Pistacia terebinthus L. ili smrdljika je listopadni grm ili nisko stablo iz porodice Anacardiaceae. Autohtona je vrsta Mediterana, a u Hrvatskoj je široko rasprostranjena od Istre, preko Hrvatskog ...primorja, Dalmacije, Dalmatinske zagore do krajnjeg juga. Kserofitna je vrsta, koja raste na osunčanim položajima u makijama i šikarama eumediteranske i submediteranske zone na suhim, toplim, kamenitim i stjenovitim mjestima. Na području prirodne rasprostranjenosti tradicionalno se koristila u prehrani, kao i u liječenju mnogih zdravstvenih tegoba, kao što su respiratorne i urinarne infekcije, želučane tegobe, reumatizam, itd. U novije vrijeme, analize kemijskog sastava vrste upućuju na znatan sadržaj mnogobrojnih aktivnih sastojaka visoke nutritivne vrijednosti i ljekovitog djelovanja (npr. eterična ulja, proteini, tanini, nezasićene masne kiseline, flavonoidi), a najpoznatija je po sadržaju smole iz koje se izdvaja terpentin. Zbog veće otpornosti na sušu, temperaturne ekstreme, bolesti i štetnike te s obzirom na rasprostranjenost na našem području, smrdljika ima najveći potencijal kao podloga za cijepljenje prave tršlje ili pistacije (P. vera L.), cijenjene zbog svojih plodova, što danas predstavlja upotrebu od najvećeg gospodarskog značaja, a prvi nasadi već se podižu u srednjoj Dalmaciji. Najčešći način cijepljenja je okuliranje koje se provodi na dobro razvijenim dvogodišnjim podlogama smrdljike. Izvjesni problem koji se javlja kod proizvodnje podloga je niska klijavost sjemena smrdljike zbog fiziološke i fizikalne dormantnosti, partenokarpije i abortiranja sjemenki. Dostupna znanstvena i stručna literatura kao i rezultati preliminarnih terenskih istraživanja upućuju na postojanje velikog potencijala upotrebe smrdljike u agronomiji, šumarstvu, farmaciji i prehrambenoj industriji.
Pistacia terebinthus L. or terebinth is a deciduous shrub or low tree from the Anacardiaceae family. It is a native species of the Mediterranean region. In Croatia it is widespread from Istria through the Croatian coast, Dalmatia and Dalmatian Zagora to the extreme south. It is a xerophytic species that grows in sunny places in maquis and thickets of the eu-Mediterranean and sub-Mediterranean zone on dry, warm, stony, and rocky terrains. In its natural range it has traditionally been used as food and for the treatment of numerous health problems such as respiratory and urinary infections, stomach problems, rheumatism etc. Recently, analyzes of its chemical composition indicate that it contains numerous active ingredients with high nutritional value and medicinal effects (essential oils, proteins, tannins, unsaturated fatty acids, flavonoids, tannins). The terebinth plants are especially known for their resin content, from which turpentine is extracted. Due to its greater resistance to drought, temperature extremes, diseases and pests, and considering its widespread distribution in Croatia, P. terebinthus has the greatest potential as a rootstock for grafting pistachio (P. vera L.), valued for the fruits. The first plantations of. P. vera are already being established in Central Dalmatia. The most common grafting method is chip budding, which is carried out on well-developed biennial rootstocks. A certain problem encountered in rootstock production is the low germination rate of P. terebinthus seeds due to physiological and physical dormancy, parthenocarpy and seed abortion. The available scientific and professional literature, as well as the results of preliminary field research, indicate great potential for the use of P. terebinthus in agronomy, forestry, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries.
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•The recently-suggested helical mirror confinement concept is discussed.•Active suppression of axial particle and energy losses.•Parameter space for the first experiment is ...discussed.•Details of magnetic system of the SMOLA project are presented.
A novel concept of helical mirror confinement with active axial and radial plasma flow control is discussed. The idea relies on the retarding force that appears when biased plasma experiences rotation in crossed electrical and helical mirror magnetic fields. Preparations for its experimental study started in Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk. Possible parameter space for a concept-exploration-class device SMOLA is identified. Details of numerical optimization of the magnetic structure of the device are presented. The main physical task for the SMOLA experiment will be direct demonstration of the helical mirror performance in simple experimental conditions at reasonably low plasma parameters.
