Prehistory PATRICK V. KIRCH
Developments in Polynesian Ethnology,
03/2019
Book Chapter
Odprti dostop
The prevailing attitude toward Polynesian archaeology throughout the first half of the twentieth century is capsulized in Piddington’s opinion that “there are definite limits to what archaeology can ...add to our knowledge of Polynesian material culture,” and worse, that archaeologists could provide “nothing more than a duplication of information already available” (Williamson and Piddington 1939:335). Despite the plethora of ethnographic studies that put Polynesia squarely on the anthropological map, Piddington and his contemporaries were convinced that humans had arrived in the islands only within the past few hundred years. The recent time of settlement, the absence of pottery, and the
Conclusion Chris Jeppesen; Andrew W. M. Smith
Britain, France and the Decolonization of Africa,
03/2017
Book Chapter
Odprti dostop
The ways in which the future is forecast, when we speak in the conditional, are intimately bound up with our assessment of the present. After the Second World War, when this volume has stressed the ...notion of a late colonial shift, there was a period of profound change, creating a mass of swirling possibilities in Europe and in Africa. In 1950 Keïta Fodéba described an ‘African dawn’, as the ruptures of wartime and imperial conflict interrupted the rhythms of village life.¹ There was a sense, for some, that natural forces were undermining empire, but also that they could spark its
Let Us Walk Together ANA CECILIA ARTEAGA BÖHRT
Demanding Justice and Security,
06/2017
Book Chapter
Four women prepared to speak before thetanta chawi(regional assembly) in Totora Marka, a territory located in the Bolivian department of Oruro.¹ The president of theestatuyentes—the people in charge ...of drafting the statute—addressed the participants to announce that it was time for themamas(women) to present their proposals for inclusion in the autonomy statute, the internal law of the territory. After greeting theestatuyentesand traditional authorities, Doña Sixta, one of the speakers, affirmed that the political Constitution of the state recognizes indigenous autonomies and indigenous women, and that it was for that reason that
Relatively early in human history it became clear that coastal regions were attractive areas for settlement. The deltas and alluvial plains adjacent to coastlines provided flat, fertile land and ...water that made agricultural production possible, the mild climate made life easier and more comfortable, and the coastal waters provided access to the sea. Over time, trade and commerce would develop. There were some long steps for early humans, however, from the grasslands of Africa to the Nile Delta or the fertile crescent of the Middle East, but over thousands of years these areas were gradually settled. The earliest civilizations were
Shamans Chidester, David
Religion,
04/2018
Book Chapter
According to the classic definition proposed by Äke Hultkrantz, a shaman is “a social functionary who, with the help of guardian spirits, attains ecstasy to create a rapport with the supernatural ...world on behalf of his or her group members.”¹ As a social functionary, the shaman is defined not merely by the extraordinary personal ability to achieve ecstasy, communicate with spirits, or affect the healing of individuals but also by a public capacity to mediate between a transcendent reality and a particular social group. In many instances, the relevant social group for a shaman is constituted by kinship, since shamans
By Our Own Means Schlotterbeck, Marian E
Beyond the Vanguard,
06/2018
Book Chapter
On the night of May 8, 1970, Iris Muñoz did not sleep. She waited surrounded by her nine children and husband, Santiago Sáez. Three days earlier, Santiago brought news home from the glass factory ...that tonight would be the night.¹ She took care to pack up the family’s few belongings and what food there was. At two in the morning, a truck pulled up and university students helped the family climb in. When she descended from the truck into a grove of trees, Iris Muñoz did not know where she was. She had never seen this place before but would
In the wake of the Second World War, more than ever, colonial domination awoke guilty conscience and stigma. The Soviet Union stood for a radical interpretation of the doctrine of self-determination ...and posed as an advocate for dependent nations totaling some 250 million people. In the long run, the relationship that Moscow had established with the developing world was defined by expediency. With no experience of administering oversee possessions, the USSR nevertheless attempted to get a foothold in North Africa and the Middle East through the UN system. Rebuked by the United States and Britain, Stalin effectively decided not to
In January 2010, I made my first trip to Santa Cruz, Bolivia. The American Airlines overnight flight departing from Miami made a one-hour stop at the La Paz–El Alto airport and then continued on to ...Santa Cruz. La Paz and El Alto are sister cities, with populations of roughly 800,000 and 900,000, respectively, in 2016 (INE 2012). El Alto sits at a higher elevation, overlooking the bustling center of commerce and government buildings in La Paz. The airport is located in the heart of El Alto. With an elevation of 13,325 feet, it is the highest international airport in
Au cours de leur apostolat en terre canadienne, les jésuites français ont été peu portés à définir leur doctrine évangélisatrice ou, si l’on veut user d’un néologisme, à produire un traité ...missiologique. Aussi est-ce un événement particulier qui a déterminé Pierre Biard, le rédacteur de la “relation” de 1611, à exposer les principes sur lesquels a reposé sa pratique évangélisatrice au cours de son séjour en Acadie entre 1611 et 1613. Ce sont même, sans doute, les accusations contenues dans leFactum du procez, qui a opposé Jean de Biencourt, sieur de Poutrincourt, aux jésuites, qui expliquent que la relation
Java is of strategic importance for registering the dispersal of anatomically modern humans across the region that is today Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) and further on into the Pacific. Prior to the ...Holocene rise in sea levels that separated Java from Sumatra, the Malay Peninsula and Kalimantan (Borneo), Java was part of the Late Pleistocene subcontinent known as Sundaland. TheHomo sapiensfossil record in Java may date back to as early as 125,000 BP, based on the proposed dating for the Punung (Gunung Sewu) rainforest fauna (Sémah et al. 2006; Westaway et al. 2007), which includes a human premolar
