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•The formation, structure, and properties of silk is detailed description.•Methods for preparing functionalized silk-based smart wearable materials are summarized.•Applications of ...silk in smart wearable devices is critically reviewed.•Challenges and future perspectives of silk-based smart wearable materials are discussed.
Flexible electronics and smart wearable textiles have been widely used in healthcare monitoring, flexible sensing, thermal management, protective clothing, energy storage, and conversion devices owing to their light weight, user-friendliness, and high-throughput performance. Silk is a traditional fiber material and is one of the most promising candidates for flexible electronics and smart wearable textiles owing to its excellent mechanical properties, outstanding wearing comfort, good biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Silk can be integrated with flexible electrons into textiles or developed into advanced materials such as conductive fibers, membranes, hydrogels, and scaffolds for smart wearable devices, including actuators, sensors, electronic skin, self-generating devices, energy storage devices, microneedles, and radiation-cooling smart textiles. In this work, we review the spinning formation, unique hierarchical and chemical structures, and fundamental properties of silk fibers. Subsequently, the preparation methods, working mechanisms, and applications of silk materials in various flexible electronics and smart wearable textiles are reviewed. Finally, the persistent challenges and prospects of silk-based flexible electronics and smart wearable textiles are discussed.
Body temperature is an important indicator of human health. The traditional mercury and medical electronic thermometers have a slow response (≥1 min) and can not be worn for long to achieve ...continuous temperature monitoring due to their rigidity. In this work, we prepared a skin-core structure polyurethane (PU)/graphene encapsulated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)–poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) temperature-sensitive fiber in one step by combining wet spinning technology with impregnation technology. The composite fiber has high sensitivity (−1.72%/°C), super-resolution (0.1 °C), fast time response (17 s), antisweat interference, and high linearity (R 2 = 0.98) in the temperature sensing range of 30–50 °C. The fiber is strong enough to be braided into the temperature-sensitive fabric with commercial cotton yarns. The fabric with good comfort and durability can be arranged in the armpit position of the cloth to realize real-time body temperature monitoring without interruption during daily activities. Through Bluetooth wireless transmission, body temperature can be monitored in real-time and displayed on mobile phones to the parents or guardians. Overall, the fiber-based temperature sensor will significantly improve the practical applications of wearable temperature sensors in intelligent medical treatment due to its sensing stability, comfort, and durability.
•The study highlights the antecedents influencing wearable payment usage intention.•A dual-stage SEM-ANN analysis with deep learning was proposed.•Applicability of perceived aesthetics and technology ...readiness on wearable payments.•Effectiveness of Mobile Technology Acceptance Model on wearable payments.
The research paper purports to assess the antecedents that affect users’ behavioral intention to use wearable payment. Specifically, this empirical research examines the roles of perceived aesthetics, technology readiness, mobile usefulness, and mobile ease of use on behavioral intention. Differing from past mobile payment studies, a newly proposed methodology that involves a dual-stage analysis and an emerging Artificial Intelligence analysis named deep learning was performed on 307 usable responses. Findings revealed that all relationships were supported except for the linkage between mobile ease of use and behavioral intention. The results of this study provide valuable insights to payment companies and smart wearable device manufacturers to come up with plans and marketing strategies to convince the potential adopters to adopt wearable payment, guiding marketers to design a more successful wearable payment solution. Theoretically, the newly integrated theoretical model that incorporates Mobile Technology Acceptance Model, Fashion Theory, and Technology Readiness Theory could help ascertain the relative significance of certain determinants, providing a clearer insight on the acceptance of wearable payment among consumers.
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•A versatile sensor is developed by assembling MXene and shear stiffening elastomer.•The sensor shows excellent EMI shielding and anti-impact bi-protection properties.•The wearable ...sensor shows application in human body monitoring and human protection.•The wearable sensor shows promising application in wireless transmission system.•The wearable sensor shows promising application in human–machine interaction field.
Smart wearable devices with mechanical anti-impact property and electromagnetic interference shielding performance are highly required for providing comprehensive and effective protection for human beings under special conditions. Herein, a multifunctional SSE/MXene-NWF/SSE (SMS) sandwich composite with multiple sensing properties, electromagnetic interference shielding performance and anti-impacting ability was developed. By decorating conductive MXene onto the middle non-woven fabric (NWF), the as-fabricated SMS composite protects human from the harmful electromagnetic radiation with the shielding effectiveness up to 58 dB. The shear stiffening elastomer (SSE) whose storage modulus increases with the shear frequency displays typical shear stiffening effect, and thus confers SMS sandwich composite outstanding anti-impacting and safe-guarding properties which can dissipate nearly 97% impact energy. In addition, this SMS sandwich composite also meets the development needs of smart wearable devices, which can be comfortably attached onto human parts to monitor different human motions. Moreover, the intelligent alarm system and mechanical manipulator based on SMS sensor shows the promising application in wireless transmission and human–machine interaction. Finally, the designed SMS-based sensor array further displays its multi-perceptive characteristic under various stimuli as well as double-safeguarding abilities under impact and electromagnetic radiation. This work opens a new perspective for the development of multifunctional composite as smart wearable devices with anti-impacting and electromagnetic interference shielding properties for the comprehensive safeguarding of human beings.