During the 1970s and 1980s, the chemical composition of more than 50 species found in Central Asia was studied, and about 250 terpenoid substances were isolated from them. Due to the growth of the ...species in various ecological conditions, about 40 species are also of great importance as fodder plants. This article presents the results of our research aimed at accounting for the natural resources of tajik kavrak (
Ferula tadshikorum
Pimenov) in Surxondary and Kashkadarya, the southern regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan. By reading the article, you can find out the distribution of tajik kavrak. During the last 20 years in Uzbekistan, the process of collecting Tajik kavrak sap by people has been intensively carried out in the southern regions of the republic, namely Kashkadarya and Surkhandarya provinces, which are the main distribution area of the plant. Unwise use of the plant's natural resources led to the threat of complete extinction of its current natural distribution areas, which, in turn, led to the inclusion of Ferula tadshikorum Pimenov species in the next edition of the "Red Book" of the Republic of Uzbekistan (2019) with the 3rd status.
The physics of confinement of plasma rotating in the magnetic field with linear helical symmetry is studied at the SMOLA open trap at Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Siberian Branch of the ...Russian Academy of Sciences. The factor characterizing the quality of plasma confinement in the system is its flow velocity. The paper describes the diagnostics applied, which is based on the Mach probe used under the conditions of nonmagnetized plasma; this diagnostics made it possible to determine the longitudinal flow velocity in the experiments. In different operating regimes of the device, the measured longitudinal flow velocity was (0.5−5) × 10
6
cm/s. It is discussed how the velocity depends on the magnetic field corrugation. The reverse flow of trapped particles returning to the confinement zone was detected.
The present study is aimed to develop dextromethorphan hydrobromide (DXM) oral disintegrating tablets (ODT) with acceptable palatability to help patients of all age groups. The bitter taste of the ...drug was masked by binding the drug to ion exchange resin. The effect of the particle size of resin on drug loading was studied. In vitro and in vivo disintegration time and in vitro drug release studies were performed. Drug loading increased significantly with a decrease in the particle size of the resin. DSC and XRPD studies reveal that the molecular state of the drug changed from crystalline to amorphous form. The dissolution efficiency calculated for optimized ODT and conventional directly compressed tablet were almost comparable, indicating free dissociation of the drug from the resinate. The bitter taste of DXM can be masked by binding with ion exchange resin and the resinate can be successfully formulated into oral disintegrating tablets.
Cilj rada bio je pripraviti raspadajuće tablete dekstrometorfan hidrobromida (DXM) za oralnu primjenu (ODT) prihvatljivog okusa s namjerom da se pomogne pacijentima svih dobnih skupina. Gorki okus ljekovite tvari maskiran je vezanjem lijeka na ionskoizmjenjivačku smolu. Proučavan je utjecaj veličine čestica smole na količinu ljekovite tvari koja se može na nju vezati, vrijeme raspadanja in vitro i in vivo, te oslobađanje lijeka in vitro. Količina vezanog lijeka značajno se povećava sa smanjenjem veličine čestica smole. DSC i XRPD studije pokazuju da prilikom vezanja kristalinični oblik lijeka prelazi u amorfni. Oslobađanje ljekovite tvari izračunato za optimizirane ODT i izravno komprimirane tablete vrlo je slično, što ukazuje na slobodno oslobađanje lijeka iz smole. Gorki okus DXM može se maskirati vezanjem ljekovite tvari na ionsko-izmjenjivačku smolu iz koje se mogu pripraviti raspadajuće tablete za oralnu primjenu.
U radu je dan pregled osnovnih vrsta boja primjenjivih za završnu obradu vanjskih površina povijesnih građevina, a to su vapnene, silikatne i, u novije vrijeme, silikonske boje.
Uvodno su pojašnjeni ...osnovni pojmovi poput boje, pigmenta i veziva, čije je poznavanje nužno za daljnje razumijevanje teksta.
Veziva i pigmenti mogu biti organski i anorganski (mineralni) pa sukladno tomu razlikujemo mineralne boje od onih na bazi umjetnih smola.
