Abstract
Intelligente Heizungsregler und Smarthome‐Systeme können den Heizenergieverbrauch bzw. die Heizkosten, unter anderem durch eine Anpassung der Gebäudebeheizung an die An‐ bzw. Abwesenheit der ...Nutzer, reduzieren. Zu diesem Zweck werden die Ergebnisse von fünf unterschiedlichen Studien zusammengefasst, die am Fraunhofer‐Institut für Bauphysik IBP unter Verwendung von dynamischer Gebäudesimulation durchgeführt wurden. Diese Studien vergleichen die intelligenten Systeme mit einer konventionellen Regelung die der EnEV Referenztechnik entspricht. Die Auswertung des kombinierten Datensatzes erlaubt die Untersuchung der Einsparpotenziale getrennt für unterschiedliche Baualter, Gebäudetypen und Haushaltsgrößen. Die untersuchten Systeme zeigen typische mittlere Einsparpotenziale zwischen 8 und 19 % Endenergie für Heizung und Trinkwarmwasser bzw. Energiekosteneinsparpotentiale zwischen 0,3 und 2,6 €/(m
2
a). Parallel werden die durch die Systeme bewirkten Veränderungen im thermischen Raumkomfort bewertet und den Einsparpotentialen gegenübergestellt. Hier zeigen sich große Unterschiede zwischen den untersuchten Varianten. Einerseits gibt es Fälle die fast keine energetischen Potentiale aufweisen aber den thermischen Komfort reduzieren, anderseits geht in manchen Varianten eine Komfort‐Verbesserung mit einer potentiellen Bedarfsreduktion einher.
Abstract
Analysis of the energy saving potentials of smart home and intelligent heating controls
Saving potentials of intelligent heating controls
Intelligent heating controllers and smart home systems can reduce heating energy consumption and heating costs, among other things by adapting building heating to the presence / absence of the occupants. In this publication the results of five different studies, carried out at the Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics IBP using dynamic building energy simulation, are summarized. These studies compare the intelligent systems with a control that corresponds to the EnEV reference technology. The evaluation of this combined data set allows the analysis of savings potentials separately for different years of construction, building types and family sizes. The systems examined show typical average saving potentials between 8 and 19 % for the final energy for heating and domestic hot water and potential energy cost savings between 0,3 and 2,6 €/(m
2
a). At the same time, the changes in thermal comfort caused by the systems are evaluated and compared with the potential savings. This shows a wide variation between the investigated cases. On the one hand, there are cases that show almost no potentials but reductions in the thermal comfort, on the other hand, in some variants an improvement in comfort is accompanied by a potential reduction in demand.
Intelligente Heizungsregler und Smarthome‐Systeme können den Heizenergieverbrauch bzw. die Heizkosten, unter anderem durch eine Anpassung der Gebäudebeheizung an die An‐ bzw. Abwesenheit der Nutzer, ...reduzieren. Zu diesem Zweck werden die Ergebnisse von fünf unterschiedlichen Studien zusammengefasst, die am Fraunhofer‐Institut für Bauphysik IBP unter Verwendung von dynamischer Gebäudesimulation durchgeführt wurden. Diese Studien vergleichen die intelligenten Systeme mit einer konventionellen Regelung die der EnEV Referenztechnik entspricht. Die Auswertung des kombinierten Datensatzes erlaubt die Untersuchung der Einsparpotenziale getrennt für unterschiedliche Baualter, Gebäudetypen und Haushaltsgrößen. Die untersuchten Systeme zeigen typische mittlere Einsparpotenziale zwischen 8 und 19 % Endenergie für Heizung und Trinkwarmwasser bzw. Energiekosteneinsparpotentiale zwischen 0,3 und 2,6 €/(m 2a). Parallel werden die durch die Systeme bewirkten Veränderungen im thermischen Raumkomfort bewertet und den Einsparpotentialen gegenübergestellt. Hier zeigen sich große Unterschiede zwischen den untersuchten Varianten. Einerseits gibt es Fälle die fast keine energetischen Potentiale aufweisen aber den thermischen Komfort reduzieren, anderseits geht in manchen Varianten eine Komfort‐Verbesserung mit einer potentiellen Bedarfsreduktion einher.