It is particularly challenging to prepare hydrogels with excellent mechanical properties that are comparable to those of strong biological tissues such as ligaments and tendons. Here, we present a ...facile method to fabricate tough and multifunctional hydrogels by freeze-thawing the self-reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite prepared from acetal hydrolysis of commercial polyvinyl formal (PVFM) fabric. The resultant hydrogels exhibit simultaneously high tensile strength (18.5 MPa), toughness (14.7 ± 2.9 MJ/m3), tearing resistance (35 N/mm), flexibility and excellent environment adaptability without compromising transparency. In addition, this hydrogel has good ionic conductivity, which can be applied to strain sensors and touch screens, and with proper design, it is successfully applied in flexible actuators. These results indicate this hydrogel has great potential for applications in different fields such as smart wearable devices and bionic actuators. The preparation method proposed in this paper is simple and controllable, and the material properties can be customized to meet specific needs, opening up possibilities for large-scale production of hydogels.
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•A comprehensive research model of smart wearable devices is proposed.•Key influential factors on users’ intentions are addressed.•There are notable indirect and direct motivations on the intentions.
...Smart wearable devices have become one of the most popular interactive items in the “smart” era that prioritizes “mobility.” There is significant scholarly interest in not only promoting the successful diffusion of this technology but also providing improved user experience to users of these devices. In line with this trend, this study explores users’ perceptions of smart wearable devices and introduces a comprehensive research model that employs factors that are primarily extracted using the expectation-confirmation, technology acceptance, and flow models. The results derived using both confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling methods (N = 1,380) indicate that users’ intentions to use smart wearable devices are determined by five influential factors: satisfaction, enjoyment, usefulness, flow state, and cost. Both users’ confirmation and service and system quality play notable determinative roles in the research model. Implications and suggestions are presented considering the results.
•Using a mixed-methods approach, we analyzed the adoption of wearable devices among older adults.•Perceived complexity of devices (specifically interpreting the outputs) is the most salient deterrent ...of adoption.•The effect of cognitive age on adoption is moderated by subjective well-being (SWB).•Cognitive age negatively (vs. positively) impacts the older adults’ adoption intention when their SWB is high (vs. low).
Recently, the popularity of smart wearable technologies, such as Fitbit, has significantly increased. There are numerous potential benefits in using these devices, especially among seniors. Yet, little is known about seniors’ adoption behavior. Through a mixed-methods approach, this study investigates the factors that impact seniors’ intention to use wearable devices. Results from an online survey and interviews showed that seniors’ perception of the complexity of working with these devices is a barrier to their adoption decisions. Looking more deeply into the role of complexity revealed that seniors’ concern about the complexity of reading and interpreting the output of wearable devices is the main deterring element. Furthermore, we explored the role of two important elements: seniors’ cognitive age, and the influence of their subjective well-being on their adoption behavior. Results demonstrated that cognitive age does not significantly impact use intention by itself; nonetheless, subjective well-being moderates its effect. This result revealed an interesting finding, which is that the influence of cognitive age on seniors’ use intention depends on seniors’ level of subjective well-being. When seniors’ subjective well-being is low, surprisingly, cognitive age increases seniors’ intention to use the device. These findings provide interesting implications for practice and future research.
This paper innovatively applies smart wearable devices to college sports flipped classrooms, using the photoelectric volumetric method to measure blood oxygen pulse and monitor heart rate during ...exercise, and realizing the calculation and measurement of exercise status by detecting the discrimination between peak exercise and normal exercise threshold. The sports-flipped classroom will improve the quality of physical education by using intelligent sports equipment to enable students to learn independently and teachers to guide them at the right time. The results show that there is a significant difference in the cognition of college students’ sports behavior in the duration of using smart wearable devices (P=0.044), and the frequency and time of using smart wearable devices will have a very significant impact on sports intensity (P<0.01). There were significant differences (P < 0.01) in height, 50-meter run, seated forward bend, and 800/1000 meters, and no significant differences in weight (P = 0.824), blood oxygen level, heart rate, and gait after smart device sports flipped classroom instruction. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in “novelty, negativity, attention, exploratory, enjoyment, and positivity” in the experimental group after the flipped classroom teaching of sports with intelligent devices, and the negativity showed a significant decreasing trend.
Intelligent wearable devices effectively collect real-time data and physiological indicators of students performing badminton sports activities through the functions of collecting, organizing, and ...analyzing mobile big data. Meanwhile, the SVM classification algorithm based on data fusion theory is proposed to realize the collection and monitoring of human posture and other signals. The smart wearable device is used as an auxiliary teaching means to help students quickly master basic movement skills, and a 32-credit-hour teaching experiment is conducted to compare and analyze the effect of its teaching impact. It was analyzed that the physical quality and basic skills of hairball of the two groups of students before the experiment were basically similar (P>0.05). The mean values of badminton long-throw movement of the experimental group before the experiment and after the experiment were 4.72 and 5.73, respectively, and showed a significant difference (P<0.01), and the four movements such as forehand serve high long ball were also significantly improved (P<0.01). 43.75% of the students felt that the smart wearable device badminton special learning was of interest. The reform and development of badminton teaching in colleges and universities in the era of big data can be promoted by this paper’s method.
Recent advances in wearable technology through convenient and cuffless systems will enable continuous, noninvasive monitoring of blood pressure (BP), heart rate, and heart rhythm on both longitudinal ...24-hour measurement scales and high-frequency beat-to-beat BP variability and synchronous heart rate variability and changes in underlying heart rhythm. Clinically, BP variability is classified into 4 main types on the basis of the duration of monitoring time: very-short-term (beat to beat), short-term (within 24 hours), medium-term (within days), and long-term (over months and years). BP variability is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, cognitive decline, and mental illness. The diagnostic and therapeutic value of measuring and controlling BP variability may offer critical targets in addition to lowering mean BP in hypertensive populations.
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