Boje na bazi umjetnih smola čine danas najzastupljeniju skupinu premaza, ali zbog svojih karakteristika kao što su niska paropropusnost te stvaranje elastičnog, zatvorenog filma nakon sušenja nisu pogodne za primjenu na povijesnim građevinama.
U konzervatorskoj se praksi većinom upotrebljavaju mineralne boje u koje spadaju vapnene i silikatne, a u novije vrijeme i silikonske boje koje objedinjuju svojstva mineralnih i boja na bazi umjetnih smola.
Industrija cementa je danas odgovorna za najveće razine emisije ugljičnog dioksida (CO2) i potrošnje energije u građevinskoj industriji. Stoga je u današnje vrijeme primjena održivih vezivnih ...materijala kao zamjene za cement postalo pitanje od globalnog značenja. Iz prethodnih se radova vidi da su polimeri pouzdana i održiva alternativa cementu u graditeljstvu, a dugoročno gledano, polimerni betoni (PC) smatraju se najprikladnijom zamjenom tradicionalnih betona s cementom. U ovom se radu kao glavni cilj postavlja istraživanje utjecaja smola, koje se koriste kao vezivne komponente u polimernom betonu, na mehanička svojstva polimernih betona. U tom se smislu u radu analizira deset ortoftalnih nezasićenih poliesterskih smola (OUPR) koje se često koriste u građevinarstvu, te se provode ispitivanja svježeg i očvrsnulog betona u obliku ploča koje sadrže navedene smole. Nakon analize, svakom se tipu smole dodjeljuje indeks učinkovitosti. Eksperimentalni rezultati pokazuju da vrsta smole bitno utječe na mehanička svojstva polimernog betona.
In this monograph an attempt is made to elucidate and systematize selected intertextual references in the prose book of Anton Čechovs with the help of concepts, categories and models developed in the ...field of intertextuality theory. It is not only about the determination of new texts, but sometimes primarily about a more sophisticated investigation of the intertextual signals, which are questioned on their specific position, form and function in the structure of the text. In this way, a more precise intertextual analysis of individual prose works by Čechov is suggested. Based on the study of some early short stories, we first discuss such types of second-degree texts, such as affirmative imitations, parodies, and counterfactures. This reveals an alternative to the predominantly parodic intertextuality of the early Čechov. Finally, attention is drawn to the varieties of fictional literary reception in the later work of Čechov.
In dieser Monographie wird ein Versuch unternommen, ausgewählte intertextuelle Bezüge im Prosawerk Anton Čechovs mit Hilfe der im Bereich der Intertextualitätstheorie erarbeiteten Begriffe, Kategorien und Modelle zu eruieren und zu systematisieren. Es geht dabei nicht allein um die Ermittlung neuer Prätexte, sondern bisweilen in erster Linie um eine differenziertere Erforschung der intertextuellen Signale, die auf ihre spezifische Stellung, Form und Funktion in der Struktur des Textes hinterfragt werden. Auf diesem Wege wird zu einer präziseren intertextuellen Analyse einzelner Prosawerke Čechovs angeregt. Auf Grundlage der Untersuchung einiger früher Kurzgeschichten werden zunächst solche Arten der Texte zweiten Grades erörtert, wie affirmative Nachahmungen, Parodien und Kontrafakturen. Dadurch wird eine Alternative zu der vorwiegend parodistischen Intertextualität des frühen Čechov aufgedeckt. Zuletzt wird das Augenmerk auf die Spielarten der fiktiv gestalteten Literaturrezeption im späteren Schaffen Čechovs gelenkt.
In this monograph an attempt is made to elucidate and systematize selected intertextual references in the prose book of Anton Čechovs with the help of concepts, categories and models developed in the ...field of intertextuality theory. It is not only about the determination of new texts, but sometimes primarily about a more sophisticated investigation of the intertextual signals, which are questioned on their specific position, form and function in the structure of the text. In this way, a more precise intertextual analysis of individual prose works by Čechov is suggested. Based on the study of some early short stories, we first discuss such types of second-degree texts, such as affirmative imitations, parodies, and counterfactures. This reveals an alternative to the predominantly parodic intertextuality of the early Čechov. Finally, attention is drawn to the varieties of fictional literary reception in the later work of Čechov.
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