Analysis of the energy saving potentials of smart home and intelligent heating controls
Saving potentials of intelligent heating controls
Intelligent heating controllers and smart home systems can reduce heating energy consumption and heating costs, among other things by adapting building heating to the presence / absence of the occupants. In this publication the results of five different studies, carried out at the Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics IBP using dynamic building energy simulation, are summarized. These studies compare the intelligent systems with a control that corresponds to the EnEV reference technology. The evaluation of this combined data set allows the analysis of savings potentials separately for different years of construction, building types and family sizes. The systems examined show typical average saving potentials between 8 and 19 % for the final energy for heating and domestic hot water and potential energy cost savings between 0,3 and 2,6 €/(m2a). At the same time, the changes in thermal comfort caused by the systems are evaluated and compared with the potential savings. This shows a wide variation between the investigated cases. On the one hand, there are cases that show almost no potentials but reductions in the thermal comfort, on the other hand, in some variants an improvement in comfort is accompanied by a potential reduction in demand.
The Organic Smart Home is a generic framework as well as a runtime environment for the application in real smart homes to cope with the challenges of a flexible and adaptive energy management system.
With the introduction of the Amazon Echo family and Google devices like Chromecast and Home the adoption of IoT devices in the household is bound to increase exponentially this year. While usability ...is at the front and centre of the experience to facilitate the adoption and use of these new devices, security and privacy are often an afterthought. As a consequence, a dangerous environment of opportunity is available for malicious actors to exploit vulnerable devices sitting in domestic houses. Recent history shows that an attack on IoT devices can be both easy and have destructive consequences, with Internet services like Dyn suffering huge DDoS attacks that affected millions of Internet users. In addition, lots of cheap devices are being released in the market with little to zero security features. Therefore, it's of paramount importance to address the security issues in the IoT space, especially in home and city environments. Privacy and individual safety are at risk given how personal these devices are and how they are going to shape the future of society. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of current IoT technologies and security issues with a focus on the Smart Home and City environments. We discuss possible solutions for improving IoT security that not only focus on today's endpoint device security issues, but also the anticipated future attacks on data protocols and connectivity.
For user-centred design of ICT solutions in the AAL field, an approach combining real household living lab and SmartHome lab seems promising. Based on our experiences within the AAL project FoSIBLE, ...we propose a mixed-method approach to develop and evaluate a Social TV system from both a bird′s eye and worm′s-eye perspective in regards to user acceptance and rejection. We provide insights into the methodological strategies and analyse the strengths and weaknesses of our proposition to demonstrate how the different methodological approaches can augment each other in the different phases of AAL projects.
Um neue IKT-Lösungen innerhalb von AAL-Projekten nutzerorientiert zu entwickeln und zu evaluieren, erscheint die Verbindung des Living Lab Konzeptes in realen Haushalten mit der Verwendung eines SmartHomes als Testumgebung vielversprechend. Basierend auf unseren Erfahrungen innerhalb des AAL-Projekts FoSIBLE stellen wir eine Verknüpfung beider Ansätze vor, um Social TV Systeme hinsichtlich der Nutzer-Akzeptanz bzw. Ablehnung sowohl aus einer Vogel- als auch Froschperspektive untersuchen zu können. Hierfür beschreiben wir die methodischen Strategien beider Ansätze und analysieren die jeweiligen Vor- und Nachteile, um aufzuzeigen wie sich die Ansätze in unterschiedlichen Projektphasen ergänzen können.
One of the most used protocols in smart homes is the MQTT protocol. This protocol was developed to answer the issues of limited resources of connected objects by enabling data exchanges between ...objects in IoT networks. However a huge problem that IoT devices face is security. Due to the sensitive information that is transmitted and stored in IoT devices and the limitation in computational resources (CPU, memory), they are exposed to several security threats. Thus, any compromise happens to these devices, will affect the user. Although the protocol incorporates some security bricks such as pair authentication (username, password), access control lists (ACLs) and SSL/TLS encryption, its implementation in smart home networks presents many vulnerabilities related to the only authentication mechanism it offers. In this paper we propose a dynamic authentication model of the MQTT protocol taking into account the resource limitations of connected objects. This protocol is based on dynamic one-time passwords (OTP). (OTP) dynamic passwords. For the robustness of our authentication algorithm, we exploit the random number generation and processing functions, the key exchange principle and the HMAC-SHA256 hash function.
Over the last few years, indoor localization has been a very dynamic research area that has drawn great attention. Many methods have been proposed for indoor positioning as well as navigation ...services. A big number of them were based on Radio frequency (RF) technology and Radio Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) for their simplicity of use. The main issues of the studies conducted in this field are related to the improvement of localization factors like accuracy, computational complexity, easiness of deployment and cost. In our study, we used Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology for indoor localization in the context of a smart home where an elderly person can be located using an hybrid system that combines radio, light and sound information. In this paper, we propose a model that averages the received signal strength indication (RSSI) at any distance domain which offered accuracy down to 0.4 meters, depending on the deployment configuration.
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