the model. In addition, we establish the equivalence among social balance, modulus consensus, convergence, and the non-vanishing appraisal condition. Moreover, we provide sufficient conditions such that the current faction formation in social balance is changed by introducing additional opinion dimensions, i.e., by setting new agendas. Numerical examples show the effectiveness of such agenda-setting strategy and indicate that sufficiently extreme topics are required in order to successfully conduct such manipulation.
Fishing with circle hooks along with prescribed hook‐setting methods can reduce deep‐hooking rates in some fisheries, but baited circle hooks have not been evaluated in stillwater trout fisheries. ...Deep‐hooking rates and catch probabilities were compared for cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii (Richardson), rainbow trout Oncorhyncus mykiss (Walbaum), cutthroat × rainbow trout hybrids, and brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis (MItchill) caught using three types of baited hooks (circle, intermediate circle and traditional J) and two hook‐setting methods (active and passive) in several lakes containing naturally reared trout. Hook type had a negligible effect on deep‐hooking rates, which averaged 20%. Actively setting the hook and fishing with a bobber both reduced deep‐hooking rates, regardless of hook type. Larger fish were deeply hooked more frequently regardless of hook type. Catch probabilities were higher when active rather than passive hook‐setting was used, particularly in combination with intermediate circle hooks. The present results, which indicate that circle hook use did not reduce deep hooking in lentic settings, contrast earlier studies done in lotic waters. Therefore, before proposing hook‐type regulations intended to reduce deep hooking, fisheries managers should consider waterbody type in addition to fishing methods, fish size and species.
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