Starting in the late nineteenth century, scholars and activists all over the world suddenly began to insist that understandings of sex be based on science. As Japanese and Indian sexologists ...influenced their German, British, and American counterparts and vice versa, sexuality, modernity, and imaginings of exotified “Others” became intimately linked. The first anthology to provide a worldwide perspective on the birth and development of the field, A Global History of Sexual Science contends that actors outside of Europe—in Asia, Latin America, and Africa—became important interlocutors in debates on prostitution, birth control, and transvestism. Ideas circulated through intellectual exchange, travel, and internationally produced and disseminated publications. Twenty scholars tackle specific issues, including the female orgasm and the criminalization of male homosexuality, to demonstrate how concepts and ideas introduced by sexual scientists gained currency throughout the modern world.
Introduction
Male hypogonadism is a disease in which testicular function is impaired. Its symptoms are due to testosterone deficiency and most of them show low specificity. These include reduced ...libido, erectile dysfunction and mood disorders, among others. The biochemical indicator of hypogonadism is a testosterone concentration below 350 ng/ml (12nmol/L), according to the European Association of Urology (EAU). The increased incidence of hypogonadism is associated with aging and the presence of comorbidities such as type II diabetes and obesity. Men with testosterone deficiency have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and premature death.
Goals
Summary of current reports on the diagnosis and treatment of hypogonadism. An overview of the advantages and disadvantages of the different types of formulations used in testosterone replacement therapy.
MethodsReview of literature available in PubMed and Google Scholar databases.
Conclusions
The medical interview, physical examination and ancillary tests help to classify hypogonadism appropriately. Measuring the concentration of gonadotropins, helps diversify primary from secondary hypogonadism. Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) uses formulations that have varying release profiles, route of administration and drug formulation. The choice of testosterone product should involve age, lifestyle, and individual preferences of the patient.
Transfeminist studies in Sweden, Norway, and Finland have documented gendersex binary and cis-/heteronormative practices in trans-specific healthcare. Similarly, the Sexology Clinic (SC) has been ...accused of interpreting gendersex as binary and sexuality as heteronormative. To explore whether Danish healthcare practices are shaped by binary gendersex and heteronormative ideals, we created a survey in collaboration with LGBT DK asking trans people (n = 48) about their experiences with the SC's practices. We paid particular attention to people who were rejected from the clinic to explore which subject positions the clinic might perceive as unintelligible or illegitimate. Our survey showed that the majority of the participants (75%) identified as LGBQIA+, and eight of 48 participants self-identified as non-binary or with multiple gender identities. Furthermore, non-binary and LGBQIA+ respondents reported a greater conflict with the SC's interpellation of transgender identity and gender expression than people identifying within the gendersex binary and/or as heterosexual. This finding underlines the importance of ensuring that the SC complies with the World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) guidelines and accepts trans people's own interpellations of gendersex and sexuality as intelligible and legitimate.
Disorders of Orgasm and Ejaculation in Men Rowland, David; McMahon, Chris G.; Abdo, Carmita ...
Journal of sexual medicine,
April 2010, Letnik:
7, Številka:
4pt2
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
Ejaculatory/orgasmic disorders are common male sexual dysfunctions, and include premature ejaculation (PE), inhibited ejaculation, anejaculation, retrograde ejaculation, and anorgasmia.
To provide ...recommendations and guidelines concerning current state-of-the-art knowledge for management of ejaculation/orgasmic disorders in men.
An international consultation in collaboration with the major urology and sexual medicine associations assembled over 200 multidisciplinary experts from 60 countries into 25 committees. Committee members established specific objectives and scopes for various male and female sexual medicine topics. The recommendations concerning state-of-the-art knowledge of disorders of orgasm and ejaculation represent the opinion of seven experts from seven countries developed in a process over a 2-year period.
Expert opinion was based on grading of evidence-based medical literature, widespread internal committee discussion, public presentation and debate.
Premature ejaculation management is largely dependent upon etiology. Lifelong PE is best managed with PE pharmacotherapy (selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor SSRI and/or topical anesthetics). The management of acquired PE is etiology specific and may include erectile dysfunction (ED) pharmacotherapy in men with comorbid ED. Behavioral therapy is indicated when psychogenic or relationship factors are present and is often best combined with PE pharmacotherapy in an integrated treatment program. Retrograde ejaculation is managed by education, patient reassurance, pharmacotherapy, or bladder neck reconstruction. Delayed ejaculation, anejaculation, and/or anorgasmia may have a biogenic and/or psychogenic atiology. Men with age-related penile hypoanesthesia should be educated, reassured, and instructed in revised sexual techniques which maximize arousal.
Additional research is required to further the understanding of the disorders of ejaculation and orgasm. Rowland D, McMahon CG, Abdo C, Chen J, Jannini E, Waldinger MD, and Ahn TY. Disorders of Orgasm and Ejaculation in Men.
Pornography use, sexual attitudes, and age differences in sexual outcomes have each been of longstanding interest to sexologists. Few sexological studies have considered how the association between ...pornography consumption and sexual attitudes may be moderated by age differences, however. Further, few pornography scholars have directed their research efforts toward replication studies despite calls for an increased emphasis on replication across the social and behavioral sciences. This rapid communication attempted to replicate one of the earliest longitudinal panel studies of the relationship between pornography consumption and sexual attitudes among U.S. adults and the first to examine whether the prospective association between pornography use and attitudes toward premarital sex varies by the age of the pornography consumer. While the present replication results were largely consistent with the original study, they also reinforced the position that complexity of analysis and nuance of interpretation are dual requirements for informative replication studies.
Klein, Savaș, and Conley (2021) argued that sexual science is overdependent on WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic) samples. Though we agree that sexual science needs to ...increase its generalizability and inclusivity, we describe concerns with their measurement strategy of categorizing samples as WEIRD or Not WEIRD based on the country from which a sample was drawn. Reanalyzing their data with publicly available global metrics of Education, Industrialization, Richness, and Democratic Values (what we refer to as EIRDness), we find (1) EIRDness metrics were not particularly correlated; (2) countries coded as WEIRD by Klein et al. do not appear reliably EIRDer than those that were not; and (3) and categorical measurement models of EIRDness did not support profiles of EIRD and Not EIRD countries. With these limitations in mind, we then express further concerns about the application utility of Klein et al.'s WEIRDness critique, and unintended political implications embedded in its methodology. We conclude by harkening back to critiques of the WEIRD framework, and suggest that the pursuit of a more equitable and just sexual science - which we applaud Klein et al. for pushing our field to consider - may be better served to alternative frameworks for critiquing its sampling practices.
PDF
